scholarly journals PENETAPAN BIAYA PRODUKSI TAYANGAN IKLAN DI MADU TV BIRO BLITAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Agustyas Retno Hernani ◽  
Endah Masrunik
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Production costs are costs contained in a product or service, so the costs incurred must be able to be identified and calculated correctly, so that the total production costs incurred are truly accurate. The purpose of this study is to find out what costs are contained in the determination of production costs for an advertisement and how to calculate them. The method used is descriptive qualitative, where data is collected by interview and observation method and then draws a conclusion from the results of these interviews and observations. The results of this study indicate that the production costs incurred for an advertisement are determined by the bureau which consists of equipment rental costs and crew costs or salaries (excluding basic salaries) then the amount is calculated and added with transportation costs

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF PROFIT FUNCTION OF WHEAT CROP IN DHI QAR PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbaz &et al.
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Profit Function ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
White Test

This research aims to study the most important factors affecting profit function. Cross sectional data were used in the light of a random sample of 130 farmers in Dhi Qar province. The results showed that the proportion of costs of production inputs amounted to 73% of the total production costs. Also, profit function showed that the amount of output has a significant impact on profit compared to other independent variables since value of the parameter of the quantity of production amounted to about 308879 and was significant at the level of 1% according to t-test. The coefficient determination of about 93% for the equation estimated with OLS. However, heteroscedasticity was obvious according to the White Test. So the model was estimated using robust regression method to avoid this problem, but that led to a decrease in R2 to about 69%. The research recommended the need to increase the rates of production growth and productivity through an organized agricultural economic policy that links the policy of supporting input requirements, both in terms of reducing prices or providing quantity and quality, especially fertilizers and seeds in conjunction with the policy of supporting prices of output. Also, research recommended encouraging farmers to expand wheat crop cultivation in the province of Dhi Qar by increasing the cultivated areas.

scholarly journals Overhead Allocations In Highly Automated Production Processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ralph B. Fritzsch ◽  
Walter J. Berend
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Product Cost ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Current Process ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Capital Intensive

The capital intensive nature of automated production processes has increased the proportion of total production costs which are classified as overhead. The increasing importance of overhead costs makes their treatment a central issue in the determination of product cost. This article examines current methods of changing overhead costs to product and suggests possible improvements in the current process.

High-Speed Apparatus for Determination of Plasticity in Rubber Works and Some Results

1939 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Process ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Heavy Machinery ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Molecules ◽  
Rubber Stock

Abstract Since the day that Hancock invented his wooden masticator, plasticizing has been one of the outstanding features of the rubber industry. Although the application of rubber in the form of latex, thus avoiding the process of mechanical softening, is increasing, this does not imply that the use of heavy machinery for plasticizing coagulated rubber is lessening. It is now commonly accepted that plasticizing or mastication of rubber is a chemical process, occurring under combined mechanical and chemical (oxygen) influences and resulting in a diminishing of the length of the hydrocarbon molecules. This breakdown of rubber is of great technical importance, because the plasticity of rubber stock determines its workability. The degree of plasticizing or breakdown, especially when mastication has been prolonged, has also some effect on mechanical and aging properties after the plasticizing has been counterbalanced by the action of vulcanization. It follows from the foregoing that control of plasticity during fabrication is of great interest from a technological standpoint. From the standpoint of works economy the problem is not less urgent, because energy used by internal mixers and mixing rollers as well as extra costs resulting from wrong plasticity in calendering and moulding are of importance in total production costs.

scholarly journals Penetapan Harga Pokok Produksi Dengan Metode Full Costing Sebagai Dasar Penentuan Harga Jual Kain Tenun Songket Melayu

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-270
Author(s):  
Dariana Dariana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Songket Melayu weaving craftsmen in determining the cost of production as the basis for determining the selling price are still inaccurate because they are based on estimates and have not classified costs in the calculation of the cost of production. This study aims to assist in determining the cost of goods manufactured as a basis for determining the selling price using the full costing method. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The results of this study indicate the difference in the cost of production between the weaving craftsmen's calculations with the full costing method. The result of the calculation of the cost of production according to the weaving craftsman is IDR 483,333.33 per piece, while the full costing method is IDR 528,833.00 per piece. The difference in production costs is IDR 45,500.00 lower than using the full costing method. The determination of the selling price of the product is based on the cost of goods sold per piece of woven fabric plus the desired profit of the company of 35% in order to cover the production costs that have been incurred. The result of the calculation of the selling price according to the weaving craftsman is IDR 113,925.00 per piece lower than using the full costing method.

Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
South Sulawesi

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    

MINIMALISASI BIAYA SIMPAN DAN BIAYA SETUP PADA MULTIPLE PRODUK: SIMULASI DENGAN CAPACITATED LOT SIZING PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Erika Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Product Cycle ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
Lot Sizing Problem ◽  
Capacitated Lot Sizing

Lot sizing problem in production planning aims to optimize production costs (processing, setup and holding cost) by fulfilling demand and resources capacity costraint. The Capacitated Lot sizing Problem (CLSP) model aims to balance the setup costs and inventory costs to obtain optimal total costs. The object of this study was a plastic component manufacturing company. This study use CLSP model, considering process costs, holding costs and setup costs, by calculating product cycle and setup time. The constraint of this model is the production time capacity and the storage capacity of the finished product. CLSP can reduce the total production cost by 4.05% and can reduce setup time by 46.75%.  Keyword: Lot size, CLSP, Total production cost.

Lexical Variation of Sasak Kuto-Kute Dialect in North Lombok District

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Gita Sarwadi ◽  
Mahsun Mahsun ◽  
Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Lexical Variation ◽  
The People ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Village ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<p>Despite Sasak community in five sub-districts of North Lombok uses the same dialect, namely kuto-Kute Dialect (BSDK), the people within those sub-districts demonstrate different lexicals to express the same meaning. The purpose of this study is to describe the lexicals variations in Kuto-Kute Dialect used by the community in North Lombok. This study used a descriptive-qualitative method. The data was taken by using observation and conversational method. Observation method was applied by observing the language used by communities within the observation spots in the village, while conversational method was used by having conversations with the informants from the observed villages. The data was analysed by using referential identity and distributional methods. The result of the analysis showed that Sasak Kuto-Kute dialect in certain gloss has lexical variations they are glosses having two lexical variation and three lexical variations.</p>

Capacity Planning for Cluster Tools of Wafer Fabrication Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 365-368
Author(s):  
James C. Chen ◽  
Chia Wen Chen ◽  
Kou Huang Chen ◽  
Chien Hsin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wafer Fabrication ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Output Rate ◽  
Cluster Tools ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Capital Intensive

Wafer fabrication is a capital intensive industry. A 12-inch wafer fabrication plant needs a typical investment of US$ 3 billion, and the equipment cost constitutes about two-thirds to three-quarters of the total production costs. Therefore, capacity planning is crucial to the investment and performance of wafer fabrication plants. Several formulae are presented to calculate the required number of machines with sequential, parallel, and batch processing characteristics, respectively. An AutoSched AP simulation model using data from real foundry fabrication plants is used in a case study to evaluate the performance of the proposed formulae. Simulation results indicate that the proposed formulae can quickly and accurately calculate the required number of cluster tools leading to the required monthly output rate.

Evaluation Of Filter Cake Oil As Antifoam In Yeast Production. New Use For This By-Product Of The Sugarcane Derivatives Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira Pérez Bermúdez ◽  
Arletis Cruz Llerena ◽  
Keyla Tortoló Cabañas ◽  
Manuel Díaz de los Ríos ◽  
Miguel Ángel Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Knockdown Effect ◽  
Fodder Yeast ◽  
Effective Product

Abstract Purpuse: Fodder yeast is obtained in an aerobic fermentation process where foaming is a major problem to be solved. In this article, the antifoam property of crude and purified filter cake oil is evaluated in order to use this residual as an alternative to replace the import of commercial antifoam agents and to reduce the production costs of fodder yeastMethod: Knock down test and the comparisons with two commercial antifoam agents were done. Blackstrap molasses medium at 20 and 40 g/L of total reducing sugar was used. All products were studied in their pure form and commercial ones also in dilutions 1:2 and 1:5 v/v. Hansen's solubility parameters (HSPs) to analyze the affinity of each defoamer for yeast were determined.Results: It was obtained the crude and purified filter cake oil showed similar behavior to commercial defoamers with an immediate antifoam effect, removing between 40 and 60% of the initial foam at both sugar concentrations in the first 5 minutes. The regression model showed purified filter cake oil has the greatest knockdown effect (Ca = 55.85 and 74.32) and with greater foam suppression stability the commercial defoamer Quimifoam Máster (Cb = -0.69 and -1.38). Ra values obtained in HSPs test, indicated the affinity of defoamers to the medium. Conclusion: Purified filter cake oil is an effective product for its use as an antifoam with the best knock down effect for both concentrations of sugars in the medium. The determination of HSPs corroborates the effectiveness of this product to suppress foam.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN MENCERMATI TOKOH-TOKOH YANG TERDAPAT PADA TEKS FIKSI SISWA SD MELALUI MODEL SQ3R

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Riyadhotul Mahmudah ◽  
Alfi Laila ◽  
Novi Nitya Santi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Language Class ◽  
Basic Competencies ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Class Iv ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This article aims to describe: the implementation of the SQ3R model to the ability to examine the characters contained in fiction texts in grade IV students of SDN Ganung Kidul 1 Nganjuk in the 2019/2020 Academic Year. This article is an descriptive qualitative research carried out through five stages, namely: (1) data collection; (2) determination of the sample; (3) recording data; (4) reduction; and (5) drawing conclusions. Data sources in this article are journals and books relating to the learning of the SQ3R model on learning to examine the characters contained in fiction texts. These data provide an overview of the application of the SQ3R model on the ability to examine the characters contained in fictional texts. Furthermore, the object of the research is the learning model SQ3R with a subject of 22 students. The conclusion of the article shows that: this SQ3R model is very good to be applied to the basic competencies of Indonesian language class IV semester II, namely the ability to examine the characters contained in fiction texts.

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