scholarly journals CLIMATE IMPACT ON ORIGIN AND TOURISM VALORISATION OF TRADITIONAL URBAN ARCHITECTURE IN BOSNIA&HERZEGOVINA AND CROATIA

2015 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Climatic Classification

Climate stands for one of the important factors of tourism valorisation in a certain area. For the purpose of this paper Köppen climatic classification has been used. In a given area distinguished types of climate include: temperate climate C, continental climate D and alpine climate E. Considering the fact that climate can indirectly impact the geologic structure of certain areas on the Earth's surface by means of insolation and precipitation, building materials for architecture can be various. For example, as main or dominant building material in areas with warm climate types a stone is the most commonly used material, but wood and timber are commonly used in areas with cooler climate types. This research is based on selected urban areas for the each belonging climate type. By using Köppen climatic classification for the GIS mapping of climate subtypes, which are based on long-term climate data, selected urban areas have been chosen. Cities that belong to Csa climate subtype are: Mostar, Split and Dubrovnik, cities under Csb climate subtype include: Livno, Konjic and Rijeka, cities that belong to Cfa subtype include: Bijeljina, Osijek and Vukovar, cities under Cfb subtype include: Sarajevo, Banja Luka and Zagreb, towns that belong to Cfc climate include: Delnice and Slunj, and towns under Dfb climate subtype are: Kupres and Nevesinje. Areas with Dfc and ET climate subtypes include rural settlements and unpopulated wild areas. Research focuses on architecture from the six most significant historical periods: Antique, Byzantine, Medieval, Venetian, Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian. Based on all the characteristics described before, the conclusion implicates that climate factors have significant impact on the architectural styles, and generally on the urban environment which is the tourism valorisation object.

scholarly journals Including Urban Heat Island in Bioclimatic Early-Design Phases: A Simplified Methodology and Sample Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5918
Author(s):  
Giacomo Chiesa ◽  
Yingyue Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Urban Heat

Urban heat island and urban-driven climate variations are recognized issues and may considerably affect the local climatic potential of free-running technologies. Nevertheless, green design and bioclimatic early-design analyses are generally based on typical rural climate data, without including urban effects. This paper aims to define a simple approach to considering urban shapes and expected effects on local bioclimatic potential indicators to support early-design choices. Furthermore, the proposed approach is based on simplifying urban shapes to simplify analyses in early-design phases. The proposed approach was applied to a sample location (Turin, temperate climate) and five other climate conditions representative of Eurasian climates. The results show that the inclusion of the urban climate dimension considerably reduced rural HDD (heating degree-days) from 10% to 30% and increased CDD (cooling degree-days) from 70% to 95%. The results reveal the importance of including the urban climate dimension in early-design phases, such as building programming in which specific design actions are not yet defined, to support the correct definition of early-design bioclimatic analyses.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Thermal Mass of the Building Envelope on Summer Overheating of Dwellings in a Temperate Climate

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4117
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kuczyński ◽  
Anna Staszczuk ◽  
Piotr Ziembicki ◽  
Anna Paluszak
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Night Ventilation

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of increasing the thermal capacity of a residential building by using traditional building materials to reduce the risk of its excessive overheating during intense heat waves in a temperate climate. An additional objective is to show that the use of this single passive measure significantly reduces the risk of overheating in daytime rooms, but also, though to a much lesser extent, in bedrooms. Increasing the thermal mass of the room from light to a medium heavy reduced the average maximum daily temperature by 2.2K during the first heat wave and by 2.6K during the other two heat waves. The use of very heavy construction further reduced the average maximum temperature for the heat waves analyzed by 1.4K, 1.2K and 1.7K, respectively, giving a total possible reduction in maximum daily temperatures in the range of 3.6 °C, 3.8 °C and 4.3 °C. A discussion of the influence of occupant behavior on the use of night ventilation and external blinds was carried out, finding a significant effect on the effectiveness of the use of both methods. The results of the study suggest that in temperate European countries, preserving residential construction methods with heavy envelopes and partitions could significantly reduce the risk of overheating in residential buildings over the next few decades, without the need for night ventilation or external blinds, whose effectiveness is highly dependent on individual occupant behavior.

scholarly journals Comparison of the thermal performance between conventional and cob building

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Kaoutar Zeghari ◽  
Hasna Louahlia ◽  
Malo Leguern ◽  
Mohamed Boutouil ◽  
Hamid Gualous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Stationary Regime ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Climate Data

The appliance of sustainable development approach in building has urged construction industry to adopt proper measurements to protect environment and reduce residential building energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Thus, an increasing interest in alternative building materials has developed including the use of bio-based materials such as cob which is studied in this paper. In the previous work, many experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to characterize thermal behaviour of earth buildings, reduce its thermal conductivity and water content. In this paper, an experimental study is carried out to determine the thermal properties and energy performance of cob building. Cob samples within different soil and fiber contents are studied using an experimental set up instrumented with flux meters and micro-thermocouples in order to evaluate the local heat flux and thermal conductivity during stationary regime. The results are analysed and compared to deduce the performant mixes in terms of thermal behaviour while respecting the French thermal regulation. A static thermal simulation based on RT 2012 calculation method (the official French calculation method for the energy performance of new residential and commercial buildings according to France thermal regulation) is used to compare energy performance between conventional and cob building using the French climate data base .

CLIMATE IMPACT AND CULTURAL SHIFTS IN NATURAL STRUCTURES AND HUMAN LIFE: A RIVER AREAS UTILIZATION AS COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 62-83
Author(s):  
Isdarmanto Isdarmanto ◽  
Christantius Dwiatmaja ◽  
Hari Sunarto ◽  
Antonius Suryo Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
City Community ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
Tourism Climate

The Climate change in world tourism can change the system of human life and its influence on nature. The development of the global digital tourism climate, selfi tourism is able to change the attitude of individual behavior in response to the demands of competitive life. The development of tourist destinations in the world, primarily from natural factors, the demands of a sharp competitive climate require tourism managers to create artificial innovations that are developed from natural potentials that are more attractive in design so that they become alternative ecotourism idols capable of boosting tourism growth that is more conducive and attractive. This research develops river ecotourism areas which are oriented to aspects of environmental development, nature preservation and local community development. This study uses qualitative research so that it can explore various aspects of the natural and humanity of the region in depth through the empirical phenomena that exist in the field. The real condition of river area which is not well managed is not in accordance with the development of Smart city, community awareness and tourism activists who are less focused. Hence, it needs community empowerment and encouraging the role of tourism activists to play more in the development of urban areas, and the use of river as ecotourism.   Keywords: Ecotourism, Waterfront, Natural Resources

Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Neoformations on Stony Materials of Modern Building Works

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1241-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alves
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Central Portugal ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe built environment is subjected to several pollutants under variable environmental conditions defined by diverse geochemical systems. These geochemical systems promote the occurrence of neoformations that can have a detrimental effect on surfaces of the building materials. Hence, the study of neoformations helps in the understanding of weathering processes that affect built structures. In the present paper we present a scanning electron microscopy study of macroscopic manifestations of neoformations detected during an extensive visual survey of several modern architectural works in urban areas of northern and central Portugal. The studies performed suggest that cementitious materials play an important role as a source of pollutants for the most common neoformations such as carbonate rich stains and coatings, as well as salt efflorescences of alkaline sulphates and carbonates. There are also indications of contributions from organic sources for alkaline nitrates and atmospheric pollution for gypsum-rich black crusts. Other less common neoformations include phosphate aggregates and silica stains that represent interesting indicators of the geochemical systems in built environments. In the case of carbonate-rich coatings, indications of recurrence related to the circulation of carbonate forming solutions relevant to the maintenance of built surfaces were detected.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of slums and its association with disaster vulnerability in Yogyakarta City

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Djaka Marwasta ◽  
Theresia D. K. Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Disaster Vulnerability ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Slums commonly distributed in susceptible environment or in location that occupied by low economic household, especially in urban areas. Empirically, in Indonesia, the data about distribution and total area of slums is quite hard to be acquired, since slums indicators is not standardized yet. This study aimed to (1) identify the distribution of slums in Yogyakarta City, based on multi-sources data; and (2) elaborate the linkage between slums location and disaster vulnerability in research area. This research uses a mixed methods, i.e utilization of secondary data, survey method, and GIS mapping. Analysis units of this research are “Kelurahan”, where all “Kelurahan” which have slums are chosen as members of population (census technique). Indepth interview conducted in order to collect disaster vulnerability data in each “Kelurahan”. Informant that chosen as representative person in each “Kelurahan” are “Lurah” or “Secretary of Lurah”. All of the data are analyzed by qualitative and quantitative descriptive method. Conclusion of this study are: (1) Slums in Yogyakarta City distributed mainly along three main rivers, and (2) There are very closed association between slums area and disaster vulnerable zones.

scholarly journals Disaster response and recovery in two informal settlements: A local government perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethuel Sibongiseni Ngcamu ◽  
Malcolm Alan Henworth Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
The Impact

Informal settlements in urban areas have long been afflicted by disasters and exposed to exploitation by politicians, shacklords, academics, journalists, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), tavern owners and government officials. This problem is caused to some degree by limited land for expansion which has resulted in the creation of highly densified and unplanned, irregular settlements using poor, combustible building materials. The purpose of the article is to investigate whether eThekwini Municipality’s strategies are sufficient to respond to and recover from the impact of disasters. The research was undertaken at the Foreman and Kennedy Road informal settlements located in Clare Estate, under Ward 25, in Durban within eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal (refer to Annexure 1). These areas are very important politically as they are densily populated and highly contested between political parties and local resistant’s organizations such as Abahlali baseMjondolo. Questionnaires were self-administered to a sample size of 220 of which 140 respondents completed the questionnaires, thereby generating a response rate of 63.6%. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with municipal officials. The findings indicate that 44.3% of the victims of disasters received assistance from NGOs and regard civil society as playing an important role after disasters compared to 7.1% of the responding municipal officials.

scholarly journals Analysis of Strengthening the Application of External Wall Insulation Materials in Green Building Energy Saving Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Wenxin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Environment Quality

<p>For the development and progress direction of contemporary construction industry, greening has always been one of the most important topics, which is basically consistent with China’s guidelines on environmental protection and resource conservation, with emphasis on whether it can effectively improve the ecological environment quality in urban areas, control various hazards caused by pollution, and build a healthy urban environment for people. Nowadays, the building materials market has also developed in an all-round way, and the types of materials for exterior wall insulation are also increasing. Relatively, the practical application difficulty of various technologies in the construction industry also shows an increasing trend. In order to better highlight the important role of insulation materials for green buildings, this paper will explore the application of exterior wall insulation materials with strong energy saving in green buildings.</p>

scholarly journals GIS-based delineation of local climate zones: The case of medium-sized Central European cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Geletič ◽  
Michal Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Local Climate Zones

Abstract Stewart and Oke (2012) recently proposed the concept of Local Climate Zones (LCZ) to describe the siting of urban meteorological stations and to improve the presentation of results amongst researchers. There is now a concerted effort, however, within the field of urban climate studies to map the LCZs across entire cities, providing a means to compare the internal structure of urban areas in a standardised way and to enable the comparison of cities. We designed a new GIS-based LCZ mapping method for Central European cities and compiled LCZ maps for three selected medium-sized Central European cities: Brno, Hradec Králové, and Olomouc (Czech Republic). The method is based on measurable physical properties and a clearly defined decision-making algorithm. Our analysis shows that the decision-making algorithm for defining the percentage coverage for individual LCZs showed good agreement (in 79–89% of cases) with areas defined on the basis of expert knowledge. When the distribution of LCZs on the basis of our method and the method of Bechtel and Daneke (2012) was compared, the results were broadly similar; however, considerable differences occurred for LCZs 3, 5, 10, D, and E. It seems that Central European cities show a typical spatial pattern of LCZ distribution but that rural settlements in the region also regularly form areas of built-type LCZ classes. The delineation and description of the spatial distribution of LCZs is an important step towards the study of urban climates in a regional setting.

Future humidity extremes in an urban-rural context - using regional climate model projections down to convection permitting scales for Berlin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby S. Langendijk ◽  
Diana Rechid ◽  
Daniela Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Urban Rural

&lt;p&gt;Urban areas are prone to climate change impacts. A transition towards sustainable and climate-resilient urban areas is relying heavily on useful, evidence-based climate information on urban scales. However, current climate data and information produced by urban or climate models are either not scale compliant for cities, or do not cover essential parameters and/or urban-rural interactions under climate change conditions. Furthermore, although e.g. the urban heat island may be better understood, other phenomena, such as moisture change, are little researched. Our research shows the potential of regional climate models, within the EURO-CORDEX framework, to provide climate projections and information on urban scales for 11km and 3km grid size. The city of Berlin is taken as a case-study. The results on the 11km spatial scale show that the regional climate models simulate a distinct difference between Berlin and its surroundings for temperature and humidity related variables. There is an increase in urban dry island conditions in Berlin towards the end of the 21st century. To gain a more detailed understanding of climate change impacts, extreme weather conditions were investigated under a 2&amp;#176;C global warming and further downscaled to the 3km scale. This enables the exploration of differences of the meteorological processes between the 11km and 3km scales, and the implications for urban areas and its surroundings. The overall study shows the potential of regional climate models to provide climate change information on urban scales.&lt;/p&gt;

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