scholarly journals Parent material for breading winter wheat with high disease resistance under environments of forest-steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
H. B. Volohdina ◽  
S. I. Voloshchuk ◽  
O. V. Humeniuk ◽  
V. V. Kyrylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Aim. Main goals were to study the Bulgarian samples of winter wheat, to identify sources of disease resistance for further breeding work and to develop high-yielding varieties being adapted to the conditions of Forest-steppe. Methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 1987-2013 in breeding crop rotations of MIW. 1470 Bulgarian samples were the starting material used. Results. The samples M-61-185, 97 / 58-1, 1769-64, 668-2, 49 / 94-168, 301-44-55, 1990 50, 836 / 87-2 were characterized with stabile high resistance to brown rust in combination with yield on the level of adaptive norm; 3324-1, 1919-50, 77 / 83-71, 2579-30-19, 704 / 90-30, 411 / 92-57, 97 / 58-1, Liliia, Milena – to powdery mildew; 1919-50, Liliia, 836 / 87-2, 6532-5, 49 / 94-168, DM-62-44, 835 / 87-44-38, 97 / 58-1 – to Septoria leaf blotch. Genotypes 759-1, 2579-30-19, 836 / 87-2, DM-62- 44, 1919-50 that combine resistance to group of three diseases with complex of traits: winter-hardiness, large grain, productivity, high quality levels and high-yielding; samples with large grain and high quality – 97 / 58-1, MT-17131-87, 71 / 90-1097, 2514-114 are the most valuable for breeders. Based on 2579–30–19 the new winter wheat variety Hospodynia Myronivska has been developed. Conclusions. Bulgarian samples are valuable as a starting material for winter wheat breeding for disease resistance in Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Keywords: winter wheat, Bulgarian sample, disease resistance.

scholarly journals Identification of winter common wheat samples of Kharkiv breeding by protein markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Z. Usova ◽  
O.Y. Leonov ◽  
N.O. Kozub ◽  
I.O. Sozinov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Rye Translocations ◽  
Promising Line

Aim. Identification of new winter wheat breeding material developed in Kharkiv by electrophoretic patterns of storage proteins to select the most promising lines. Methods. Protein fractionation was performed by APAG- and SDS-electrophoresis. Results. The genotypes of winter wheat samples of the competitive variety trial at seven storage protein loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Gli-A3, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 were studied. We identified eight alleles at the Gli-A1 locus, seven at Gli-B1, five at Gli-D1, four at Gli-A3, five at Glu-B1, three at Glu-A1, and two at Glu-D1. Most of the identified alleles are typical for Ukrainian winter wheat varieties. Along with them, theree were lines with introgressed alleles marking for the wheat-rye translocations 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS. The biotype of the line Erythrospermum 484-19 carries an introgressed allele from Ae. tauschii at the Gli-D1 locus. Conclusions. According to field and laboratory trials of samples, there were neither significant advantages nor disadvantages of lines with wheat-rye translocations compared to lines without translocations (typical for the East Forest-Steppe zone). The promising line of the use of the 1AL/RS or 1BL/RS translocations (carrying disease resistance genes) is their coupling with the allele Glu-B1al associated with high grain quality. Keywords: winter wheat, storage proteins, alleles, translocations.

scholarly journals Characteristics of productivity of soft winter wheat samples from Common Bunt-Resistant Nursery (CBUNT-RES) in the southern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
С. М. Холод ◽  
В. М. Кір’ян ◽  
Р. С. Вискуб
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Purpose. Evaluate the introduced samples of soft winter wheat from the international nursery Common Bunt-Resistant Nursery (CBUNT-RES) of different ecological and geographical origin in the southern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine according to a set of productivity indicators in order to define the most valuable samples and describe them.Methods. During 2016–2019 on the base of Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production of the V. Ya. Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS the authors studied, evaluated and described 75 new soft winter wheat samples of various eco-geographical origins by productivity traits. In the field and laboratory conditions, indicators of yield and productivi­ty were determined: 1000 grains weight, plant height and ear length, the number of spikelets and grains in the ear, weight of ear and grain and early-ripening.Results. Plant material with increased parameters of economic and biological characters was identified. During studies, it was found that ‘F08347G8’, ‘F00628G34-1’ (Romania), ‘91-142A61/KATIA1//GRISET-4’, ‘SAULESKU#44/TR810200//GRISET-4’, ‘ATTILA/BABAX//PASTOR/4/…’ (IU067591) (Turkey), ‘INTENSIVNAYA//PBW343*2/TUKURU’, ‘SANZAR-8/KKTS’ (Mexico) were the high-yielding varieties. The samples of soft winter wheat as ‘F08347G8’, ‘F00628G34-1’ (Romania), ‘INTENSIVNAYA//PBW343*2/…’ (IU067637) (Mexico), ‘ATAY/GALVEZ87/6/TAST/…’ (IU067587), ‘DE9/MERCAN-2’, ‘KRASNODAR/FRTL/6…’ (IU067595), ‘SAULESKU#44/TR810200//GRISET-4’, ‘GANSU-1/3/AUSGS50AT34/…’ (IU067598), ‘ORKINOS-1*2/3/AUS…’ (IU067608), ‘KAMBARA1/ZANDER-17’ , ‘TAM200/KAUZ/4/CHAM6//…’ (IU067612) (Turkey) contained a large grain weight (more than 5.0 g), plant productivity in these samples was rather high due to increased amount of grains and the thousand kernel weight.Conclusions. The introduced soft winter wheat samples of various eco-geographical origins were adapted to the Southern Forest-Steppe and can be recommended as a source material in breeding to increasing productive capacity.

INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE CROP AND THE QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-923
Author(s):  
V.G. Vlasov ◽  
◽  
L.G. Zakharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The results of studying the influence of elements of the technology of cultivation of spring wheat (various predecessors, methods of basic tillage, doses of mineral fertilizers) in order to obtain grain that meet the food requirements (GOST 9353-2016) are presented. The studies were carried out in 2015–2017 in the Ulyanovsk region in the forest-steppe zone on leached chernozem. The object was the Ulyanovskaya 105 spring soft wheat variety, which has been recommended for cultivation in the Volgo-Vyatka (4), Middle Volga (7), Ural (9) regions of the Russian Federation since 2017. The scheme of the experiment provided for placement after peas and winter wheat, autumn main dumping and shallow tillage. In each of the options, the sowing was carried out using three backgrounds of mineral fertilizer – N24Р6 К0 kg/ha a.i. before sowing; N64Р18К35 kg/ha d.v. before sowing + retardant “Tse Tse Tse 750” (chlormequat chloride); N50Р30К70 kg/ha d.v. before sowing + N25 in tillering + N30 after heading + retardant “Tse Tse Tse 750”, calculated for the planned yield of 4.0; 5.0 and 6.0 t/ha, respectively. The meteorological conditions in the years of research were characterized by uneven precipitation (HTC in 2015 – 0.7; in 2016 – 0.8; in 2017 – 1.4). The grain yield of the studied variety of spring soft wheat on average for the variants of the experiment ranged from 3.82 t/ha to 5.60 t/ha with its high quality. The largest amount of protein (720–760 kg/ha) and grain weight per ear (1.07–1.08 g) were formed by the predecessor of peas after plowing against the background of the introduction of mineral fertilizers in doses calculated for the planned yield of 5.0–6,0 t/ha. In terms of the content of crude gluten (28.1–30.9%), in nature (786–798) and vitreousness (87–91%), the grain corresponded to the indicators of class 2, in terms of protein content in the grain (12.5–13.5%) – indicators of the 3rd class of GOST 9353-2016. Higher quality grain with a higher yield level was formed according to the pea predecessor. The coefficient of elasticity of flour dough within the normal range for strong wheat (0.70–0.85) was observed on all variants of plowing and on 1 background of mineral fertilizers for fine processing according to the predecessor winter wheat, as well as on 1 and 2 backgrounds of mineral fertilizers according to to both methods of basic tillage according to the pea precursor. According to the general baking assessment (4.1–4.4 points), the Ulyanovskaya 105 variety corresponded to the norm for valuable crop varieties.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of productivity signs of the yielding capacity in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Ya. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. Further improvement and application of modern methods of wheat breeding of different types of development for adaptiveness caused by change in the character of manifestation of limiting environmental factors under conditions of the Southern Ukrainian Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, selection and genetic, calculation and comparison research methods were used. Wheat varieties of different genetic and ecological origin under different growing conditions were examined. Results. Analysis of the parameters of plasticity and stability of the elements of the yield structure in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions revealed that their variability depends on both genotype and ecological gradients. For instance, by the weight of grain from ears only the varieties Kirena and Yaroslavna were distinguished by a high reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi= 1,215 – 1,635) among the analyzed genotypes, the other varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Znakhidka odeska and Klarisa manifested quite high plasticity (bi= 0,454 – 0,816). There was an analogous situation in the formation of the number of grains per ear. It is necessary to highlight an important biological feature of these varieties which formed the highest actual productivity under late sowing conditions and different sowing rates when compared to other varieties and realized its potentialities better. Conclusions.The research determined that every wheat variety of different development types should be considered in the aspect of its reaction to different growing conditions and to the capability of realizing genetic potential in a particular ecological region. The results of estimation of adaptiveness potential determined a high degree of homeostaticity in the winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the variety of an alternative type Klarisa. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of alternative types, adaptiveness, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Economic and bioenergetic evaluation of seed cultivation of winter wheat triticale varieties in western Forest-Steppe zone

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Valentyna Hlyva ◽  
◽  
Ihor Voloshchuk ◽  
Halyna Hereshko ◽  
Oksana Kovalchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of autumn and spring application herbicides in winter wheat crops in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
I. Storchous
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Effective Period ◽  
Negative Impacts

Goal. Justification for autumn and spring application of herbicides in crops of winter wheat in conditions of Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods. Observation, analysis and synthesis in conjunction with special methods. Special methods: field — for evaluation of the properties of weeds to reproduce and regenerate, the study of ontogenesis and morphogenesis, depending on various factors; quantity and weight — to determine the level of contamination of sowing, growth parameters and development of plants, productivity and elements of structure; mathematically-statistical — to determine the reliability of the results. Results. The level of technical efficiency of herbicides and derivatives aromatic amines and sulfonylureas. Improved control segetal vegetation and identifies the effective period for the application of herbicides in crops of winter wheat with the aim of ensuring high crop yield. Studies have confirmed that the timely and maximum destruction of weeds in crops of winter wheat contributed to better growth and development of plants in culture, which showed its competitiveness to counter the negative impacts segetal vegetation throughout the growing season. Conclusions. The optimal timing for herbicide application in the autumn in crops of winter wheat is the phenological phase of development of the culture of the 1—2 leaf, the rate of consumption of sulfonylureas: Marafon KC — 4.0 l/ha was Grodil Maxi OD, and.d. — 0,11 l/ha, Granstar gold 75, v.g. — 0,035 kg/ha, Starane Premium 330 EC, k.e. — 0.5 l/ha. During the autumn application of technical efficiency of 100% had the variant with the application of herbicide Granstar gold 75, VG with a dose rate of 0.035 kg/ha. With the herbicide in the spring, the optimal time was the phenological phase of cultural development — tillering. Technical efficiency of the medicines when spring application in all variants amounted to 90—100%.

scholarly journals Promising Cultivars of Prunus divaricata for the Central Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 832G-833
Author(s):  
Larissa V. Sydorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Commercial Culture ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Dormancy Period

Prunus divaricata has attracted attention as a commercial culture only recently, but it is in the process of becoming a valuable fruit culture in Ukraine, where it has been planted in an area of >3000 ha. P. divaricata bears fruit earlier during the 2nd or 3rd year after planting. Its fruits ripen earlier than that of plums and are consistently abundant, fairly large, of high-quality, rich in vitamins, and easy to transport. These fruits can be eaten fresh or processed The trees have a short dormancy period, which may account for their relatively poor winter-hardiness. The root system of P. divaricata is shallow and mainly located at a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface. Its vertical roots, however, reach a depth of 2 m or more. The young roots may freeze at ≈12C. However, winter hardiness of the different cultivars varies and is determined by their origin. P. divaricata blooms early, roughly at the time when the flowering of early apricots ends. Its flowers are less susceptible to late frosts than those of apricots. For pollination, three or four different cultivars are needed. Yields ranging from >70 to 80 kg have been reached at the seventh leaf stage with the following cultivars in central Ukraine: `Olen'ka', `Obil'na”, `Raketa', `Zhemchuzhyna', and `Vasylius'ka' (control standard).

The influence of parent material on the productivity of oak forests in the forest-steppe zone of Left-Bank Ukraine

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Svitlana Raspopina ◽  
Ihor Neyko ◽  
Sergii Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank

Wpływ skały macierzystej na produkcyjność lasów dębowych lasostepu lewobrzeżnej Ukrainy

WINTER WHEAT SELECTION IN CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
G. G. Goleva ◽  
Т. G. Vashchenko ◽  
N. Т. Pavlyuk ◽  
V. V. Znamenskaya ◽  
V. I. Pushkareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
State Register ◽  
State Commission ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Research results, which were conducted in the forest-steppe of the Central Black Earth Region in the years 2000-2016, are presented. They were carried out in order to find new approaches to the selection of parental components in hybridization to make varieties of winter soft wheat with a high level of productivity, resistant to abiotic environmental factors. Agrotechnology - generally accepted in the region, research material- is the crop structure data of variety samples and hybrids from breeding nurseries. The experiments were conducted according to generally accepted methods, statistical analysis of data was carried out using the Statistica 6.1. The contingency was estimated by the Spearman coefficient, the contribution of factor signs to the resultant one was estimated by the method of multiple regression using the coefficient Beta (β). It is established that hybrids of winter wheat are characterized by higher polymorphism, the appearance of favorable transgressions. Their parental forms are selected by morphological and biological features according to the principle of different quality. When selecting high-yielding varieties which are resistant to lodging, it is advisable to make crossing, contrasting in height, forms with different spike lengths. Using the proposed methods, hybrids which are responsive to environmental conditions were made. They were used in the selection of the intensive winter wheat cultivar Alaya Zarya (since 2011 it's included in the State Register of Selective Breeding Results of the Russian Federation in the fifth region). In a number of hybrids, the contribution to the productivity of their elements practically does not depend on the conditions of the growing season, they are the basis for making the Alexia variety for organic farming (it is in State Commission of the Russian Federation on Testing and Protection of Selective Breeding Results).

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