Uncertainty of the Imported Products and Its Effect on the Income Distribution of Importer

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Uncertainty

This paper aims to test the uncertainty of the imported products and its effect on the income distribution of importers. This research firstly shows Korea as the risk preference. We show that the relationship between capital and labor has been evolved from when there is no uncertainty to when there is uncertainty, while the relationship between import and capital is complementary. This result proves that the lower uncertainty of imported products hampers the capital of the importing country while it benefits the labor market.

The State’s Role in Ensuring Fair Income Distribution in Vietnam Today: Some Issues from the Theory of Justice as Fairness by John Rawls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Economic Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

Fairness in income distribution is a factor that both motivates employees and contributes to maintaining social stability. In Vietnam, fair income distribution has been studied from various perspectives. In this article, through the analysis and synthesis of related documents and evidence, and from the perspective of economic philosophy, the author applies John Rawls’s Theory of Justice as Fairness to analyze some issues arising from the implementation of the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution from 1986 to present. These are unifying the perception of fairness in income distribution; solving the relationship between economic efficiency and social equality; ensuring benefits for the least-privileged people in society; and controlling income. On that basis, the author makes some recommendations to enhance the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution in Vietnam. Received 11thNovember 2019; Revised 10thApril 2020; Accepted 20th April 2020

Time’s Up! Shorter Hours, Public Policy, and Time Flexibility as an Antidote to Youth Unemployment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Eva Maich ◽  
Jamie K. McCallum ◽  
Ari Grant-Sasson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work Scheduling

This chapter explores the relationship between hours of work and unemployment. When it comes to time spent working in the United States at present, two problems immediately come to light. First, an asymmetrical distribution of working time persists, with some people overworked and others underemployed. Second, hours are increasingly unstable; precarious on-call work scheduling and gig economy–style employment relationships are the canaries in the coal mine of a labor market that produces fewer and fewer stable jobs. It is possible that some kind of shorter hours movement, especially one that places an emphasis on young workers, has the potential to address these problems. Some policies and processes are already in place to transition into a shorter hours economy right now even if those possibilities are mediated by an anti-worker political administration.

scholarly journals Local Labor Markets and Child Learning Outcomes in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Tsaneva ◽  
Uttara Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
District Level ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper uses data from rural India to study the relationship between local labor market opportunities and child education outcomes. We construct a Bartik index as a measure of exogenous changes in district-level labor demand and find that an increase in predicted overall employment growth is associated with higher years of education and better test scores for both boys and girls of primary school age. The effects on test scores of older boys are smaller and less statistically significant. Older girls, however, do benefit from better labor market opportunities. We do not find evidence for changes in school quality or district-level investment. Instead, we find support for increases in household education spending, possibly because of overall higher wages, or re-allocation of resources.

scholarly journals Market Imperfections and Income Distribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1147-1167
Author(s):  
Ensar Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Market Imperfections ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Sector Model ◽  
Two Sectors

Abstract This paper aims to search links between market imperfections and functional income distribution. For this purpose we construct a two-sector model – wage goods and luxury goods producing sectors – incorporating imperfections of the product and labor markets under income inequality. In a structure with interdependent and partially monopolistic and competitive markets, we analytically trace up the effects of the changes in power relations proxied by the degree of mark-ups in the product and labor market. The model shows that price and wage mark-ups in two sectors have crucial income distribution implications for the agents in the economy to varying extents. It also demonstrates the effect of the existence of the differentiated consumption patterns arising from income inequality on income distribution. Furthermore, it seems that unemployment level creates externalities on wage rate and on corporate taxes of firms.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Nemati ◽  
Ghasem Raisi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, improvement in income distribution and poverty eradication and hence low inequality are served as the main objectives of economic and social development strategy even prior than primary tasks of governments. to manifest importance of income distribution, some economists adopt income inequality and income distribution in society as criteria for economic system of the community, although these criteria and measures are theoretical for the economic system and this varies from the perspective of different people, however, it denotes on  importance of income distribution among individuals. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of economic growth on income inequality in the selection of low-income developing countries.To this end, using panel data and data for 28 developing countries over the period 1990-2010 the relationship between GDP and the Gini coefficient was examined. The results indicate that as per hypothesis Kuznets in the early stages of growth, income inequality increases and then it declines in later stage.

scholarly journals The Wider Impacts of Universities: Habermas on Learning Processes and Universities

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Eckhardt Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Societal Impact ◽  
Functionalist Theory ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The discourse of reform in higher education tends to focus narrowly on employability and the relationship between higher education and the labor market. Universities as research institutions are now considered solely in the dominant discourse of innovation. This way of conceiving universities is inspired by functionalist theory that focuses on the imperatives of a knowledge economy. Taking a departure in the theory of society developed by Jürgen Habermas this paper seeks to provide a theoretical framework for an empirical comparative analysis on the wider societal impact of universities. It is the argument that the wider impacts of higher education and research at universities must be seen in a more complex vision of modern societies. The paper is thus primarily a re-reading of Habermas’ critique of functionalist views of the university and an application of Habermas’ critique on current issues in the debates on higher education. A special discussion will be taken on issues of the self in view of the current tendencies to regard all education from the standpoint of the economic outputs.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Poverty and Economic Development: A Study on the Regions of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ay ◽  
Emine Fırat ◽  
Fatih Mangır
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Is Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The concept of development has been evaluated by several economic scholars within different historical processes. The meaning of the concept has changed towards the direction from a single theoretical perspective into a multi-theoretical perspective. One of these perspectives is alleviation of poverty. Poverty appears when people cannot meet basic needs for their lives. Poverty level is total amount of expenditure which is necessary to meet the basic needs. Poverty level is the determinant of welfare level of a country and its regions. Poverty numbers and poverty level are criteria indicating to what extent is development achieved. Income distribution is another issue which must be handled with poverty. Fair distribution of income must be an important policy in alleviating poverty. In this context, impact of income distribution must be positive on development level. In this study, the relationship between poverty and development has been presented within the context of Turkey and its regions.

scholarly journals Structural victimisation and trafficking in people in Serbia: Coping strategies and criminalisation risks

Temida ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Criminal Enterprise ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Individual Choices ◽  
The Relationship

This paper tends to explore the relationship between structural victimisation and criminal behavior of people traffickers in Serbia. Looking for conditions under which people in transition and war affected societies create individual choices and motivations, the author attempted to contribute to better understanding of trafficking in people in Serbia, as the form of organized and professional crime, as well as survival strategy. The main theoretical departure of the analysis is economic approach to crime as well as concept of organized crime as criminal enterprise, which represents illegal counterpart of the legal enterprise. Trafficking in people is explored primarily from the prospective of labor market as well as criminal enterprise where division of jobs, status and power is organized in the similar way as in legal enterprise. In the concluding part, possible social responses are mapped which may be considered as alternatives or supplements to penalties for low level people traffickers.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the Relationship Between Education and the Labor Market in the Republic of Armenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Arman MANUKYAN
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
University System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the interrelated relationship between education and the labour market. The balance of the labour market-university system is considered as the main problem. It is substantiated that today, with the state system's management, it is possible to achieve greater efficiency. In the absence of public administration, employers and universities find it difficult to find systematized solutions independently. The article presents some of the most relevant solutions, which are more practical for urgent correction of the situation.

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