scholarly journals APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES IN LENTIL (Lens culinaris MEDIK) BREEDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (Issue 2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
C.J. Bermejo ◽  
F. Maglia ◽  
T. Palacios ◽  
M.A. Espósito ◽  
F. Cazzola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Digital Phenotyping ◽  
New Varieties

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a self-pollinating diploid (2n=2x=14) species belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is one of the oldest crops known, with 8,000 to 9,000 years of history and it is among the earliest domesticates from the Near East Fertile Crescent. The seeds have high nutritional value. This crop is an interesting substitute to wheat in cereal rotations but its importance is low due to a lack of suitable varieties with local adaptation. Some of the major problems that Argentinian lentil breeders face are the narrow genetic base of the current cultivated germplasm and its low yield potential. A lentil breeding program was initiated in 2004 to develop new varieties with adaptation to prevalent conditions in growing areas of Argentina. Germplasm was obtained from ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) and local producers. Conventional breeding methods using hybridization and selection are being carried out to develop improved varieties, broad the genetic base, and isolate superior recombinant inbred lines. Two new varieties have been obtained, one of the macrosperm type (Boyerito FCA) and the other of the microsperm type (Tacuarita FCA) through the application of mass selection in F2 populations from the cross of selected materials. This program complements traditional breeding methods with biotechnological techniques such as transgenesis, use of molecular markers, in vitro embryo culture combined with the SSD method to shorten the breeding time, and digital phenotyping. Key words: Lentil, conventional methodologies, in vitro embryo culture, biotechnology techniques, digital phenotyping.

scholarly journals SEED MYCOFLORA OF Lens culinaris MEDDIK. FROM DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS AND IN-VITRO INHIBITION USING PLANT EXTRACTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Chhetri ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata

Nine hundred sixty seeds of lentils (Lens culinaris) from three different storage sources were tested for seed fungi using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Blotter technique. Thirty five different fungi were isolated, PDA method being better than Blotter technique. Seeds from traditional village storage were found to be more infested with fungi than source local market and source Nepal Agricultural Research Centre (NARC). The fungal infestation on seeds from village storage was 49.37%, source NARC was 44.37% and source local market was 30.31%. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium oxysporum were the fungi having higher incidence and frequency. Surface disinfection by 2% NaOCl reduced the fungal incidence and frequency. The aqueous extract of three plants viz, Ageratum houstonianum, Eclipta prostrata and Vitex negundo at 25%, 50% and 100% concentration were assessed in-vitro for antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium funicola and Fusarium oxysporum. Among these fungi, Alternaria alternata was best controlled by Ageratum houstonianum; Aspergillus niger by Eclipta prostrata; Fusarium oxysporum by Vitex negundo and Ageratum houstonianum. The inhibition increased from lower concentration (25%) to higher (100%).ECOPRINT 23: 19-27, 2016

scholarly journals The New Competitive Soybean Varieties Created at Agricultural Research and

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen MUREȘANU ◽  
Raluca MÄ‚RGINEAN
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
White Colour ◽  
Selection Of

The superiority of the next-generation of soybean varieties regarding the majority of the main characteristics among the old soybean varieties created at A.R.D.S. Turda, Romanian soybean varieties from the Official Catalogue of varieties of Agricultural and Vegetables species in Romania and even from the foreign soybean varieties registered in the Catalogue it is obvious. The new soybean varieties Darina TD, Cristina TD and Malina TD are the most recent creations of Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda in the field of soybean breeding. The new cultivars were obtained through individually repeted selection of hybrid population accomplished by crossing the cultivars T93- 8966 x Amurskaja, Zefir x Lena and Amurskaja x Simson. The new varieties are characterized by a growing season adequate to the ecological conditions of the area. Their growing season rank is appropriate with the needs of the area, with a maturity group OO, Darina TD, Cristina TD and Malina TD growing season is 122 days, 124 days and 123 days, respectively. Darina TD has a reddish pubescence easily distinguieshed from the eather soybean varieties whose pubescence is grey. At Cristina TD soybean variety the hilum colour is an important characteristic by which, at maturity, the Cristina TD variety may be distinguished from the rest of A.R.D.S. Turda soybean varieties whose hilum are brown, black and grey. Due to the white colour of flowers, during flowering Malina TD is easily distinguished from the others soybean varietie. A high yield potential as compared to the maturity group to which they belong, very high resistance to lodging, shattering, bacterial blight and mildew. This characteristics and features corroborated with high insertion of the basal pods, ensures suitable conditions for mechanized harvesting. Besides this features, the new soybean varieties have remarkable qualitative traits, high protein and oil content. The characteristics and features of the soybean cultivars Darina TD, Cristina TD and Malina TD created at A..R..D.S. Turda recommend them as the most adequate cultivars for the Transylvania Plain.

scholarly journals In vitro embryo culture to shorten the breeding cycle in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bermejo ◽  
Ileana Gatti ◽  
Enrique Cointry
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Breeding Cycle

Comparative Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea l.) Genotypes on Yield and N Fixation in Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Pod Yield

Recognition of high yielding and nitrogen (N) fixing groundnut genotypes and desegregating them in the cereal-based cropping systems common in savannah regions will enhance food security and reduce the need for high N fertilizers hence, minimize the high cost and associated environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted during the 2015 growing season at the Research Farms of Bayero University Kano (BUK) and Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria to assess the yield potential and Biolog- ical N fixation in 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWAS). The groundnut genotypes and reference Maize crop (SAMMAZ 29) were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. N difference method was used to estimate the amount of N fixed. The parameters determined were the number of nodules, nod- ule dry weight, shoot and root dry weights, pod, and haulm yield as well as N fixation. The nodule dry weight, BNF, haulm, and pod yield were statistically significant (P<0.01) concerning genotype and location. Similarly, their interac- tion effect was also highly significant. ICGV-IS 09926 recorded the highest nod- ule dry weight of 2.07mg /plant across the locations while ICGV-IS 09932 had the highest BNF value of 140.27Kg/ha. Additionally, KAMPALA had the high- est haulm yield, while ICGV-IS 07893 had the highest pod yield across the loca- tions with a significant interaction effect. The result shows that ICGV-IS 07893 and ICGV-IS 09932, as well as ICGV-IS 09994 and SAMNUT – 22, were the best genotypes concerning BNF, haulm and pod yield in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Nigeria respectively with the potential for a corresponding beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Hemostasis by Flavonoids from Lentil Aerial Parts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Jerzy Żuchowski ◽  
Agata Rolnik ◽  
Weronika Adach ◽  
Anna Stochmal ◽  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Scientific Attention

While specific metabolites of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) seeds and their biological activity have been well described, other organs of this plant have attracted little scientific attention. In recent years, green parts of lentils have been shown to contain diverse acylated flavonoids. This work presents the results of the research on the effect of the crude extract, the phenolic fraction, and seven flavonoids obtained from aerial parts of lentils on oxidative damage induced by H2O2/Fe to lipid and protein constituents of human plasma. Another goal was to determine their effect on hemostasis parameters of human plasma in vitro. Most of the purified lentil flavonoids had antioxidant and anticoagulant properties. The crude extract and the phenolic fraction of lentil aerial parts showed antioxidant activity, only at the highest tested concentration (50 μg/mL). Our results indicate that aerial parts of lentils may be recommended as a source of bioactive substances.

scholarly journals Genotype and environment interaction of sweetpotato varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-512
Author(s):  
S Sultana ◽  
HC Mohanta ◽  
Z Alam ◽  
S Naznin ◽  
S Begum
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Main Effect

The article presents results of additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype (G) main effect and genotype by environment (GE) interaction (G × GE) biplot analysis of a multi environmental trial (MET) data of 15 sweetpotato varieties released from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute conducted during 2015–2018. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction on tuber yield and to identify stable sweetpotato genotypes over the years. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with three replications at Gazipur location. Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the main effects due to genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interaction were highly significant. The contribution of genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interaction to the total variation in tuber yield was about 60.16, 10.72 and 12.82%, respectively. The first two principal components obtained by singular value decomposition of the centred data of yield accounted for 100% of the total variability caused by G × GE. Out of these variations, PC1 and PC2 accounted for 71.5% and 28.5% of variability, respectively. The study results identified BARI Mistialu- 5, BARI Mistialu- 14 and BARI Mistialu- 15 as the closest to the “ideal” genotype in terms of yield potential and stability. Varieties ‘BARI Mistialu- 8, BARI Mistialu- 11 and BARI Mistialu- 12’ were also selected as superior genotypes. BARI Mistialu- 3 and BARI Mistialu- 13 was comparatively low yielder but was stable over the environment. Among them BARI Mistialu-12, BARI Mistialu-14 and BARI Mistialu-15 are rich in nutrient content while BARI Mistialu-8 and BARI Mistialu-11 are the best with dry matter content and organoleptic taste. Environments representing in 1st and 3rd year with comparatively short vectors had a low discriminating power and environment in 2nd year was characterized by a high discriminating power. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 501-512, September 2019

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Landraces for Improving Tolerance to Drought, Heat, and Both Combined Stresses in Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nelimor ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Antonia Yarney Tetteh ◽  
Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’guetta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Landrace Accessions

Maize landrace accessions constitute an invaluable gene pool of unexplored alleles that can be harnessed to mitigate the challenges of the narrowing genetic base, declined genetic gains, and reduced resilience to abiotic stress in modern varieties developed from repeated recycling of few superior breeding lines. The objective of this study was to identify extra-early maize landraces that express tolerance to drought and/or heat stress and maintain high grain yield (GY) with other desirable agronomic/morpho-physiological traits. Field experiments were carried out over two years on 66 extra-early maturing maize landraces and six drought and/or heat-tolerant populations under drought stress (DS), heat stress (HS), combined both stresses (DSHS), and non-stress (NS) conditions as a control. Wide variations were observed across the accessions for measured traits under each stress, demonstrating the existence of substantial natural variation for tolerance to the abiotic stresses in the maize accessions. Performance under DS was predictive of yield potential under DSHS, but tolerance to HS was independent of tolerance to DS and DSHS. The accessions displayed greater tolerance to HS (23% yield loss) relative to DS (49% yield loss) and DSHS (yield loss = 58%). Accessions TZm-1162, TZm-1167, TZm-1472, and TZm-1508 showed particularly good adaptation to the three stresses. These landrace accessions should be further explored to identify the genes underlying their high tolerance and they could be exploited in maize breeding as a resource for broadening the genetic base and increasing the abiotic stress resilience of elite maize varieties.

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