Biomass formation at early stages of ontogeny and yield in high-yielding varieties of winter wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Pryadkina ◽  
◽  
O. V. Zborovskaya ◽  
V. P. Oksem ◽  
O. O. Stasik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Biomass Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

QUALITATIVE STABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
C. Kondora ◽  
M. Szabó ◽  
A. Máté ◽  
G. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Owing to the significant differences in the adaptability of state-registered varieties, those which can adapt well to the local conditions should be given preference. There are several high-yielding varieties available in Hungary with excellent agronomic properties, good adaptability and satisfactory baking quality. This study was conducted to analyse the adaptability of 34 state-registered winter wheat varieties tested in the small plot trials of the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (NIAQC) at 5–9 locations between 1994 and 1997 based on their gluten quantity and farinographic index. For the comparison of the varieties the evaluation method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) was applied as modified by Bedő and Balla (1977). The qualitative stability and adaptability values of the varieties differ from the adaptability and stability values calculated from the grain yields. Some winter wheat varieties have good qualitative adaptability and stability, while others have special adaptability and poor qualitative stability, but the majority of the varieties do not belong to these groups.

Peroxides in seed coatings

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Leaver ◽  
E. H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Early Stages

Most seeds require the presence of oxygen during the early stages of germination and even in rice, where it is not essential, oxygen favours a good start. Recent research has explored the practical advantages of coating seeds with peroxide-containing dressings which will liberate oxygen at a controlled rate. Promising results have been obtained with rice in several countries, especially Japan, and to some extent with other crops, including sugar beet and winter wheat.

Some effects of type and rate of application of N fertilizer, and stage of growth at which it was applied, to winter wheat on a Gault Clay soil

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
R. B. Wedgwood
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Soils derived from Gault Clay in the eastern region of England are notorious for giving very variable yields of wheat. Whereas in recent years yields on other soil types have increased remarkably, largely owing to the use of high-yielding varieties and increased use of nitrogen (e.g. Holbrook, Osborne & Ridgman, 1982), yields from Gault Clay soils have remained at much the same level as the best crops of 30 years ago.

scholarly journals Дослідження інтенсивнійої технології вирощування озимої пшениці та різних агротехнічних прийомів у Луганській області

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
С. В. Маслійов ◽  
О. О. Беседа ◽  
В. Ф. Дрель ◽  
В. О. Арсієнко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
The Cost

Важко сьогодні уявити технологію вирощування зернових культур без використання регуляторів росту. І це зрозуміло. Адже, ведучи мову про рентабельне виробництво зерна, ми неодмінно асоціюємо це з підвищенням рівня врожайності, яке неможливе без зростання індивідуальної продуктивності рослин. Застосування цих препаратів у поєднанні зі збільшенням культури землеробства та збільшенням масштабів застосування добрив сприяло значному росту урожайності озимої пшениці не тільки в дослідах, але й на виробничих масивах. Однак аналіз рівня урожаїв, які були отримані в Луганській області в наступні роки, показав, що величина його не завжди гарантується. Особливо різке падіння урожаїв в окремі роки здавалось незрозумілим та неприйнятним після запровадження у виробництво прийомів, заснованих на застосуванні регуляторів росту. Аналіз причин різкого падіння урожаїв озимої пшениці в окремі роки показав, що воно зумовлено, перш за все, епіфітотіями – грибковими захворюваннями та ушкодженням рослинними шкідниками. Особливо різке зниження урожаїв відбувається в роки, коли паралельно з’являються два або три з перелічених факторів. Вчені дійшли висновку, що після впровадження у виробництво високоврожайних сортів, застосування ретардантів росту потрібно проводити й боротьбу з хворобами та шкідниками на посівах озимої пшениці. Адже тільки на посівах, захищених від цих факторів, є можливість отримати високопродуктивні урожаї. Nowadays it is difficult to imagine the technology of cultivating grain crops without the use of grow regulators. And this is understandable. After all, speaking about the cost-effective production of grain, we necessarily associate this with an increase in the level of yield, which is impossible without the growth of individual productivity of plants. The use of these drugs in conjunction with the increase in the culture of agriculture and the increase in the use of fertilizers contributed to a significant increase in winter wheat yields not only in experiments, but also in production massifs. However, analysis of the level of yields that was obtained in Luhansk region in next years has shown that its size is not always guaranteed. Especially sharp drop in yields in some years seemed incomprehensible and unacceptable after introducing into the production of techniques based on the use of growth regulators. Analysis of the causes of a sharp drop in winter wheat yields in some years has shown that it is due primarily to the manifestation of epiphytotic diseases – fungal diseases and damage to plant pests. Especially sharp decrease of crops occurs in years when two or almost three of the listed factors appear simultaneously. Scientists came to the conclusion that after introduction of the application of growth retardants into production of high-yielding varieties, it is necessary to carry out the fight against diseases and pests on winter wheat crops. After all, only crops protected from these factors have the opportunity to obtain high yield crops.

WINTER WHEAT SELECTION IN CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
G. G. Goleva ◽  
Т. G. Vashchenko ◽  
N. Т. Pavlyuk ◽  
V. V. Znamenskaya ◽  
V. I. Pushkareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
State Register ◽  
State Commission ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Research results, which were conducted in the forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region in the years 2000-2016, are presented. They were carried out in order to find new approaches to the selection of parental components in hybridization to make varieties of winter soft wheat with a high level of productivity, resistant to abiotic environmental factors. Agrotechnology - generally accepted in the region, research material- is the crop structure data of variety samples and hybrids from breeding nurseries. The experiments were conducted according to generally accepted methods, statistical analysis of data was carried out using the Statistica 6.1. The contingency was estimated by the Spearman coefficient, the contribution of factor signs to the resultant one was estimated by the method of multiple regression using the coefficient Beta (β). It is established that hybrids of winter wheat are characterized by higher polymorphism, the appearance of favorable transgressions. Their parental forms are selected by morphological and biological features according to the principle of different quality. When selecting high-yielding varieties which are resistant to lodging, it is advisable to make crossing, contrasting in height, forms with different spike lengths. Using the proposed methods, hybrids which are responsive to environmental conditions were made. They were used in the selection of the intensive winter wheat cultivar Alaya Zarya (since 2011 it's included in the State Register of Selective Breeding Results of the Russian Federation in the fifth region). In a number of hybrids, the contribution to the productivity of their elements practically does not depend on the conditions of the growing season, they are the basis for making the Alexia variety for organic farming (it is in State Commission of the Russian Federation on Testing and Protection of Selective Breeding Results).

scholarly journals Parent material for breading winter wheat with high disease resistance under environments of forest-steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
H. B. Volohdina ◽  
S. I. Voloshchuk ◽  
O. V. Humeniuk ◽  
V. V. Kyrylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Aim. Main goals were to study the Bulgarian samples of winter wheat, to identify sources of disease resistance for further breeding work and to develop high-yielding varieties being adapted to the conditions of Forest-steppe. Methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 1987-2013 in breeding crop rotations of MIW. 1470 Bulgarian samples were the starting material used. Results. The samples M-61-185, 97 / 58-1, 1769-64, 668-2, 49 / 94-168, 301-44-55, 1990 50, 836 / 87-2 were characterized with stabile high resistance to brown rust in combination with yield on the level of adaptive norm; 3324-1, 1919-50, 77 / 83-71, 2579-30-19, 704 / 90-30, 411 / 92-57, 97 / 58-1, Liliia, Milena – to powdery mildew; 1919-50, Liliia, 836 / 87-2, 6532-5, 49 / 94-168, DM-62-44, 835 / 87-44-38, 97 / 58-1 – to Septoria leaf blotch. Genotypes 759-1, 2579-30-19, 836 / 87-2, DM-62- 44, 1919-50 that combine resistance to group of three diseases with complex of traits: winter-hardiness, large grain, productivity, high quality levels and high-yielding; samples with large grain and high quality – 97 / 58-1, MT-17131-87, 71 / 90-1097, 2514-114 are the most valuable for breeders. Based on 2579–30–19 the new winter wheat variety Hospodynia Myronivska has been developed. Conclusions. Bulgarian samples are valuable as a starting material for winter wheat breeding for disease resistance in Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Keywords: winter wheat, Bulgarian sample, disease resistance.

The nitrogen cycle in long-term field experiments

1982 ◽  
Vol 296 (1082) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Nitrogen balance sheets for the Rothamsted Continuous Wheat Experiment show that N fertilizers were used very inefficiently in the past. Thus, over the period 1852-1967, the apparent recovery (in grain and straw) of the fertilizer N applied to the plot receiving 144 kg N ha -1 each year was 32%. Recently, however, the apparent recovery of fertilizer N has increased and for the two years 1979 and 1980 the mean value in this plot was 86% . Increased recovery is mainly due to new, high-yielding varieties of winter wheat that take up more fertilizer N, to better control of pests and diseases and to earlier sowing in autumn. Early sowing can increase the amount of N overwintering inside the plant instead of outside in the soil, where it is subject to losses through leaching and denitrification. Recoveries of N by spring-sown barley on the Rothamsted Continuous Barley Experiment were lower than with winter wheat, as would be expected under a cropping system in which the soil is without plant cover from August until March or April. Tentative national N balance sheets for the two major cereal crops in the U.K., wheat and barley, are set out, based on crop survey data. In these balance sheets, between one-third and one-half of the chemically combined N reaching the soil is not recovered in grain and straw. Recoveries of N on the Rothamsted Classical Experiments show that there is considerable scope for improving the recovery of N on a national scale. Research into the quantitative aspects of the nitrogen cycle in the field is needed in order to understand how this N is lost and how the losses can be diminished.

Diurnal Variation in Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices Related to Winter Wheat Biomass Formation

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald Sticksel ◽  
Josef Sch�chtl ◽  
Georg Huber ◽  
Joachim Liebler ◽  
Franz-Xaver Maidl
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Biomass Formation
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