PEA (Pisum sativum L.) BREEDING: ADVANCES OF THE BREEDING PROGRAM AT UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE ROSARIO

A pea breeding program to increase production in quantity and quality was started in 2005 in the College of Agrarian Sciences (FCA), National University of Rosario (UNR). The first steps were to gather an active collection of germplasm from around the world and to analyze genetic variability through morpho-agronomic and molecular traits in order to set objectives. In 2014, the National Institute of Agropecuarian Technology (INTA) and the FCA-UNR, joined forces to unite inter-institutional efforts for promoting the local development of pea genotypes adapted to the region. This program, using conventional methodologies, has so far obtained a new commercial line (Primogénita FCA-INTA) of green cotyledons, semi-leafless, with high adaptation to local agro ecological conditions and high yield potential. Breeding, nevertheless, is a slow process. Developing new pea varieties usually takes a decade or more when using traditional methodologies; thus, different alternatives were proposed for the reduction of this period. Doubled haploids and in vitro culture have been some of the methodologies developed; in pulses, however, they have not been efficiently implemented in breeding programs. In this context, Speed Breeding emerges as a technology that allows increasing the efficiency of the programs, while reducing costs and the required labor. Key words: peas, conventional methodologies, Speed Breeding, doubled haploids.

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Genetic Advance of Durum Wheat Under High Yielding Conditions: The Case of Chile

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9080454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 454 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alejandro del Pozo ◽

Iván Matus ◽

Kurt Ruf ◽

Dalma Castillo ◽

Ana María Méndez-Espinoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Days To Heading ◽

High Yield Potential

In Chile, durum wheat is cultivated in high-yielding Mediterranean environments, therefore breeding programs have selected cultivars with high yield potential in addition to grain quality. The genetic progress in grain yield (GY) between 1964 and 2010 was 72.8 kg ha−1 per year. GY showed a positive and significant correlation with days to heading, kernels per unit ground area and thousand kernel weight. The gluten and protein content tended to decrease with the year of cultivar release. The correlation between the δ13C of kernels and GY was negative and significant (−0.62, p < 0.05, for all cultivars; and −0.97, p < 0.001, excluding the two oldest cultivars). The yield progress (genetic plus agronomic improvements) of a set of 40–46 advanced lines evaluated between 2006 and 2015 was 569 kg ha−1 per year. Unlike other Mediterranean agro-environments, a longer growing cycle together with taller plants seems to be related to the increase in the GY of Chilean durum wheat during recent decades.

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Development of a New Maize (Zea mays L.) Breeding Program

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/1/3532 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Pál Pepó ◽

Szilárd Tóth

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Regeneration Ability ◽

Breeding Programs

Genetic manipulation may not replace any conventional method in crop breeding programs, but it can be an important adjunct to them. Plant regeneration via tissue culture is becoming increasingly more common in monocots such as corn (Zea mays L.). In vitro culturability and regeneration ability of corn decreased as homozigosity increased, which suggested that these two attributes were controlled primarily by dominant gene action. Pollen (gametophytic) selection for resistance to aflatoxin in corn can greatly facilitate recurrent selection and screening of germplasm for resistance at a much less cost and shorter time than field testing. Integration of in vivo and in vitro techniques in maize breeding program has been developed to obtain desirable agronomic attributes, speed up the breeding process and enhance the genes responsible for them. The efficiency of anther and tissue cultures in most cereals such as maize and wheat have reached the stage where it can be used in breeding programs to some extent and many new cultivars produced by genetic manipulation have now reached the market.

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Screening of tarragon accessions based on physiological and phytochemical responses under water deficit

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97388-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hasan Mumivand ◽

Amin Ebrahimi ◽

Alireza Shayganfar ◽

Hamid Hassaneian Khoshro

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Syringic Acid ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Relative Water ◽

Coumarin Compounds ◽

High Yield Potential

AbstractIn this study, screening of Artemisia dracunculus accessions was investigated under water deficit based on physiological and phytochemical traits. The results clearly indicated that water deficit significantly reduced the relative water content, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents and increased malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant activities. The responses of tarragon accessions to water deficit, however, were inconsistent. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, vanillic, chicoric, and p-coumaric acids as major phenolic acids, while quercetin and herniarin were detected as the predominant flavonoid and coumarin compounds in the extracts. Our findings revealed that the water deficit not only increased the amounts of herniarin, luteolin, apigenin, caffeic acid, and syringic acid, but also introduced quercetin that was not present under normal conditions in Estahbanat. Nevertheless, these results were highly impacted by the accession type. The results indicated that Hamadan, Varamin and Estahbanat accessions could be introduced as tolerant accessions. Given the very different responses of tarragon accessions to water deficit and the diversity between these accessions, the findings of the present study could be an effective step in identifying and achieving homogeneous, drought-tolerant and high-yield potential accessions, and may help tarragon breeding programs as well as development of cultivation.

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Participatory Rice Breeding Based on The Concept of Sustainable Agriculture Region

Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jp3.v40n2.2021.p125-137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Vina Eka Aristya ◽

Taryono Taryono

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Rice Breeding ◽

Top Down ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Agricultural Region ◽

Main Challenge

The Rice farming system has long been implemented by a typical top-down approach. The degree of creativity and autonomy of farmers has been determined by the continuous external inputs. The main challenge of rice breeding programs is to improve the quality of varieties to be developed in a specific environment and acceptable to the user community. The adoption of new varieties was limited because the breeding process has not taken into account the farmers' preferences. Another obstacle that often arises was that varieties are less adaptive in specific conditions. The variety's productivity depends on farmers' knowledge, facilities, and resource management. This paper explores the principles of participatory rice breeding and its application with a comprehensive approach that aims to encourage farmer empowerment in assembling superior varieties and providing seeds independently. Participatory breeding programs are offered as a solution in understanding the needs of sustainable agriculture. The farmers' involvement serves to capture preferences and selection of lines with high yield potential and were environmentally adaptive. Collaboration was carried out through testing the lines on farmers' land. Decentralization breeding also pays attention to the agroecological paradigm in the scale of the agricultural region. Implementation of agricultural region development serves to preserve sustainable agricultural resources and the environment. The farmers' active participation in the agricultural region has a positive impact on ecosystem sustainability, biodiversity, and environmental conservation for the future. Participatory rice breeding through integrated policies contributes to improving farmers' welfare and realizing environmental sustainability through agricultural region management.Key words: Rice, breeding, participatory, collaboration, varieties AbstrakPEMULIAAN PADI SECARA PARTISIPATIF BERBASIS KONSEP KAWASAN PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTANSistem pertanian padi telah lama diterapkan dengan pendekatan top-down yang khas. Tingkat kreativitas dan otonomi petani ditentukan oleh input eksternal secara terus menerus. Tantangan utama program pemuliaan padi ialah meningkatkan kualitas varietas untuk dikembangkan di lingkungan khusus dan dapat diterima oleh masyarakat pengguna. Adopsi varietas baru terbatas karena proses pemuliaan belum memperhatikan preferensi petani. Kendala lain yang sering muncul yaitu varietas kurang adaptif pada lingkungan spesifik. Produktivitas varietas bergantung pada pengetahuan petani, fasilitas, dan pengelolaan sumber daya. Makalah ini menggali prinsip pemuliaan padi secara partisipatif dan penerapannya dengan pendekatan komprehensif yang bertujuan utuk mendorong pemberdayaan petani dalam perakitan varietas unggul dan penyediaan benih secara mandiri. Program pemuliaan partisipatif ditawarkan sebagai solusi dalam memahami kebutuhan pertanian berkelanjutan. Keterlibatan petani berfungsi untuk menjaring preferensi dan seleksi galur dengan potensi hasil tinggi dan adaptif lingkungan. Kolaborasi dilakukan melalui uji galur di lahan petani. Pemuliaan desentralisasi juga memperhatikan paradigma agroekologi dalam skala kawasan pertanian. Implementasi pembangunan kawasan pertanian berfungsi melestarikan sumber daya dan lingkungan pertanian berkelanjutan. Partisipasi aktif petani di kawasan pertanian berdampak positif terhadap kelestarian ekosistem, keanekaragaman hayati, dan konservasi lingkungan bagi masa depan. Pemuliaan padi partisipatif melalui kebijakan terintegrasi berkontribusi pada peningkatan kesejahteraan petani dan mewujudkan kelestarian lingkungan melalui pengelolaan kawasan pertanian.Kata kunci: Padi, pemuliaan, partisipatif, kolaborasi, varietas

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Gene Duplication and Mutation in the Emergence of a Novel Aggressive Allele of the AVR-Pik Effector in the Rice Blast Fungus

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-09-18-0245-r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 740-749 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Apinya Longya ◽

Chaivarakun Chaipanya ◽

Marina Franceschetti ◽

Josephine H. R. Maidment ◽

Mark J. Banfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Blast ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Blast Fungus ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Novel Variant ◽

Avr Gene

Higher yield potential and greater yield stability are common targets for crop breeding programs, including those in rice. Despite these efforts, biotic and abiotic stresses continue to impact rice production. Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most devastating disease affecting rice worldwide. In the field, resistant varieties are unstable and can become susceptible to disease within a few years of release due to the adaptive potential of the blast fungus, specifically in the effector (avirulence [AVR]) gene pool. Here, we analyzed genetic variation of the effector gene AVR-Pik in 58 rice blast isolates from Thailand and examined the interaction between AVR-Pik and the cognate rice resistance gene Pik. Our results reveal that Thai rice blast isolates are very diverse. We observe four AVR-Pik variants in the population, including three previously identified variants, AVR-PikA, AVR-PikD, and AVR-PikE, and one novel variant, which we named AVR-PikF. Interestingly, 28 of the isolates contained two copies of AVR-Pik, always in the combination of AVR-PikD and AVR-PikF. Blast isolates expressing only AVR-PikF show high virulence to rice cultivars encoding allelic Pik resistance genes, and the AVR-PikF protein does not interact with the integrated heavy metal–associated domain of the Pik resistance protein in vitro, suggesting a mechanism for immune evasion.

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Desarrollo de variedades tropicales de soya para el consumo humano.

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v11i2.17299 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Enrique Villalobos ◽

Fausto Camacho

Keyword(s):

Soybean Seed ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Short Day ◽

Taste And Odor ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Delayed Flowering ◽

The University

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) lines lacking seed lipoxigenases 2 and 3 and with high yield potential were developed at the Grain and Seed Research Center of the University of Costa Rica. Those lines were obtained by crossing selected F3 plants from ‘Kanto-101’ X ‘IAC-8’ with F2 plants selected from ‘Padre’ X ‘Duocrop’. Kanto-101 is a Japanese variety that was used as a donor of lox2 and lox3 genes that inhibit the synthesis of lipoxigenases 2 and 3 in the soybean seed. Elimination of lipoxigenases 2 and 3 considerably improves the taste and odor of the soybean milk. Cultivar Padre was used as a donor of delayed flowering under short day conditions. F11 lines CIGRAS-34, 47, 51 and 57 (lox2,lox3), derived from the double cross, showed an outstanding agronomic performance when compared with high yielding cultivars CIGRAS-06 and 10 (Lox), in three sites. The use of Padre cultivar, carrier of the genes that delay flowering under short day conditions, in tropical soybean breeding programs, is important to develop late maturing lines with good adaptation in tropical regions. Lipoxigenase-free seed of soybeans reach a higher price in the international market and might be a potential export crop to those countries where soybeans are an important component of the human diet.

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Plant breeding at Instituto Agronômico do Paraná: IAPAR

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332012000500004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (spe) ◽

pp. 25-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Vânia Moda-Cirino ◽

Antonio Carlos Gerage ◽

Carlos Roberto Riede ◽

Gustavo Hiroshi Sera ◽

Mário Takahashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Plant Breeding Program ◽

Life Improvement ◽

Technological Quality ◽

High Yield Potential

The plant breeding program at IAPAR started in 1972, soon after its foundation, and has as main objective the development of superior cultivars with high yield potential, genetic resistance to major biotic and abiotic adverse factors and good nutritional and technological quality. Over these forty years, IAPAR has made available to farmers 184 cultivars of different species, resulting in an increase in the productivity, greater availability of food, decrease in environmental impacts, addition of value to agricultural properties and life improvement of farmers and consumers. Thus, the institution fulfills its mission of generating technology, contributing to the development of agriculture in Paraná and in other parts of Brazil, since many of the cultivars developed are used in different regions of the country.

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Adaptation and Resistance to Diseases in Brazil of Putative Sources of Common Bean Resistance to White Mold

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-14-0939-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (8) ◽

pp. 1098-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. S. Lehner ◽

H. Teixeira ◽

T. J. Paula Júnior ◽

R. F. Vieira ◽

R. C. Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Partial Resistance ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Yield Potential ◽

White Mold ◽

High Yield ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Intermediate Resistance ◽

High Yield Potential

Common bean breeding programs for white mold (WM) resistance are in their initial stages in Brazil. Sources of partial resistance to WM are available abroad but their performance in Brazil is unknown. In two greenhouse (straw test) and three field experiments conducted in three districts in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, we evaluated a total of 23 lines with putative WM resistance with the objective to select lines with resistance to WM and other diseases associated with high yield potential. Two field-resistant local lines, two susceptible local cultivars, and two susceptible international lines were also included in the study. In the greenhouse, Cornell 605, A 195, and G122 were among the lines with the highest partial resistance to WM. In the field, these three lines were highly resistant to WM and had intermediate resistance or were resistant to anthracnose, angular leaf spot, rust, and Fusarium wilt. Cornell 605 and A 195 had high-yield potential but G122 yielded 47% less than the local lines under WM pressure. Our results suggest that Cornell 605 and A 195 are the most useful sources of resistance to WM for use in common bean breeding programs in Brazil.

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Speed breeding in pulses: an opportunity to improve the efficiency of breeding programs

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp20462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Federico Cazzola ◽

Carolina Julieta Bermejo ◽

Ileana Gatti ◽

Enrique Cointry

Keyword(s):

Gene Editing ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Human Diet ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Seed Harvest ◽

Reducing Costs ◽

Or Gene ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Pulses form an important component of the human diet, provide animal feed, and replenish soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. However, pulse breeding is a time consuming process. Most of the traditional breeding programs take 10–15 years to release an improved cultivar. In the breeder’s equation, a model of the expected change in a trait in response to selection, cycle time is the most powerful parameter for increasing genetic gain. Shuttle breeding, double haploids and in vitro culture are some of the methodologies that have been developed; however, they have not been able to be implemented efficiently in the breeding programs for pulses. In this context, speed breeding emerges as a technology that allows increased efficiency of the programs, reducing costs and the work required. The technique uses optimal light quality, light intensity, daylength and temperature control to accelerate photosynthesis and flowering, coupled with early seed harvest. It can be integrated with other breeding technologies, does not include transgenesis or gene editing, and is presented as a revolution to increase the efficiency of the programs. We present different advances in pulse breeding programs and propose a speed breeding system for pea (Pisum sativum L.) that includes hybridisations and advancing generations in a growth chamber. This review concludes by highlighting the opportunities and challenges to incorporating speed breeding into pulse breeding programs.

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Yield components of the triticale collection material in the environments of the Middle Amur region

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-41-48 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 (3) ◽

pp. 41-48

Author(s):

K. V. Zenkina ◽

T. A. Aseeva

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Amur Region ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Environmental Resistance ◽

Spring Triticale ◽

High Yield Potential

Background. Development of new highly adaptable triticale cultivars with high yield potential and environmental resistance to adverse factors of the Middle Amur region requires a study of the collection material. One of the priorities of such research is to identify effective sources and donors among triticale accessions according to the main yield components and economically useful traits.Materials and methods. The material was represented by spring triticale cultivars from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR).Results. The following cultivars were identified as promising breeding sources: ‘AC Certa’, ‘Lana’, ‘Zolotoy Grebeshok’ and ‘Ulyana’ for their optimal yield in the Middle Amur region; ‘AC Certa’, ‘Zolotoy Grebeshok’, ‘Mykola’, ‘Korovai Kharkivsky’ and ‘Victoria’ for earliness; ‘Victoria’, ‘Rovnya’, ‘Kobzar’ (Ukraine), ‘Losinovske’, ‘Zgurivsky’ and ‘Sandio’ for plant height; ‘Lotos’, ‘Yarilo’, ‘ZG 186’, ‘Oberig Kharkivsky’, ‘Tleridal’ and ‘Sandio’ for ear length; ‘Lana’, ‘Ulyana’, ‘Lotos, ‘Yarilo’, ‘ZG 186’, ‘Pamyat Merezhko’, ‘Victoria’, ‘Kobzar’, ‘Oberig Kharkivsky’, ‘Tleridal’ and’ Sandio’ for the number of spikelets per ear; ‘AC Certa’, ‘Lana’, ‘Dagvo’, ‘Pamyat Merezhko’ and ‘Kobzar’ for the number of grains per ear; ‘Ukro’, ‘Lotos’, ‘Yarilo’, ‘Rovnya’ and ‘Kobzar’ for grain weight per ear; ‘Ukro’, ‘Skory’ and ‘Rovnya’ for grain size; ‘Ukro’, ‘Skory’ and ‘Rovnya’ protein content in grain; ‘Dagvo’, ‘Kobzar’ and ‘Sandio’ for lysine content in grain; ‘AC Certa’, ‘Lana’, ‘Skory’, ‘Lotus’, ‘Yarilo’, ‘ZG 186’, ‘Pamyat Merezhko’, ‘Victoria’, ‘Rovnya’, ‘Kobzar’, ‘Losinovske’, ‘Zgurivsky’, ‘Oberig Kharkivsky’, ‘Tleridal’ and ‘Sandio’ for resistance to lodging; ‘Lana’, ‘Pamyat Merezhko’, ‘Victoria Zgurivsky’, ‘Oberig Kharkivsky’ and ‘Tleridal’ for disease resistance.Conclusion. The selected accessions can be used in breeding programs of the Middle Amur region and other regions of the country.

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