scholarly journals Fiqh Pluralism: Comprehensive Analysis of Nurkholish Madjid Ideas Regarding Hermeneutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hasan Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Applied Science ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Pure Science ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Scientific Authority ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of

The idea of Cak Nur (Nurkholish Madjid)in the history of Islamic thought is a complex actual problem. His ideas can be portrayed in two ways, namely pure science and applied science. In the area of "pure science," inclusive hermeneutics is a unique basis for the idea of pluralism. Inclusive hermeneutics views pluralism as a product of a new intellectual tradition. The new intellectual tradition certainly brings a change agenda in the process of the historical continuity of thought in Indonesia. The purpose of this article is to analyze the inclusive hermeneutics of Cak Nur in the concept of fiqh pluralism. The conclusion of this article is that Cak Nur is able to conduct various discourses over the boundaries of normativity so that he can enter the universal realm. This can be seen in the discourse on religions and culture. Cak Nur can break through the barriers that exist in these two problems by trying to dialogue the meeting point of the equation. As a scholar, Cak Nur took this position so that he could sit together with other scientists from various cultures and different beliefs to dialogue and discuss a problem objectively. In the area of applied science, there is an internal influence regarding Islam. This area must be held by Cak Nur because if someone has offered a value, he will enter the element of subjectivity. In studying Islam, he became a Muslim scholar who enlightened byhis flexibility and scientific authority.

An American Collection of Source Books for the History of Navigation

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
E. G. R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
Pure Science ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Instrument Maker ◽  
Age Of Discovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rare Books ◽  
History Of Navigation

A country that frowns on rich men must be content to let its rare books cross the ocean. Certainly it will lose all those which make no appeal to the literary man, and those to which the devotee of ‘pure’ science is indifferent, since these are the two groups who might be consulted before such a transference, or whose protests would be listened to. Hence it is that, because only a tiny minority has as yet been interested in the crude beginnings of applied science and technology, a discerning American member of the Institute, Mr. Henry C. Taylor, has formed a collection of about one hundred and fifty books which tell the story of how skippers and pilots were taught to set course and make port during the Great Age of Discovery and Colonization. Nearly half of these books are in English, and this is understandable, for although the pioneers of the new methods of navigation were the Portuguese, the English sailor took pride of place after the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Mr. Taylor appears at one time to have been satisfied with the breezy statement of Captain Smith of Virginia in 1626 that the seaman was sufficiently equipped if he had his Almanack, his Waggoner, a manual or two, and knew a good instrument-maker like Master Bates on Tower Hill. But one book leads to another, and, having got together these half-dozen books, he began to study them.

scholarly journals “Atomisme” Dan “Hilomorfisme” Dalam Diskursus Pemikiran Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rofii Damyati
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of

Physics is the study of natural world. In the history of Islamic thought, there were two primary intellectual school in which nature was discussed: Atomism and Hylomorphism. Atomism is generally belong mutakallimin, or Islamic speculative theology, that in general approached issues in physics from an atomistic framework. While Hylomorphism is generally belong to Islamic philosophers that had its roots in the Greek intellectual tradition and more specifically in the philosophical thought of Aristotle. This writing is going to explain the atomistic theories found among the mutakallimin, that is called as “Atomism” shool of thought, followed by the Aristo-Avicennian natural philosophy, that is called as “Hylomorphism” school of thought.

scholarly journals ALUR TRANSMISSION OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE AND ISLAMIC THOUGHT DALAM ISLAMIC THOUGHT; AN INTRODUCTION KARYA ABDULLAH SAEED TERBITAN ROUTLEDGE 2006

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ahmad Putra
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

<p><em>This paper describes the fundamental teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, the development of religious knowledge, and the social and political context that shaped the intellectual tradition of Islam. Abdullah Saeed, in the transmission of spiritual experience and Islamic thought, introduced the basic teachings of Islam. The emergence of Islam is closely related to the history of its birthplace, the city of Mecca. Besides, Abdullah Saeed also discussed the beginning of the development of religious knowledge, which was immediately explained by the Qur'an and the emergence of sects that influenced the course of change towards truth. Each of these sects and sects has its doctrine, and if there is anything against it, there is undoubtedly a separate assessment of the differences that are believed. Several groups with various theological or religio-political orientations emerged. Among them are Kharijis (khawarij), Shia, Qadaris (qadariyya), Mu‘tazilis (mu‘tazila), Jabris (jabriyya) and Murji'is (murji'a).</em></p>

Toward an Islamic Framework for Worldview Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-43
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Berghout
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Of Inquiry ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The paper examines the importance of designing a framework for studying worldviews within the parameters of contemporary Islamic thought. It briefly reviews both selected western and Islamic stances on worldview studies. The literature reveals that research on this topic and its application to different spheres has become a topic of some interest to many intellectual circles, particularly in the western context. Hence, the possibility of forming an Islamic civilizational framework for an inquiry into people’s worldviews needs to be assessed. This article follows a textual analysis and inductive approach to analyze the prospects of formulating an Islamic framework for research on worldviews and its applications. It concludes that western scholars have made considerable efforts in treating people’s worldviews as a field of study, while Muslim scholars have not. In this respect, many western researchers have contributed to developing worldview studies as a separate field of inquiry, including the history of concept, subject matter, objectives, kinds, methods, and applications. Therefore, the need to enhance the Islamic input and research pertaining to this field by introducing an Islamic civilizational framework and approach of inquiry becomes apparent.

Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Dennis Michael Warren
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The late Dr. Fazlur Rahman, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Islamic Thought at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, has written this book as number seven in the series on Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions. This series has been sponsored as an interfaith program by The Park Ridge Center, an Institute for the study of health, faith, and ethics. Professor Rahman has stated that his study is "an attempt to portray the relationship of Islam as a system of faith and as a tradition to human health and health care: What value does Islam attach to human well-being-spiritual, mental, and physical-and what inspiration has it given Muslims to realize that value?" (xiii). Although he makes it quite clear that he has not attempted to write a history of medicine in Islam, readers will find considerable depth in his treatment of the historical development of medicine under the influence of Islamic traditions. The book begins with a general historical introduction to Islam, meant primarily for readers with limited background and understanding of Islam. Following the introduction are six chapters devoted to the concepts of wellness and illness in Islamic thought, the religious valuation of medicine in Islam, an overview of Prophetic Medicine, Islamic approaches to medical care and medical ethics, and the relationship of the concepts of birth, contraception, abortion, sexuality, and death to well-being in Islamic culture. The basis for Dr. Rahman's study rests on the explication of the concepts of well-being, illness, suffering, and destiny in the Islamic worldview. He describes Islam as a system of faith with strong traditions linking that faith with concepts of human health and systems for providing health care. He explains the value which Islam attaches to human spiritual, mental, and physical well-being. Aspects of spiritual medicine in the Islamic tradition are explained. The dietary Jaws and other orthodox restrictions are described as part of Prophetic Medicine. The religious valuation of medicine based on the Hadith is compared and contrasted with that found in the scientific medical tradition. The history of institutionalized medical care in the Islamic World is traced to awqaf, pious endowments used to support health services, hospices, mosques, and educational institutions. Dr. Rahman then describes the ...

Analysis of count data in the setting of cervical cancer detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196-1198
Author(s):  
Christina G Bracamontes ◽  
Thelma Carrillo ◽  
Jane Montealegre ◽  
Leonid Fradkin ◽  
Michele Follen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Language Preference ◽  
A Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Zip Model ◽  
Endocervical Canal

Women with an abnormal Pap smear are often referred to colposcopy, a procedure during which endocervical curettage (ECC) may be performed. ECC is a scraping of the endocervical canal lining. Our goal was to compare the performance of a naïve Poisson (NP) regression model with that of a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model when identifying predictors of the number of distress/pain vocalizations made by women undergoing ECC. Data on women seen in the colposcopy clinic at a medical school in El Paso, Texas, were analyzed. The outcome was the number of pain vocalizations made by the patient during ECC. Six dichotomous predictors were evaluated. Initially, NP regression was used to model the data. A high proportion of patients did not make any vocalizations, and hence a ZIP model was also fit and relative rates (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated. AIC was used to identify the best model (NP or ZIP). Of the 210 women, 154 (73.3%) had a value of 0 for the number of ECC vocalizations. NP identified three statistically significant predictors (language preference of the subject, sexual abuse history and length of the colposcopy), while ZIP identified one: history of sexual abuse (yes vs no; adjusted RR=2.70, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.97). ZIP was preferred over NP. ZIP performed better than NP regression. Clinicians and epidemiologists should consider using the ZIP model (or the zero-inflated negative binomial model) for zero-inflated count data.

scholarly journals The influence of associative reward learning on motor inhibition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rebecca Marchner ◽  
Claudia Preuschhof
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Behavioural Activation ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
A Value ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pavlovian Learning ◽  
Subsequent Task

AbstractStimuli that predict a rewarding outcome can cause difficulties to inhibit unfavourable behaviour. Research suggests that this is also the case for stimuli with a history of reward extending these effects on action control to situations, where reward is no longer accessible. We expand this line of research by investigating if previously reward-predictive stimuli promote behavioural activation and impair motor inhibition in a second unrelated task. In two experiments participants were trained to associate colours with a monetary reward or neutral feedback. Afterwards participants performed a cued go/no-go task, where cues appeared in the colours previously associated with feedback during training. In both experiments training resulted in faster responses in rewarded trials providing evidence of a value-driven response bias as long as reward was accessible. However, stimuli with a history of reward did not interfere with goal-directed action and inhibition in a subsequent task after removal of the reward incentives. While the first experiment was not conclusive regarding an impact of reward-associated cues on response inhibition, the second experiment, validated by Bayesian statistics, clearly questioned an effect of reward history on inhibitory control. This stands in contrast to earlier findings suggesting that the effect of reward history on subsequent action control is not as consistent as previously assumed. Our results show that participants are able to overcome influences from Pavlovian learning in a simple inhibition task. We discuss our findings with respect to features of the experimental design which may help or complicate overcoming behavioural biases induced by reward history.

A System for Individualized Dosing of Intravenous Aminophylline Using a Programmable Calculator

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
J. Chris Mitsuoka ◽  
Richard J. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Serum Sample ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Programmable Calculator ◽  
Concentration Determination ◽  
A Value ◽  
Individualized Dosing ◽  
History Of

A program that calculates a value of clearance for an individual patient prior to reaching steady state in the early stages of aminophylline therapy is presented. The program is written for the Texas Instruments TI-59 programmable calculator and may be used with or without the PC-100C printer. The program can provide clinically useful information concerning projected plasma concentrations prior to reaching steady state with an accurate history of the dose administration and serum concentration determination. If the patient has not received xanthene therapy prior to admission, only one serum sample is required. If there has been prior drug exposure, a second serum sample is required. An iterative technique, which would be impractical to use without calculator assistance, is employed to make these determinations.

Pragmatism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin McKenna ◽  
Maurice Hamington
Keyword(s):  
Care Ethics ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
American Pragmatism ◽  
Jane Addams ◽  
Utopian Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
Feminist Work

This chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in feminist philosophical engagements with the uniquely American intellectual tradition often referred to as American pragmatism. After introducing pragmatism, the foundational feminist work and influence of Jane Addams is presented, followed by a discussion of other noteworthy contributors to feminist pragmatism. Significant themes in feminist pragmatism including race and identity, epistemology, care ethics, utopian thinking, and environmentalism are explored. The chapter addresses the extent to which feminist work has changed or entered the mainstream of the American pragmatism, as well as current and future directions of feminist pragmatism. In addition to offering a history of the development of feminist pragmatism, the chapter considers how feminism is a resource for pragmatism and how pragmatism is a resource for feminist philosophy.

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