Восприятие России Турцией (1475–1918)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mahir
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Turkish-Russian relations have been being built for a long period of time. These relations of two neighboring empires were complex and can be characterized as by the chain of wars as well as by good neighborly relations in peacetime. Both formed the image of the neighboring power reflected in the historical records. This article aims the analyses of the Turkish archival documents which let single out the image of the Russian state and its transformation through the different periods of state-to-state relationships. As the basis of the classification for the creating of the overall image of Russia the following categories were assumed: the name of the state, the names for the ethnic groups, the form of address to the governor, the relationship to the ambassadors, border location, wars between two countries, peace treatments, the trade and the general idea about Russia. Correspondingly, the foreword and nine parts describing the above-mentioned categories can be marked out in the work. The records of the Turkish State Archives have served as the source basis for the work. Neither historical publications nor diplomatic correspondence were used in the research.

THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF COLLECTING THE DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE AND CREATING THE STATE ARCHIVAL FUND OF THE USSR IN 1917–1930S

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Nina I. Khimina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Effective Use

The article examines the history of collecting documentary and cultural heritage since 1917 and the participation of archives, museums and libraries in the creation of the Archival Fund of the country. In the 1920s and 1930s, archival institutions were established through the efforts of outstanding representatives of Russian culture. At the same period, the structure and activities of the museums created earlier in the Russian state in the 18th – 19th centuries were improved. The new museums that had been opened in various regions of Russia received rescued archival funds, collections and occasional papers. It is shown that during this period there was a discussion about the differentiation of the concepts of an “archive”, “library” and a “museum”. The present work reveals the difficulties in the interaction between museums, libraries and archives in the process of saving the cultural heritage of the state and arranging archival documents; the article also discusses the problems and complications in the formation of the State Archival Fund of the USSR. During this period, the development of normative and methodological documents regulating the main areas of work on the description and registration of records received by state repositories contributed to a more efficient use and publication of the documents stored in the state archives. It is noted that museums and libraries had problems connected with the description of the archival documents accepted for storage, with record keeping and the creation of the finding aids for them, as well as with the possibilities of effective use of the papers. The documents of the manuscript departments of museums and libraries have become part of the unified archival heritage of Russia and, together with the state archives, they now provide information resources for conducting various kinds of historical research.

Ivan Matyukhin and his detachment in the Tambov rebellion

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Podlesnov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
State Archives ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Military

The relevance of the work is due to the need for a scientific understanding of the phenomenon of peasant rebellion against Soviet power, and the largest of them, the Tambov rebellion, in the year of its centenary, to study motivation as its leaders, one of whom was I.S. Matyukhin and ordinary participants. The purpose of the study is to analyze the personality of Ivan Matyukhin and the soldiers of his detachment, as well as the main military operations in which they participated. When working on the study, such research methods were used as the study of archival data and memoirs, their analysis. The research was based on the data of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, the State Archive of the Social and Political History of the Tambov Region, the Russian State Military Archive, the memoirs of the participants in the events under study, as well as published scientific works. The scientific significance of the study lies in the systematization of in-formation about Ivan Matyukhin’s detachment, the analysis of known archival documents and the introduction of new ones into scientific circulation. In the course of the study, the military operations of the Insurrectionary Army, in which the I.S. Matyukhin regiment took part, are analyzed, and the key role of his unit in especially significant operations was revealed. A social portrait of a member of his detachment is compiled – most often these are peasants, both wealthy and those related to the poor, for the most part who had experience in military operations. We prove the high level of support of the Matyukhin unit among local residents, skillfully organized intelligence and staff work.

scholarly journals Historical and Archival Aspects of Expertise and Attribution of N. K. Roerich’s Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Elena P. Yakovleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
The State ◽  
Central State ◽  
Decorative Art ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Texts ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives

Based on the materials of expert and attribution studies carried out by the author over the years, this article examines the historical and archival documents, evidence and facts used in the course of the examination and attribution of works of easel, theatrical and decorative art of Nicholas Roerich (1874–1947). Also, the author examines the role which documents from the funds of the departments of manuscripts of the State Russian Museum, the State Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian State Archives of Literature and Art, the Central State Archive of Film and Photographic Documents of St Petersburg, and other institutions play in the examination process, which is important for clarifying and studying the artistic heritage of the master. The purpose of the article is to consider individual examples of the examination and attribution of N. K. Roerich’s works with the help of various kinds of historical, cultural, and everyday documents, facts, and evidence reflected in unpublished art history texts, epistolary and memoir sources, in inscriptions on the reverse of paintings and on the margins of typographic prints of exhibition catalogues and works of art by Roerich, i.e. everything that contains important information for an expert included in the concept of “historical and archival aspects”. The article provides examples of art history, culturological and technical and technological methods used in the examination and attribution of works of art, and their result, which is reflected in the “expert conclusions”, attributions, verified and refined description of works and the history of their existence, which is important for understanding the artist’s work, further analysis of his work and, as a result, the emergence of new scholarly and educational publications.

THE PROJECT OF STAGING "KHOVANSHCHINA" BY M. P. MUSSORGSKY IN B.V. ASAFYEV’S ORCHESTRATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
V. A. Aleksandrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
National Museum ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orchestral Score ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the history of an unrealized performance of M. P. Mussorgsky’s opera "Khovanshchina" orchestrated by B. V. Asafyev. On the basis of archival documents, stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, the Russian National Museum of Music, Central State Archive of Literature and Art of Saint Petersburg, the Bolshoi Theatre Museum, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, studied the circumstances under which the opera was planned to be staged in the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet (nowadays — the Mariinsky Theatre). Fragments from the reports of the Artistic Council of Opera at the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet meetings, the correspondence between B. V. Asafyev and P. A. Lamm, the manuscript "P. A. Lamm. A Biography" by O. P. Lamm and other unpublished archival documents are cited. The author comes to the conclusion that most attempts to perform "Khovanshchina" were hindered by the difficult socio-political circumstances of the 1930s, while the existing assumptions about the creative failure of the Asafyev’s orchestration don’t find clear affirmation, neither in historical documents, nor in the existing manuscript of the orchestral score.

scholarly journals ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ОРЕНБУРГСКОГО ИНСТИТУТА НАРОДНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В 1919-1921 гг.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
S.V. Lyubichankovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
State Archives

On the basis of archival documents extracted from the funds of the State Archives of the Orenburg Region, the article reconstructs the process of organizing a new higher educational institution of pedagogical profi le in Orenburg - the Institute of Public Education. The fi rst stage of its development (1919-1921), associated with the formation of this educational institution, the creation of its material base, the formation of the staff and the structure of the educational process, is considered.

scholarly journals Самовольные переселенческие рыбацкие поселения на калмыцких землях (вторая половина XVIII–XIX в.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-696
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
State Archives

Introduction. The article aims at analyzing the state policy regarding unauthorized fishing settlements of migrants on the Kalmyk pasturesin the period between the second half of the 18th and 19th cc. to better understand the processes of historical development of the Caspian territories of Kalmykia and of the Russian Caspian region. Accordingly, the lines of research were as follows: to examine the causes for unauthorized settlements and the dynamics of the state policies in the region, to study the migrants (settlers) in terms of the irethnicity, social class, and occupation, as well as their relationship with the authorities. Data and methods. The study was based on materials of the Russian State Historical Archives, the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region, the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia, and published sources. Both historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were employed for the analysis of the data. Results. The author investigated the history of each of the unauthorized fishing settlement, the migrants’ backgrounds in terms of ethnicity, social class, and occupation, and the government’s policies in relation to the migrants. The study shows that such settlements were related to the growth of fishing industry in the region and, partly, to the government’s military and policing practices on the coast of the Caspian Sea. The authorities began to deal seriously with the problem of unauthorized fishing settlements on the Kalmyk pastures from the mid-19thcentury, with the start of transformation in the fishing industry. At the turn of the 20th century, the settlements were removed from the control of the Kalmyk authorities and were legalized, then, the process of their administrative-territorial and land structuring was started to finally complete in the second decade of the 20thcentury. Conclusions. The policy of the authorities in relation to unauthorized fishing settlements on the Kalmyk pastures differed from that in other areas of the Kalmyk steppe. In Mochagi, the authorities did not insist on the removal of such unauthorized settlements and negotiated with the settlers, and only if the latter rejected the proposed solutions for staying on the Kalmyk pastures, the question about their eviction was raised. Such policies on the problem of settlements on the coastal strip of the Caspian Sea, namely in Mochagi, were justified by the interests of the fishing industry to prevent any harmful effect in case of removal of villages and their inhabitants.

Ostatni będą pierwszymi? LNG w polityce energetycznej Rosji

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Szymon Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Energy Markets ◽  
The State ◽  
External Energy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Constant State ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current condition and development prospects for the Russian LNG sector. Taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the Russian state, the author chose the realistic paradigm (neoclassical realism), which is useful in the context of showing the relationship between internal structures and external activity of the state. The author argues that Russian expansion in the LNG sector is the result of the lobbying capacity of Novatek – the largest private gas producer in Russia. Although the state budget incurs significant costs related to the implementation of Novatek projects, in particular due to fiscal preferences, it also achieves the possibility of achieving the objectives in external and internal energy policy. Novatek’s expansion increases Russia’s share in external energy markets; at the same time LNG expansion, it is used for internal purposes. Novatek’s dominant position in the LNG sector is confirmed by both already implemented projects and plans for further expansion. The factors favoring Russian expansion are constant state support for Novatek projects, high level of internationalization of implemented projects and favorable forecasts on energy markets. The strong competition between currently dominant LNG producers and the risk of internal competition between Russian exporters are among the key long-term challenges.

scholarly journals THE KOLYVAN FACTORIES IN THE POLICY OF THE KUZNETSK VOIVODES IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Bobrov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
District Administrators ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Administrative Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of the areas of interaction between the Kuznetsk voivodes (governors) and proprietary estate managers of the A. N. Demidov’s Kolyvan factories in the second quarter of the XVIII century. The research is based on unpublished documents from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. The article features the reaction of the district administrators to the establishment and dynamics of the security system at copper smelteries in the interstream area between the Ob and the Irtysh. The system contradictions between the interests of civil authorities and A. N. Demidov’s managers are demonstrated by the example of the use of state-owned salt, as well as by the amenability of crimes. The resulting collisions and conflicts are considered as a consequence of the unregulated procedure of the relationship of the relevant administrative subject in lawmaking and administration. The author casts doubt on the popular opinion that there was no competition between the state and the proprietary basics in the development of the Upper Ob-Irtysh area. The author comes to a conclusion about the permanent aspiration of the Kuznetsk voivodes to expand their administrative influence on the estate managers of the Kolyvan-Voskresensky department.

scholarly journals “In the National Economy, Processes, to which we Cannot Close Our Eyes, are Aggravated”: Problems of USSR in the First Half of the 1980s (Materials of the N. I. Ryzhkov Foundation)

2020 ◽  
pp. 405-419
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Nikiforov
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Ussr Council ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Expert Community ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The question of the crisis of the USSR economy on the eve of “perestroika” is considered. Attention is paid to archival documents, which are introduced into active scientific circulation for the first time. The question of political and ideological support for the transformation of society and economy in the late USSR is raised. The results of a comparative analysis of documents of the official authorities and the expert community are presented. The research focuses on declassified archival materials deposited in the fund of the former chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers N. I. Ryzhkov (F. 653 — Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov) of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGA SPI). The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the analyzed documents allow shedding light on unknown crisis phenomena in the economic life of the USSR. In the course of the work, a circle of institutions was identified that monitored the socio-economic situation in the USSR in the first half of the 1980s. The relevance of the study is due to the problems of building a welfare state in modern Russia, improving the relationship between the center and regions in the Russian Federation. Analytical letters of representatives of the academic community and government agencies are studied. The theoretical basis of the work is connected with the ideas of M. A. Beznin and T. M. Dimoni about protobuzhuisia and state capitalism in the USSR, G. G. Popov about the latent conflict in the USSR between the power of experts and political functionaries.

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