scholarly journals THE MOTIF OF LIGHT IN THE POEM “ANIARA” BY H. MARTINSON

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1324-1329
Author(s):  
I.V. Romanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Ideal

On the material of the poem “Aniara” by the Swedish writer, Nobel laureate H. Martinson, the problem of the motif of light and its connection with the plot, figurative, space-time and ideological plans of the work is developed. The poem is characterized by extraordinary unity created due to the interweaving of two motifs - light and darkness, each of which is semantic and participates in the “framing” of the text both at the plot level and the semantic one. The motif of light is the most important component of the poem which reveals the main theme and the problem of the work, conveys the writer`s worldview and participates in the figurative expression of the author`s intention. The motif is associated with the problems of human existence and understanding of the moral meaning of life. The article reveals that light has both a positive and a negative semantic: on the one hand, it symbolizes utopian hopes for the future and idyllic ideas about the past (light as a symbol of the search for the ideal), on the other hand, human evil (light as a symbol of the destructive force of fire). This motif plays a key role in creating a holistic “light” space - the planet Dorisburg and a generalized image of a person turned out to be unable to preserve “the temple of light and kindness”.

1. The Conceptual Setting

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond H. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
General Outline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
The One ◽  
Conceptual Setting

It seems to have become the custom for the author of a paper on archaeological methodology to provide his readers with a review of the theoretical trends of the discipline. The general outline of these trends must by now be the common property of all literate anthropologists. do not consider it improper, therefore, to refrain from repeating a summary of them here. Much more important to this study of the nature of archaeological inference is a statement of the present aims of the discipline and the role which inference is expected to play in achieving these aims.Phillips and Willey (1953: 616) succinctly describe the proper ends of archaeological research:The ultimate objective of archeology is the creation of an image of life within the limits of the residue that is available from the past. The procedural objectives toward such a goal may be dichotomized into reconstructions of space-time relationships, on the one hand, and contextual relationships on the other.

The Hermeneutic Conception of Culture

1998 ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Traditional Account ◽  
Educative Process ◽  
The One ◽  
Radical Relativism ◽  
The Ideal

Heidegger, the founder of the hermeneutic paradigm, rejected the traditional account of cultural activity as a search for universally valid foundations for human action and knowledge. His main work, Sein und Zeit (1927), develops a holistic epistemology according to which all meaning is context-dependent and permanently anticipated from a particular horizon, perspective or background of intelligibility. The result is a powerful critique directed against the ideal of objectivity. Gadamer shares with Heidegger the hermeneutic reflections developed in Sein und Zeit and the critique of objectivity, describing the cultural activity as an endless process of "fusions of horizons." On the one hand, this is an echo of the Heideggerian holism, namely, of the thesis that all meaning depends on a particular interpretative context. On the other hand, however, this concept is an attempt to cope with the relativity of human existence and to avoid the dangers of a radical relativism. In fact, through an endless, free and unpredictable process of fusions of horizons, our personal horizon is gradually expanded and deprived of its distorting prejudices in such a way that the educative process (Bildung) consists in this multiplication of hermeneutic experiences. Gadamer succeeds therefore in presenting a non-foundationalist and non-teleological theory of culture.

Lying, a way of knowledge in Umberto Eco’s Numero zero

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-186
Author(s):  
Raffaele De Benedictis
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
True Self ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One ◽  
Normative Account ◽  
The Ideal

In Numero zero the main theme is lying. It is utilized as a sort of normative account of its epistemic implication foregrounding lying's problematization. Here Eco addresses the very duality of lying that is intertwined with the authenticity of language, and journalism is the ideal genre to tackle this problem. A lie is intrinsically linguistic and essentially semiotic because, at a material expression level and an immaterial content level, language violates the principle of non-contradiction since it is and it is not at the same time and in the same respect, due to the dualistic nature of signs that work toward the creation of meaning. It is because it is endowed with the ability to refer; it is not because it is never a true self, it lacks its own individuality. Thus, as a communicative/significative medium, language foresees and legitimizes the paradoxical duality between lie and truth insofar as it always requires the presence of the other; it requires the coexistence of the one (expression level) and the other (content level) to ultimately produce meaning. Numero zero sheds light on the hermeneutics of lies and fakes, and further gives a hint of the reverberations they produce in the world in which we live.

scholarly journals Тема старости в романе Гайто Газданова „Ночные дороги”

2017 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Maria Giej
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
The One ◽  
Emigre Writers

A theme of old age in the novel Night Roads  by Gaito Gazdanov In his literary works, Gaito Gazdanov — arepresentative of ayounger generation of the first wave of Russian émigré writers — has made frequent references to the theme of old age. Very often he analyzed the old age in the context of the meaning of life and death. His novel “Night Roads” is essential in this respect as the theme of old age and the attitude thereto is presented against the backdrop of the experiences of an owner of acafe, aprostitute Raldi and an elderly cab driver. The protagonists possess specific individual traits precisely described by the narrator. The theme of old age provides, first and foremost, an opportunity to discuss the meaning of life and death, to present the dichotomy between limitations, senselessness of human existence, on the one hand, and experiencing the beauty of nature, music etc., on the other. This provides an opportunity to recollect the past, notably the young age. This resembles ahymn to life. The story starts with adescription of alife of an elderly woman on awheelchair and finishes with adescription of anewborn infant: this way the young new life supersedes the old, and life goes on as before.Temat starości w powieści Gajto Gazdanowa Nocne drogiDo tematu starości niejednokrotnie zwracał się w swojej twórczości przedstawiciel młodszego pokolenia pierwszej fali emigracji rosyjskiej, Gajto Gazdanow, najczęściej rozpatrując starość w kontekście sensu życia i śmierci. Ważna w tym zakresie jest powieść Nocne drogi, w której temat starości i stosunek do niej zostały zrealizowane głównie w historii właścicielki kawiarni, historii prostytutki Raldi, staruszka-kierowcy itd. Wszyscy bohaterowie mają cechy indywidualne, precyzyjnie uchwycone i wyrażone przez narratora.Temat starości dla Gazdanowa to przede wszystkim możliwość rozważania o sensie życia i śmierci, pokazania kontrastu pomiędzy ograniczonością, bezsensem istnienia i przeżywaniem w tym życiu piękna przyrody, muzyki, możliwość powrotu we wspomnieniach do minionej epoki, do młodości. Jest to swego rodzaju hymn życia. Powieść zaczyna się od opisu staruszki na wózku inwalidzkim, znajdującej się na granicy życia i śmierci, a kończy narodzinami dziecka: starość stare ustępuje miejsce młodemu nowemu, a życie trwa dalej.

scholarly journals MNEMOTECHNIC OF PAIN: BETWEEN SUFFERING AND ENJOYMENT

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
The Ideal

The article analyzed the problem of mnemotechnic of pain in the context of the historical transformation of thinking from archaic bodily practices of graphism of pain to the modern culture of anesthesia. The conceptual knot, which forms pain, suffering, memory, procedures of designation and enjoyment, is defined. Subject is defined to be central that goes beyond the opposition/dialectic of myth and reason. This allows us to turn to the premythic and to analyze the graphism of pain as the basis of human existence in the context of the formation of individual and collective memory. In the meantime, the myth is interpreted as an attempt to portray the labeled physical bodies of the world, given the distinction between them. The formation of relations of power is associated with the establishment of a correlation between sign and pain, which makes it possible to understand of pain as the basis of social memory. On the other hand, the historical-philosophical subject is distinguished, according to which the bodily topical of the perceptions and the metabodily topic of concepts are distinguished. The metaphysical shift laid down by the ancient philosophers transforms mnemotechnic into practice, which constantly takes into account the distinction between the sensual (physical) and the supersensual (spiritual), the ideal and the real, the true and the false, the one and the plural, being and non-existence. Mnemotechnic, which constitutes the metaphysical world, excludes the body as a matter of memory, leaving the pain beyond the added significance. Probably, it is possible to link the excesses of Sade’s search for enjoyment and cases of dramatic erosion of man to naked bodility, which captures the outbreaks of violence and torture in the century. In the end, it transforms modern culture into a culture of anesthesia, a culture of memory as an anesthetic, directed against the repetition of pain. Nevertheless, at the same time, it causes new pleasures to seek pain.

scholarly journals THE VOICE PHENOMENON IN BECKETT’S FRENCH-LANGUAGE SHORT STORIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Iurii I. Semenchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
French Language ◽  
Feminine Voice ◽  
The One ◽  
Television Plays ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Ideal

The article deals with the specific features of the voice phenomenon representation and the peculiarities of its functioning in French-language short stories written by Beckett, namely in Premier amour (First Love), Le calmant (The Calmative) and Au loin un oiseau. The abovementioned texts allow us, on the one hand, to demonstrate the genesis of the writer’s artistic and aesthetic principles of representing the studied phenomenon, which were later reflected in theatrical, radio and television plays, and, on the other hand, – to shed light on the specificity of the literary world of these texts. The research conducted allows us to conclude that in all the analyzed texts the voice is captured in different forms of representation and has a varying (from text to text) functionality. In Premier amour, there is a feminine voice asking to restore the corporeality and individuality of its origin. However, the stamp of convulsiveness in the heroine’s voice paradoxically has its source not in the corporeal but in the ideal. In Le calmant, the protagonist’s feebleness, expressed by the signs of his corporeal conditions, is doubled by his aphony, which thus transcends one of the most important motifs for Beckett’s writing – that of human weakness. This motif also reveals here another shade of meaning – weakness as a ‘respite’ from the suffering which human existence bears. Finally, in Au loin un oiseau we see a ventriloquist character. Due to the ‘I’ living inside, the ‘He’ is becoming similar to ventriloquists. Unlike them, however, his speaking capacity is under control of the narrator.

Elementy poetyki ludowej w powieści Rzeczy uprzyjemniające. Utopia T. Bołdak-Janowskiej

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Goral
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Features

The aim of the article is to analyse the elements of folk poetics in the novel Pleasant things. Utopia by T. Bołdak-Janowska. The category of folklore is understood in a rather narrow way, and at the same time it is most often used in critical and literary works as meaning a set of cultural features (customs and rituals, beliefs and rituals, symbols, beliefs and stereotypes) whose carrier is the rural folk. The analysis covers such elements of the work as place, plot, heroes, folk system of values, folk rituals, customs, and symbols. The description is conducted based on the analysis of source material as well as selected works in the field of literary text analysis and ethnolinguistics. The analysis shows that folk poetics was creatively associated with the elements of fairy tales and fantasy in the studied work, and its role consists of – on the one hand – presenting the folk world represented and – on the other – presenting a message about the meaning of human existence.

TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Daiva Milinkevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secular World ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Craft Guilds

The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other, intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals. The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics of lodges. Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius. Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.

“Ambiguist” Statesmanship

Worldview ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Will Herberg
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Fixed Points ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Rational Mind ◽  
The One

John Courtney Murray's writing cannot fail to be profound and instructive, and I have profited greatly from it in the course of the past decade. But I must confess that his article, "Morality and Foreign Policy" (Worldview, May), leaves me in a strange confusion of mixed feelings. On the one hand, I can sympathize with what I might call the historical intention of the natural law philosophy he espouses, which I take to be the effort to establish enduring structures of meaning and value to serve as fixed points of moral decision in the complexities of the actual situation. On the other hand, I am rather put off by the calm assurance he exhibits when he deals with these matters, as though everything were at bottom unequivocally rational and unequivocally accessible to the rational mind. And I am really distressed at what seems to 3ie to be his woefully inadequate appreciation of the position of the "ambiguists," among whom I cannot deny I count myself.

Benson and Miller in Perspective

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 242-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Kuklick
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Stock Of Knowledge

Despite differences in coloration Miller and Benson are birds of a feather. Although he is no Pollyanna, Miller believes that there has been a modest and decent series of advances in the social sciences and that the most conscientious, diligent, and intelligent researchers will continue to add to this stock of knowledge. Benson is much more pessimistic about the achievements of yesterday and today but, in turn, offers us the hope of a far brighter tomorrow. Miller explains Benson’s hyperbolic views about the past and future by distinguishing between pure and applied science and by pointing out Benson’s naivete about politics: the itch to understand the world is different from the one to make it better; and, Miller says, because Benson sees that we have not made things better, he should not assume we do not know more about them; Benson ought to realize, Miller adds, that the way politicians translate basic social knowledge into social policy need not bring about rational or desirable results. On the other side, Benson sees more clearly than Miller that the development of science has always been intimately intertwined with the control of the environment and the amelioration of the human estate.

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