scholarly journals Split Air Conditioners and their role in Airborne Infection Spread: Short Communication/Research Note

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Singh
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Airborne Disease

As the World Health Organization denies COVID 19 being airborne in nature, there is some research done by the scientific community which differs in this approach. As prevention is always better than cure, it is always safe to give the benefit of doubt to prevention. Even as more data begins to be available regarding COVID, there is proven spread of airborne disease like tuberculosis being transmitted by this route. As the summer months approach, there will be increased use of Air Conditioners in the tropical regions of the world. India, too being in this part of the world sees an active rise in the indoors which are being air conditioned to meet the thermal comfort requirements of the rising urban population which is spending a large chunk of time indoors. This is coupled with the enforced lockdown which encourages people to stay indoors to prevent the spread of infection. In such situations the use of Split air conditioner requires rethinking as they re-circulate the indoor air without any Fresh air supply into the room. To reduce heat gain and save the electric load of the Split AC, people tend to seal the windows further. This requires some rethought by professionals.

scholarly journals Rethinking Use of Individual Room Air-conditioners in View of COVID 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Raja Singh ◽  
Anil Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Past Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Infection Spread

As the World Health Organization is examining the airborne nature of COVID 19, there is past research on other airborne infections which set all encompassing guidelines. Even as more data begins to be available regarding COVID, there is proven spread of airborne disease like tuberculosis being transmitted by this route. As the summer months approach, there is an increased use of Air Conditioners in the tropical regions of the world. India, too being in this part of the world sees an active rise in the indoors which are being air conditioned to meet the thermal comfort requirements of the rising urban population which is spending a large chunk of time indoors. This is coupled with the enforced lockdown which encourages people to stay indoors to prevent the spread of infection. In such situations the use of Room air conditioner requires rethinking as they re-circulate the indoor air without any Fresh air supply into the room. To reduce heat gain and save the electric load of the room AC, people tend to seal the windows further. This paper looks at many possible ways of finding out infection spread in spaces and one of them is used to find out the probability of airborne infection spread in a typical public space. An experiment to validate the same has been conducted in a classroom setup with results analysed. Increased ventilation has been demonstrated to show a lesser probability of infection spread.

viewpoint TIME TO RESTART: PROTOCOL OF RESUMPTION OF ACTIVITIES OF A DERMATOLOGICAL CLINIC OF A LEVEL II HOSPITAL IN THE COVID-19 ERA. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Diotallevi ◽  
Anna Campanati ◽  
Giulia Radi ◽  
Oriana Simonetti ◽  
Emanuela Martina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
Medical And Healthcare

UNSTRUCTURED Two months have passed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus, on March 11, 2020. Medical and healthcare workers have continued to be on the frontline to defeat this disease, however, continual changes are being made to their working habits which are proving to be difficult. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a major reorganisation of all hospital wards, including dermatological wards, has been carried out in order to make medical and nursing staff available in COVID wards and to prevent the spread of infection. These strategies, which were also adopted in our clinic, proved to be effective, as no staff members or patients were infected by the virus. Now, thanks to the global decrease in SARS-CovV2 infections, it is necessary to make dermatological wards accessible to patients again, but it is also essential to adopt specific protocols to avoid a new wave of infections.

ARIMA model for forecasting COVID-19 Death cases in India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeya Sutha M
Keyword(s):  
Arima Model ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Death Cases

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of July 25, 2020; 15,947,292 laboratory-confirmed and 642,814 deaths have been reported globally. India has reported 1,338,928 confirmed cases and 31,412 deaths till date. This paper presents different aspects of COVID-19, visualization of the spread of infection and presents the ARIMA model for forecasting the status of COVID-19 death cases in the next 50 days in order to take necessary precaution by the Government to save the people.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE SPECIFIC CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TO THE SPREAD OF COVIND-19 VIRUS IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
S.A. Yeprintsev ◽  
◽  
O.V. Klepikov ◽  
S.V. Shekoyan ◽  
E.V. Zhigulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Specific Contribution

The spread of the dangerous Covid-19 infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus since the end of 2019 has become a great challenge to both the world and Russian society. For example, on January 30, 2020, the world health organization recognized the spread of a new infection as a public health emergency of international significance. On March 11, 2020, the same organization declared that the outbreak had become a pandemic. currently, the role of social and environmental factors (which determine the spread of many environmentally-related diseases) in the spread of coronavirus infection in the population has not been fully studied. The spread of Covid-19 infection in Russia can be divided into 3 stages. Stage 1 (31.01.2020–01.04.2020) – primary distribution. At this stage, the infection occurred mainly to Russian citizens visiting other countries. Stage 2 (1.04.2020– 12.05.2020) – active distribution within the country. By the end of this stage, the maximum spread of infection is recorded. Stage 3 (12.05.2020-present) – gradual decline in the appearance of new cases of coronavirus infection. To assess the specific contribution of socio-environmental conditions to the spread of coronavirus infection, data from the Federal information Fund for social and hygienic monitoring of the Federal CENTER for hygiene and epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor were analyzed on indicators of financial security of citizens, quality of health care and sanitary and hygienic conditions. Research has shown that financial security of the population makes a significant contribution to the spread of infection at the first stages. The specific contribution of the quality of medical care, which has a wide differentiation within the regions of Russia, affects only the third stage of the spread of coronavirus infection. Environmental and hygiene indicators make a weak contribution to the spread of Covid-19 in all three stages of the epidemic.

A Review on Covid 19 Pandemic and its Global Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-246
Author(s):  
Kandra Naga Vishnu ◽  
Praveen Kumar Uppala ◽  
Yakaiah Vangoori ◽  
Siva Naga Koteswara Rao Gudhanti
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Malaria Epidemic ◽  
Health Organization

The novel Corona Virus Disease popularly known as COVID-19 brought all sectors to a temporary standstill since its first outbreak in Wuhan China in 2019. The rapid spread of this disease to all countries of the world made it to be declared a pandemic by the world health organization in the first quarter of the year 2020. This pandemic exposed the world population to the understanding of immunity since that was the only remedy at present to this new pandemic. The morbidity and mortality of this new virus were estimated across the globe by many institutions and organizations. The tropical regions where malaria epidemic is more pronounced is less affected by COVID-19 probably due to high immunity already developed by the population as a result of frequent malaria disease and regular use of anti-malarial drug.

scholarly journals Global Pandemicity of COVID-19: Situation Report as of June 9, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863372199126
Author(s):  
Adekunle Sanyaolu ◽  
Chuku Okorie ◽  
Zaheeda Hosein ◽  
Risha Patidar ◽  
Priyank Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Hospital Systems ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection

A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019. This cluster quickly spread across the globe and led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. It’s sudden emergence, ceaseless human-to-human transmission, and rapid spread has led to continuous pandemicity. As of June 9, 2020, there were 7 039 918 confirmed cases and 404 396 deaths globally. The rate of spread of COVID-19 is affected through respiratory droplets, most commonly when infected individuals cough or talk. The virus is released through respiratory secretions that infect individuals once contact with mucous membranes is made directly or indirectly. Our research was conducted via an electronic literature review on PubMed, Google Scholar, and MedLine Plus. Data were then collected from peer-reviewed articles that included applicable keywords and published between January 1, 2020, and June 9, 2020. This article highlights the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide and indicates a higher number of mortalities in the elderly and those with comorbidities. As the number of cases increases, an immediate need to “flatten the curve” is essential to avoid catastrophic overwhelming of hospital systems across the affected countries. To do so, there is an emphasis on detection, testing, isolating the infected, and organizing the healthcare response to the virus. The rapid spread of infection has impacted over 200 countries and territories to date. This report takes a closer look at the cases, fatalities, and recoveries in different regions of the world with details regarding the geographic scale of SARS-CoV-2 spread, risks, and the subsequent impact on the countries affected. Also, this report discusses some effective measures that were carried out by some countries that helped them to mitigate the pandemic and flatten the curve of COVID-19 spread as early as possible.

scholarly journals Covid - 19: Morbidity Structure and Control Measures in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Lapina Elizaveta Yurievna ◽  
Puzyrev Viktor Gennadievich
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection

are important, and used to be well known, human and animal pathogens.A novel coronavirus was identified at the end of 2019, as the cause of a number of pneumonia cases in city in the Hubei Province of China, Wuhan. Appeared to be a highly contagious anthroponotic infection. It rapidly caused an epidemic throughout China, hereafter an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. All age groups, including children, are susceptible to the virus, but this age group is more likely to be asymptomatic. However, children may play a great epidemiological role in the spread of the virus with the absence of clinical signs of respiratory disease. Elderly people are the most severe carriers of the virus, as well as people with concomitant diseases. In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated the disease COVID-19, which stands for coronavirus disease 2019 [4]. The virus that causes COVID-19 is designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); before, it was referred to as 2019-nCoV. We conducted meta-analysis of currently available data to summarize knowledge about the current epidemic in Russia, the dynamic of spread of the infection and management of the disease. Quarantine measures, which were carried out rather quickly, avoided the rapid spread of infection and thus contributed to a gradual increase in the load on medical facilities. As a result, most hospitals had time to prepare for an increased number of patients with coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals 446. COVID 19 Pandemicity: a global situation report as of June 9, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S291-S291
Author(s):  
Adekunlle Sanyaolu ◽  
Chuku Okorie ◽  
Zaheeda Hosein ◽  
Risha Patidar ◽  
Priyank Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
African Region ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Hospital Systems ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) declared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This report takes a closer look at the cases, fatalities, and recoveries in different regions of the world with details regarding the geographic scale of SARS-CoV-2 spread, risks, and the subsequent impact on the countries affected. Also, this report discusses some effective measures that were carried out by some countries that helped them to mitigate the pandemic and flatten the curve of COVID-19 spread as early as possible. Methods Our research was conducted via an electronic literature review on PubMed, Google Scholar, and MedLine Plus. Data were then collected from peer-reviewed articles that included applicable keywords and published between January 1, 2020, and June 9, 2020 Results The rapid spread of infection has impacted over 200 countries and territories to date. As of June 9, 2020, there were 7,039,918 confirmed cases and 404,396 deaths globally. The USA is the North American country with the highest number of confirmed COVID 19 cases with 1,993,560. In South America, total confirmed cases in Brazil are 691,758. The most affected country in the African region is South Africa with 50,879. In Europe, the Russian Federation top with 485,253 confirmed cases. China with 84,638 is still the Western Pacific country with the most confirmed COVID 19 cases. India had 266,598 total confirmed cases and Australia reported 7,265 confirmed cases. Fatalities recorded similar patterns regionally except in Europe where the UK recorded the highest number of fatalities with 40,597 deaths and Iran had the highest number of fatalities with 5,957 cases in Asia. The goal of the practice “slowing the spread” is to prevent hospital systems from being strained beyond their capacity, thus resulting in less mortality. Countries yet to see the peak would benefit substantially by implementing aggressive social distancing, self-isolation, closure of schools and other institutions, encouraging working from home, and/or placing hard limits on the size of crowds at events. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally, as of June 9, 2020. Confirmed fatalities due to COVID-19 globally, as of June 9, 2020. Conclusion As the number of cases increases, an immediate need to “flatten the curve” is essential to avoid catastrophic overwhelming of hospital systems across the affected countries. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Contact Tracing and Quarantine for Covid 19: Challenges in community surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2 (Supp)) ◽  
pp. 306-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giriyanna Gowda ◽  
Ramesh Holla ◽  
Balaji Ramraj ◽  
Kishore Shettihalli Gudegowda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Covid 19 caused by SARS-coV-2 is a novel corona virus. This began in Wuhan city, China at the end of December 2019 and had spread to the rest of the world. World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid 19 as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30th Jan 2020 and later declared as pandemic on 11th march 2020. 1 The disease is mainly spread from human to human through small droplets from nose or mouth when a person with Covid 19 coughs or exhales and through the surface contact. Community surveillance plays significant role in prevention of spread of disease. It includes isolation of the positive case, quarantine of the high risk and low risk contacts and community disinfection.1, 2             The period of communicability is estimated with the current data to be from 2 days before the onset of symptoms and up to 2 weeks after onset. Hence the initial few asymptomatic days turns out to be crucial period in containing the spread of infection. By the time a Covid 19 patient is diagnosed and isolated, there are quite a number of primary and secondary contacts. Government of India focus has been on Community Surveillance activities which mainly comprises of Contact Tracing and Quarantine.3, 4 This article focuses on the various measures taken to trace the contacts, quarantine measures and on the challenges faced.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES OF STAY-AT-HOME POLICY IMPLEMENTATION DURING THE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Febri Endra Budi Setyawan ◽  
Retno Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Implementation Plans ◽  
At Home

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been labelled as a global pandemic disease by the World Health Organization. The number of infections in Indonesia rose significantly to 8211 cases, and 689 coronavirus deaths were reported on April 24th, 2020. We knew that the Indonesian Government has made numerous strategies to control the spread of infection in our community, but implementation plans were limited in addressing the challenges of stay-at-home policy. These challenges may include economic impact due to COVID-19, struggles for work-from-home, and leaders’ ability to influence the society.

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