scholarly journals About the experience of GIS technologies application for the study of changes of the mean annual air temperature on the territory of the European part of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Natalia Ivlieva ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Manukhov ◽  
Regina Shaykunova
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
European Part ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

Aerosol Effects on Temperature Forecast in the COSMO-Ru Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
A. A. Poliukhov ◽  
◽  
D. V. Blinov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
European Part ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Temperature Forecast ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Simulated Surface ◽  
Aerosol Effects ◽  
Sky Conditions

Aerosol effects on the forecast of surface temperature, as well as temperature at the levels of 850 and 500 hPa over Europe and the European part of Russia are studied using various aerosol climatologies: Tanre, Tegen, and MACv2. The numerical experiments with the COSMO-Ru model are performed for the central months of the seasons (January, April, July, and October) in 2017. It is found that a change in the simulated surface air temperature over land can reach 1C when using Tegen and MACv2 data as compared to Tanre. At 850 and 500 hPa levels, the changes do not exceed 0.4C. At the same time, it is shown that a decrease in the root-mean-square error of 2-m air temperature forecast at individual stations reaches 0.5C when using Tegen and MACv2 data and 1C for clear-sky conditions in Moscow.

scholarly journals Soil temperature study in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 93 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-171
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Lugo-Camacho ◽  
Miguel A. Muñoz ◽  
Juan Pérez-Bolívar ◽  
Gregory R. Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Soil Temperature Regime ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

Soil temperature measurements from a climate monitoring network in Puerto Rico were evaluated and the difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature, known as isotivity value, was calculated. Air and soil temperature was collected from five weather stations of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service from sea level to 1,019 m above sea level and from different soil moisture regimes. Isotivity values ranged from 1.2 to 3.9° C with an average of 2.6° C. The 750-m elevation was identified as the limit between the isohyperthermic and isothermic soil temperature regimes in the perudic soil moisture regime in Puerto Rico. The greatest differences between mean annual soil temperature and mean annual air temperature were observed at Guánica, Combate and Guilarte (2.1 ° C) stations. The smallest differences were observed at Maricao (0.8° C) and Isabela (1.8° C) stations. The study also indicated that the mean annual soil temperature in Puerto Rico can be estimated by adding 1.8° C to the mean annual air temperature or by the equation y = -0.007x + 28.0° C. The equation indicates that 97 percent of the time the behavior of the mean annual soil temperature is a function of elevation. According to the updated soil temperature regime boundaries, eight soil series were established in the Soil Survey of San Germán Area. In an area under the isothermic soil temperature regime, four soil series were classified as Oxisols (Haploperox), two soil series as Inceptisols (Eutrudepts) and two soil series as Mollisols (Argiudolls). This is the first field recognition of the Haploperox soil great group in the United States and its territories.

Spatial Prediction of Soil Temperature in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3718-3723
Author(s):  
Hui Zhi Zhang ◽  
Xue Zheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Regression Kriging ◽  
Auxiliary Variables ◽  
Geostatistical Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

Temperature affects many soil biochemical and geochemical processes. The growth of plants, seed germination, circulations of carbon and nitrogen are all significantly influenced by soil temperature, thus it is important to estimate the spatial pattern of soil temperature. This paper shows the results of spatial patterns of mean annual soil temperature interpolated from the measurements of 698 meteorological stations in China. Four geostatistical methods, ordinary kriging (OK), regression kriging with mean annual air temperature (RK-1), regression kriging with latitude, longitude and elevation (RK-2) and regression kriging with multi-auxiliary predictors (RK-3), were compared. Ordinary kriging (OK) directly interpolated the mean annual soil temperature data extracted from meteorological stations to obtain the spatial patterns of the mean annual soil temperature. For the three regression kriging methods, intensive auxiliary variables (mean annual air temperature, elevation, latitude and longitude), which were correlated with mean annual soil temperature, were used to increase the accuracy of estimation. The results suggested that RK-3 preformed best, followed by RK-1 and RK-2. The intensive data of auxiliary variables used in the regression kriging significantly improved the accuracy of interpolation results.

scholarly journals Processes influencing near-surface heat transfer in Greenland's ablation zone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Hills ◽  
Joel T. Harper ◽  
Toby W. Meierbachtol ◽  
Jesse V. Johnson ◽  
Neil F. Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Ablation Zone ◽  
Transient Heating ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Surface Ice ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

Abstract. To assess the influence of various mechanisms of heat transfer on the near-surface ice of Greenland's ablation zone, we incorporate highly resolved measurements of ice temperature into thermal modeling experiments. Seven separate temperature strings were installed at three different field sites, each with between 17 and 32 sensors and extending up to 20 m below the surface. In one string, temperatures were measured every 30 minutes, and the record is continuous for more than three years. We use these measured ice temperatures to constrain modeling analyses focused on four isolated processes to assess the relative importance of each to the near-surface ice temperature: 1) the moving boundary of an ablating surface, 2) thermal insulation by snow, 3) radiative energy input, and 4) temperature gradients below the seasonally active near-surface layer. In addition to these four processes, transient heating events were observed in two of the temperature strings. Despite no observations of meltwater pathways to the subsurface, these heating events are likely the refreezing of liquid water below 5–10 m of cold ice. Together with subsurface refreezing, the five heat transfer mechanisms presented here account for measured differences of up to 3 °C between the ice temperature at the depth where annual temperature variability is dissipated and the mean annual air temperature. Thus, in Greenland's ablation zone, the mean annual air temperature cannot be used to predict the near-surface ice temperature, as is commonly assumed.

scholarly journals Regional Climate Change (Karelia, Russia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Larisa Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

The overview of climatic conditions in Karelia is based on the data from meteorological observations carried out in 1951-2009 at Roskomgidromet weather stations situated in the study area. Taking the period in question into account, the mean annual air temperature norm has increased by 0.2-0.3°C. The greatest deviation from multiyear averages of mean monthly air temperature is observed in January and March. The investigation of the changes the basic regional climate characteristics is very important in present time because the global climate is changed. The analysis the data about air temperature and precipitation, that were obtained for the different meteorological stations in the investigated region, shows that the regional climate is changed and the main tendencies are directly proportional to the change of the global characteristics.

scholarly journals Frost-Heaved Bedrock Features: A Valuable Permafrost Indicator

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Exposed Rock ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature ◽  
Permafrost Regions

ABSTRACT Frost-heaved bedrock features are periglacial forms produced by the vertical displacement of bedrock fragments. Blocks, frost-wedged from bare bedrock along joints, are raised above the general surface by heave. Although mentioned in the literature of the late 19th century, they have been described and studied in detail only recently. They are widespread in the northern hemisphere, notably in Canada, Greenland and Spitsbergen, where they develop in lithologies with well-developed systems of joints. Commonly, heaved blocks exhibit weathered and lichen-covered surfaces except at their base where freshly exposed rock indicates recent heaving. They result from frost processes, particularly from wedging and heaving due to pressure of the freezing of free-water in joints. Active and most non-active features are located in permafrost regions. The southermost occurrence in the northern hemisphere is the Groulx Mountains, in Québec (51°45'N, alt. 1000 m). The mean annual air temperature for the area of best-developed features ranges from -4° to -100C, with the number of days of frost ranging from 178 to 300. A thin snow cover is common to most sites. Based on climatic data and on the geographical distribution of frost-heaved bedrock features, it is suggested that permafrost occurrence is obvious. Relict features found outside the present-day permafrost zones should indicate former permafrost conditions.

scholarly journals 15m Deep Temperatures in the Glaciers of Mont Blanc (French Alps)

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (74) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lliboutry ◽  
M. Briat ◽  
M. Creseveur ◽  
M. Pourchet
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Ablation Area ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature ◽  
Rock Faces ◽  
Dry Snow Zone

AbstractThe top of Mont Blanc is adry snow zone. Thecold infiltration zoneextends between about 4 300 and 3 800 m. Its lower limit is lined by large cracks and ice cliffs, similar to bergschrunds. Near rock faces this limit is the bergschrund, which can descend as far as the 0°C isotherm of the mean annual air temperature, 3 100-3 200 m- At Col du Dôme (c, 4 250 m), 15 m deep temperature has increased 1.8 deg between the years 1911 and 1973, probably due to infiltration which happened there in the last few years. The ice in the ablation area is entirely temperate, while in dryer areas of the Alps it may be at 1°C to — 3°C in the vicinity of the firn line.

scholarly journals Regional-Scale Model Analysis of Climate Changes Impact on the Water Budget of the Critical Zone and Groundwater Recharge in the European Part of Russia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Sergey O. Grinevskiy ◽  
Sergey P. Pozdniakov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Dedulina
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
European Part ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Groundwater recharge by precipitation is the main source of groundwater resources, which are widely used in the European part of Russia (ER). The main goal of the presented studies is to analyze the effect of observed climate changes on the processes of groundwater recharge. For this purpose analysis of long-term meteorological data as well as water budget and groundwater recharge simulation were used. First, meteorological data of 22 weather stations, located from south (Lat 46°) to north (Lat 66°) of ER for historical (1965–1988) and modern (1989–2018) periods were compared to investigate the observed latitudinal changes in annual and seasonal averages of precipitation, wind speed, air temperature, and humidity. Second, water budget in critical zone was simulated, using codes SURFBAL and HYDRUS-1D. SURFBAL generates upper boundary conditions for unsaturated flow modelling with HYDRUS-1D, taking into account snow accumulation and melting as well as topsoil freezing, which are important processes that affect runoff generation and the infiltration of meltwater. Water budget and groundwater recharge simulations based on long-term meteorological data and soil and vegetation parameters, typical for the investigated region. The simulation results for the historical and modern periods were compared to find out the impact of climate change on the average annual and seasonal averages of surface runoff, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge, as well as to assess latitudinal differences in water budget changes. The results of the simulation showed, that despite a significant increase in air temperature, groundwater recharge in the southern regions did not change, but even increased up to 50–60 mm/year in the central and northern regions of ER. There are two main reasons for this. First, the observed increase in air temperature is compensated by a decrease in wind speed, so there was no significant increase in evapotranspiration in the modern period. Also, the observed increase in air temperature and precipitation in winter is the main reason for the increase in groundwater recharge, since these climate changes lead to an increase in water infiltration into the soil in the cold period, when there is no evapotranspiration.

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