scholarly journals Non-conventional textile structures with technical destination, designed and developed at S.C. Cora Trading & Service S.R.L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (01) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
GROSU MARIAN-CATALIN ◽  
ALEXAN ALEXANDRU
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
New Buildings

Wool fibers are a natural, renewable, sustainable, low impact on the environment, with huge potential for humanity. Given the exponential growth of the Earth’s population, raw materials are getting less and less, a business based on the processing of renewable raw materials, especially wool fibers, has a high chance of survival and development. Romania, with an overwhelming agrarian economy, has a population of nearly 10 million sheep and a production of over 16,000 tons of medium and coarse wool. Given the need to set minimum energy performance requirements for new buildings and for the major renovation of existing ones at European Union level, the development of new materials and technologies is necessary, so that the opportunity to capitalize on wool for buildings be a workable item on long term. This paper presents the experimental results of the characteristics of 4 non-conventional textile structures (UTS) made of 100% wool fibers, designed and developed at S.C. Cora Trading & Service SRL, on their existing adapted technology. The fibrous blend used, consisting of both tanning wool and coarse shared wool allow development of innovative structures, with potential of use for their thermal insulation capacity and great potential of sustainable development of the manufacturer.

scholarly journals Accelerating Energy Renovation Solution for Zero Energy Buildings and Neighbourhoods—The Experience of the RenoZEB Project

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Vavallo ◽  
Marco Arnesano ◽  
Gian Marco Revel ◽  
Asier Mediavilla ◽  
Ane Ferreiro Sistiaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
European Level ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
A Value ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
New Buildings

Buildings are the key factor to transform cities and to contribute to recent European energy efficiency objectives for 2030 and long-term 2050. New buildings account to only 1–2% annually. Yet, ninety percent of the existing building stock in Europe was built before 1990, it is therefore necessary to promote their energy renovation to achieve the set objectives. Renovation solutions are available on the market, yet a wrong implementation and integration due to a lack of knowledge neither maximizes the energy performance of the post-retrofitting nor the financial optimisation and viability of the projects. This paper presents research on a plug & play, modular, easy installable façade and ICT decision making technologies to provide affordable solutions in order to overcome those deep renovation barriers. The paper sets out by defining a value framework that can be applied by real estate investors for making better retrofitting decisions for residential buildings, through mapping targeted building typologies and investigating new building revalorisation strategies, new renovation concepts and KPIs for evaluation. Thereafter the paper presents the modular and easy-to-install façade system that is replicable and scalable at European level.

Effect of surfactant - assisted enzymatic treatment on the structure and specific properties of wool fibre

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2918-2921
Author(s):  
Irina Chican ◽  
Dana Varasteanu ◽  
Loti Cornelia Oproiu ◽  
Sanda Maria Doncea ◽  
Marian Deaconu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Fiber Process ◽  
Surfactant Assisted ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study is to perform an enzymatic treatment on wool fibers in the presence of a mild detergent containing surfactants obtained from renewable raw materials, in order to obtain a reduction in the felting of wool fibers. This treatment is designed to replace the classic wool fiber process using chlorine compounds, aggressive to people and the environment. FTIR spectroscopy has demonstrated the effect of enzymes by breaking down bonds from the functional groups characteristic of the keratin protein of wool. Determination of relaxation shrinkage and felting shrinkage allowed the selection of the samples that led to a minimal felting phenomenon.

scholarly journals Cost-efficient Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Erhorn-Kluttig ◽  
Hans Erhorn ◽  
Micha Illner
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Solution Sets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Buildings

The next level of energy performance of new buildings within the European Union will be the Nearly Zero-Energy Building (NZEB). A lot of work has been spent on pilot and demonstration buildings on this and also even higher energy performance levels throughout all EU countries. However, most of the high performance buildings realised so far result in higher investment costs when compared to the current national minimum energy performance requirements. The considerably higher investment costs are one of the main barriers to the early application of the NZEB-level in Europe. The EU H2020 project CoNZEBs works on technical solution sets that result in lower investment costs for NZEBs, bringing the costs close to those of conventional new buildings. The focus is on multi-family houses. In each of the four participating countries Germany, Denmark, Italy and Slovenia a team of researchers is analysing which sets of marketready technologies at the building envelope, the services systems for heating, domestic hot water, ventilation and cooling (where required) in combination with renewable energy systems can fulfil the NZEB requirements at lower costs than those incurred by the national mainstream NZEB application. Additional efforts are being spent on the life-cycle costs and the life-cycle analysis of the solution sets, as well as on the impact of future developments of primary energy factors, energy costs and technology efficiencies.

Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings: Optimal Cost of Minimum Energy Requirements

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1564-1571
Author(s):  
Radmila Sinđić Grebović ◽  
Yulija Zolotova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Optimal Cost ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Lifetime Costs ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD, 2010/31/EU) requires Member States to introduce minimum energy performance requirements for buildings, and set these requirements based on a cost-optimal methodology. This methodology introduces the prerequisite to consider the global lifetime costs of buildings to shape their future energy performance requirements. Methodology predicts that, beside the investment costs, the operational, maintenance, disposal and energy saving costs of buildings should be taken into account.This paper discusses the use methodology related to nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB) requirements.

Hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose in glycol solutions over CuO-MgO-ZrO2 catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
M.E. Sharanda ◽  
◽  
E.A. Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
High Partial Pressure ◽  
Zro2 Catalyst ◽  
Phase Process

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are important representatives of polyols. On an industrial scale, they are obtained from petrochemical raw materials. Within a decade, significant efforts were made for the producing of polyols from biologically renewable raw materials - carbohydrates. The general trend for carbohydrate hydrogenolysis includes application of liquid-phase process with the use of modified metal-oxide catalysts, at 120-120 ° C and pressure of 3MPa or above. So high pressure is used for the reason to increase hydrogen solubility, and also due to the high partial pressure of low boiling solvents. We supposed that usage of high boiling solvents could allow hydrogenolysis to be performed at the lower pressure. Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are of particular interest as such kind of solvent since they are both the main products of glucose hydrogenolysis. In this work, the process of hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose over Cu / MgO-ZrO2 catalyst have been studied at temperature range of 160-200 °C and a pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa in a flow reactor. The solvents were simultaneously the target products of the reaction - ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol. Gas chromatography and 13C NMR were used for the reaction products identification. It was found that the solubility of glucose in propylene glycol is 21 % by weight, and in ethylene glycol 62% by weight. It was pointed out that the process of hydrogenolysis can take place at a pressure close to atmospheric. Under these conditions, the conversion of hexoses reaches 96-100 %. The reaction products are preferably propylene glycol and ethylene glycol. The total selectivity for C3-2 polyols is 90-94 %, that is higher than in the hydrogenolysis of glucose in aqueous solution.

NEW VARIETIES OF FRUIT AND BERRIES IN SELECTION OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR NATURAL FOOD PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
N. S. Levgerova ◽  
Е. S. Salina ◽  
I. А. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Processed Products

The results of the technological assessment of new apple, cherry, black currant, red currant and gooseberry cultivars of VNIISPK breeding for the suitability for the natural food production are given. As a result, the cultivars that are promising for cultivation in raw plantings have been selected. For the production of raw materials in the juice industry, apple cultivars with a high juice yield and content of soluble solids higher than 10.0% were selected: ‘Bolotovskoye’ (Vf), ‘Candil Orlovsky’ (Vf), ‘Osipovskoye’ (3x), ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ ((Vf + 3x), ‘Zaryanka’ (Vm), ‘Priokskoye’ ((Vf + Co), etc. Based on the long-term study of cultivars for their suitability for compote, jam and jelly, the cultivars that are most suitable for these types of processing are identified. It has been found that taking into account the daily needs of vitamins C and P as the most important antioxidants, all processed products from black currant can serve as their sources, all processed products from cherries, as well as apple juice and gooseberry marmalade can serve as a source of P-active compounds. All columnar apple cultivars as well as ‘Bolotovskoye’, ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’, ‘Veteran’, ‘Imrus’, etc. show high suitability for the production of apple chips. Cherry cultivars ‘Rovesnitsa’, ‘Putinka’, ‘Podarok Uchitelyam’ and ‘Novella’ are suitable for dried fruit. Based on the long-term studies of the technological qualities of the VNIISPK gene pool, a new generation assortment has been formed that has an optimal combination of chemical and technological indicators of fruits that meet modern technological requirements and are suitable for cultivation in the raw plantations of Central Russia.

The Economics of Commodities and Commodity Markets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Ielpo
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Spot Prices ◽  
Supply Shocks ◽  
The Business Cycle

This chapter covers the economic fundamentals of commodity markets (i.e., what shapes the evolution of the price of raw materials) in three steps. First, it covers the theories explaining why the futures curve can be upward or downward sloping, an essential element for commodity producing companies. The evolution of inventories and hedging pressures are the two dominant sources of explanation. Second, the chapter reviews the fundamentals of commodity spot prices: technologies, supply, demand, and speculation. Production costs draw the long-term evolution of prices, but demand and supply shocks can trigger substantial variations in commodity prices. Third, the chapter presents how commodity prices interact with the business cycle. Commodities are influenced by the world activity but can also have a material impact on it.

Optimisation of long-term quarry production scheduling under geological uncertainty to supply raw materials to a cement plant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Trong Vu ◽  
Tran Bao ◽  
Carsten Drebenstedt ◽  
Hien Pham ◽  
Hoai Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Scheduling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Geological Uncertainty

scholarly journals Energy Rating of Buildings to Promote Energy-Conscious Design in Israel

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Abraham Yezioro ◽  
Isaac Guedi Capeluto
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
New Buildings

Improving the energy efficiency of existing and new buildings is an important step towards achieving more sustainable environments. There are various methods for grading buildings that are required according to regulations in different places for green building certification. However, in new buildings, these rating systems are usually implemented at late design stages due to their complexity and lack of integration in the architectural design process, thus limiting the available options for improving their performance. In this paper, the model ENERGYui used for design and rating buildings in Israel is presented. One of its main advantages is that it can be used at any design stage, including the early ones. It requires information that is available at each stage only, as the additional necessary information is supplemented by the model. In this way, architects can design buildings in a way where they are aware of each design decision and its impact on their energy performance, while testing different design directions. ENERGYui rates the energy performance of each basic unit, as well as the entire building. The use of the model is demonstrated in two different scenarios: an office building in which basic architectural features such as form and orientation are tested from the very beginning, and a residential building in which the intervention focuses on its envelope, highlighting the possibilities of improving their design during the whole design process.

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