scholarly journals The effects of physico-chemical characteristics of sandy soils amended with biochar, Ricinus and NPK (17-17-17) on the Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Kinshasa (DR Congo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 16087-16094
Author(s):  
Jeancy Ntuka Luta ◽  
Alasca Ekuya Lombolu ◽  
Paul Mafuka Mbe-Mpie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Physico Chemical

Objectives: In order to improve the physico-chemical characteristics of sandy soils in Kinshasa, the biochar, leaves of Ricinus communis, NPK fertilizer and their combinations were used. Okra was grown as the test plant during two growing seasons. Methodology and Results: The experimentation was carried in polyethylene bags with seven treatments and 4 replications. Each sand bag filled with sandy soil was amended with 300gms 900gms and 15gms respectively for biochar, Ricinus leaves and NPK which were only applied during the first cropping season. The soil was analysed before the trial and after each harvest. Biochar combined with mineral fertilizer and leaves of Ricinus leaves improved both Okra yield and the physico-chemical characteristics the soil. The highest yield in the first growing season was 6 times more than that of the control. In the second season, only the biochar associated with mineral fertilizer had given a satisfying yield. Conclusion and application of results. For an integrated management of fertility of the sandy soil of Kinshasa, use of mineral fertilizers should be accompanied of rational application of organic matter. Biochar appears to be very useful to solve problems of water retention and nutrients brought to this type of soil. The price of fertilizer and biochar are not any time affordable by the smallholders; therefore the use of ricinus leaves, which are very accessible and easy to collect free of charge, appears to be economically profitable. By the way, yields obtained compared with these from fertilizer and biochar are the same. Keywords: Sandy soil, biochar, pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, phosphorus. RESUME Objectifs : Dans la recherche de l’amélioration des caractéristiques physico-chimiques de sol sableux de Kinshasa, le biochar, les feuilles de Ricinus communis, le NPK et leurs combinaisons ont été utilisé. Le Gombo a servi de plante texte pendant deux saisons culturales. Méthodologie et résultats : L’expérimentation comprenait quatre répétitions et sept traitements. Les poquets amendés par 300gr, 900gr, et 15gr respectivement pour biochar, feuilles de ricin et NPK (17-17-17), étaient appliqués seulement à la 1ère saison culturale. Le sol était analysé avant l’expérimentation et après chaque récolte. Le biochar combiné à l’engrais minéral et aux feuilles de ricin a amélioré à la fois le rendement de Ntuka et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 The effects of physico-chemical characteristics of sandy soils amended with biochar, Ricinus and NPK (17-17-17) on the Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Kinshasa (DR Congo) 16088 gombo et les caractéristiques physico-chimiques étudiées du sol. Le rendement le plus élevé à la première saison était 6 fois plus que celui du témoin. A la deuxième saison, seul le biochar associé à l’engrais minéral a donné un rendement satisfaisant. Conclusion et application des résultats : Pour une gestion intégrée de la fertilité de ce sol sableux de Kinshasa, l’utilisation des engrais minéraux devrait être accompagnée d’une application adéquate de la matière organique. Le biochar s’avère très important pour améliorer le problème de la rétention en eau et des éléments nutritifs à apporter à ce type de sol. Le prix des engrais et du biochar n’étant pas tout le temps abordable par les petits fermiers, l’utilisation des feuilles de ricin qui sont accessible et facile à ramasser sans frais s’avère économiquement rentable. En outre, le rendement obtenu, comparé à ceux de la combinaison des engrais et du biochar, il n’y a pas de différence. Mots clés: Sols sableux, biochar, pH, capacité d’échange cationique, matière organique, phosphore

scholarly journals Differences in soil organic matter and humus of sandy soil after application of biochar substrates and combination of biochar substrates with mineral fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Dušan Šrank ◽  
Vladimír Šimanský
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
The Impact

The effort to achieve the sustainable farming system in arable soil led to the intensive search for a new solution but an inspiration can also be found in the application of traditional methods of soil fertility improvement as it is shown in numerous examples in history. Recently many scientific teams have focused their attention on the evaluation of biochar effects on soil properties and crop yields. Since there are a lot of knowledge gaps, especially in explanations how biochar can affect soil organic matter (SOM) and humus substances, we aimed this study at the solution of these questions. Therefore, the objective of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of two biochar substrates (B1 – biochar blended with sheep manure, and B2 – biochar blended with sheep manure and the residue from the biogas station) at two rates (10 and 20 t ha-1) applied alone or in combination with mineral fertilizers (Urea was applied in 2018, at rate 100 kg ha-1, and Urea at rate 100 kg ha-1 + AMOFOS NP 12-52 at 100 kg ha-1 were applied in 2019) on the quantity and quality of SOM and humus of sandy soil (Arenosol, Dolná Streda, Slovakia). The results showed that application of the biochar substrates together with mineral fertilizers (MF) had more pronounced effect on the organic matter mineralization in the sandy soil which resulted in low accumulation of soil organic carbon (Corg) and labile carbon compared to biochar substrates treatments without MF. The share of humic substances in Corg significantly decreased by 16, 50, 16 and 24% in B1 at 10 t ha-1, B1 at 20 t ha-1, B2 at 10 t ha-1 and B2 at 20 t ha-1 treatments, respectively, compared to the control. A similar tendency was observed for biochar substrates treatments + MF, compared to MF control. The carbon content of humic substances (CHS) was equal to 4.40 – 5.80 g kg-1 and the biochar substrates had statistically significant influence on CHS content. On average, there was a smaller decrease of CHS in B1 at rate 10 t ha-1 than at rate 20 t ha-1 and no effect of B2 compared to control. The carbon content of fulvic acid (CFA) was 9% higher in B1 at 10 t ha-1, and 20 t ha-1, 47% higher in B2 at 10 t ha-1 and 17% higher in B2 at 20 t ha-1 compared to control. As a result of biochar substrates + MF application, the reduction in CFA was observed. The results showed a decrease of CHA : CFA ratio with association to biochar substrates alone application compared to control on one hand, and a wider of CHA : CFA ratio in biochar substrates + MF treatments in comparison to MF control on the other hand. Humus stability was increased in biochar substrates alone treatments compared to control, on the other hand, compared to MF control, the application of biochar substrates + MF resulted in a lower humus stability.

Water repellence in sandy soils of South-Western Australia. II. Some chemical characteristics of the hydrophobic skins

Soil Research ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Roberts ◽  
BA Carbon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Water Repellence ◽  
Humic Fraction

The hydrophobic organic skins on sand grains were resistant to removal by solvents such as cold water, concentrated acid, diethyl ether, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, and acetone. Prolonged treatment with hot diethyl ether, ethanol, and benzene removed part of the coating. Treatment with dilute solutions of alkali removed the skin as suspended particles. Compounds within the very stable humic fraction of the soil organic matter appeared to be mainly responsible for water repellence in soils. Deposits of fresh organic materials could also produce water repellent properties.

scholarly journals Growth of willow energy plantations on the marginal lands of the Kyiv Polissia

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. D. Fuchylo ◽  
B. V. Zelinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Energy Plantations

Purpose. Investigation of the features of growth, development and productivity of energy willow varieties on peat-bog and alluvial sandy soils in the floodplains of the Kyiv Polissia rivers. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical, and statistical. Results. It is advisable to use the variety ‘Zbruch’, to create willow energy plantations on the peat-swampy soils of the Kyiv Polissia. It is characterized by the highest yield of three-year biomass (9.84 t/ha), while in the ‘Ternopil’ cultivar the maximum was 3.29 t/ha and in the Salix triandra clone 2.68 t/ha. On alluvial sandy soil, the highest average height (194 ± 6.6 cm), with a productivity of two-year biomass of 3.15 t/ha had Swedish variety ‘Tordis’. In addition, relatively high productivity have Polish varietyes ‘082’ and ‘1047’ and the domestic variety ‘Ternopil’. The productivity of the latter after two years of growth on the sandy soil is 1.53–6.41 t/ha, and after three years on the peat soil only 1.74–3.29 t/ha. To increase the productivity of energy plantations of willow on fresh alluvial sandy soils, it is advisable to apply organic and mineral fertilizers, and on peat soils to apply deep plowing, to conduct proper control over the number of weeds, to use the density of planting cuttings about 20 000 plants ha and a 4-year biomass harvest cycle. Conclusions. It is established that in alluvial soils of floodplains of Kyiv Polissia rivers, fresh alluvial soils are more suitable for growing willow energy plantations than rich on organic substances moist peat-bog soils. ‘Tordis’, ‘082’, ‘1047’ and ‘Ternopil’ varieties are promising for growing on the sandy soils of the study area, and ‘Zbruch’ for peat soils. Considering the low fertility of the studied variants of marginal lands, in order to increase the efficiency of cultivation of energy biomass of willow on them, first of all, it is necessary to improve the water-physical properties of soils.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soils under Cacao Production System in Davao de Oro, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
Nelvin Villason ◽  
Dernie Olguera
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Production System ◽  
High Water ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nutrient Analyses

The study was conducted to understand the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils under cacao production system in Davao de Oro, Philippines. Eight (8) cacao farms were selected for detailed field characterization and sampling of soils for various nutrient analyses. Fertility status of each selected farm was determined by comparing the fertility properties of each soil with the critical nutrient level requirement for cacao. Results showed that most of the soils have a dark brown soil color in the upper horizons, and dark, yellowishbrown in the lower horizons. They range from moderately deep to very deep soil profile (19 to 150 cm), with very friable to extremely firm when moist, slightly sticky to very sticky, and slightly plastic to very plastic when soil consistence is wet. Lower elevations had shallow solum with high water table, resulting in the development of mottles and redoximorphic properties. The amount of clay ranged from 9 to 37%, with 18 to 40% for silt, and 30 to 68% for sand. Most of the cacao farms were intercropped with coconut, durian, lanzones, rubber, and banana. Most of the soils are moderate to slightly acidic, with pH values < 6.5 and CEC ranging from 10 to 34 meq/100g. Moreover, most of the areas have low organic matter (1.66%) except for the areas which continually applied organic matter during fertilization (4.60%). The amount of nitrogen (N) is optimum; however, phosphorus (P) was generally deficient in the soils of most cacao farms surveyed, while amount of potassium (K) ranges from 41.30 to 375.60 mg/kg.

Physico-chemical Characteristics of Soils of Pothwar and Determination of Organic Matter

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Fateh ◽  
Muhammad Arshad . ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Naeem . ◽  
Muhammad Imran Latif .
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Analysis of Cicer arietinum L. under Paper Industrial Effluent Stress conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2099-2103
Author(s):  
Rajat Chaudhary ◽  
Sonam Arya ◽  
Shweta Tyagi ◽  
Anurag Mishra ◽  
Vaishali Vaishali
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Physico Chemical

To study the effect of paper industrial effluent on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) along with different concentration (10%, 20% 40%, 60% 80% and 100%) and pure tape water as a control to compare the effect of paper industrial effluent for 7 days. Physico-chemical characteristics of paper effluent were analyzed in terms of pH, colour, order temperature, DO, BOD, COD, Total hardness, carbonated hardness. All the parameters were found to be higher than the WHO prescribed discharge limits for effluent. The amount of carbohydrate, protein and reducing sugar were comparable with control, their amount were increased at 40% in effluent treated seeds. The chlorophyll content was increased simultaneously with effluent concentration. From this study it is clear that the industrial effluent rich in organic matter and plant nutrients are finding their use in agriculture as cheaper way of disposal.

Long-term effect of organic amendments, mineral fertilizers and combinations thereof,  on plant yield, soil physic-chemical and microbiological properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Kurzemann ◽  
Ulrich Plieger ◽  
Maraike Probst ◽  
Heide Spiegel ◽  
Taru Sandén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Physico Chemical

&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of mineral fertilizer, different composts and combinations of compost/fertilizer as soil amendments on a loamy silt Cambisol after a 27-year field trial. Four different composts were used: urban organic waste (OWC), green waste (GC), farmyard manure (MC) and sewage sludge compost (SSC). In addition to plant growth, (physico-)chemical and microbiological changes in soil properties following amendment were analysed: total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (N), soil pH, water holding capacity (WHC), basal respiration (BR), microbial biomass (C&lt;sub&gt;mic&lt;/sub&gt;) and microbial community composition. Fertilization promoted plant growth, when SSC or GC in addition with mineral fertilizer were applied compared to control. Concerning the (physico-) chemical properties only minor differences among the treatments were found. Phosphorus concentrations were three times higher in plots receiving SSC and SSC + N&amp;#160; than control or mineral N fertilizer alone and magnesium concentrations in plots treated with SSC were lower compared to soils treated with GC and MC, respectively. The bacterial community exceeded the fungal one in terms of both richness and diversity. Further, bacterial richness, diversity and community composition differed significantly among the treatments, whereas differences in fungal richness, diversity and composition seemed negligible. Our conclusion is that composts produced from various source materials serve as a valuable source for plant nutrients and can partially substitute mineral fertilizers, modulate soil microbial community and increase fertility. This way, they contribute to the mitigation of climate change.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soil Fertility, N2 Fixation and Yield of Chickpea as Influenced by Long-Term Biochar Application under Mung–Chickpea Cropping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9008
Author(s):  
Shadman Khan ◽  
Zahir Shah ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad Mian ◽  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N

A research study was established at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during winter 2018–2019. Commercial biochars were given to the experimental site from 2014 to summer 2018 and received 0.95, 130 and 60 tons ha−1 of biochar by various treatments viz., (Biochar1) BC1, (Biochar2) BC2, (Biochar3) BC3 and (Biochar4) BC4, respectively. This piece of work was conducted within the same study to find the long-term influence of biochar on the fertility of the soil, fixation of N2, as well as the yie1d of chickpea under a mung–chickpea cropping system. A split plot arrangement was carried out by RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) to evaluate the study. Twenty-five kilograms of N ha−1 were given as a starter dosage to every plot. Phosphorous and potassium were applied at two levels (half (45:30 kg ha−1) and full (90:60 kg ha−1) recommended doses) to each of the four biochar treatments. The chickpea crop parameters measured were the numbers and masses of the nodules, N2 fixation and grain yield. Soil parameters recorded were Soil Organic Matter (SOM), total N and mineral N. The aforementioned soil parameters were recorded after harvesting. The results showed that nodulation in chickpea, grain yield and nutrient uptake were significantly enhanced by phosphorous and potassium mineral fertilizers. The application of biochar 95 tons ha−1 significantly enhanced number of nodules i-e (122), however statistically similar response in terms of nodules number was also noted with treatment of 130 tons ha−1. The results further revealed a significant difference in terms of organic matter (OM) (%) between the half and full mineral fertilizer treatments. With the application of 130 tons ha−1 of biochar, the OM enhanced from 1.67% in the control treatment, to 2.59%. However, total and mineral nitrogen were not statistically enhanced by the mineral fertilizer treatment. With regard to biochar treatments, total and mineral N enhanced when compared with the control treatment. The highest total N of 0.082% and mineral nitrogen of 73 mg kg−1 in the soil were recorded at 130 tons ha−1 of biochar, while the lowest total N (0.049%) and mineral nitrogen (54 mg kg−1) in the soil were recorded in the control treatment. The collaborative influence of mineral fertilizers and biochars was found to be generally non-significant for most of the soil and plant parameters. It could be concluded that the aforementioned parameters were greater for treatments receiving biochar at 95 tons or more per hectare over the last several years, and that the combination of lower doses of mineral fertilizers further improved the performance of biochar.

CARACTERISTIQUES MINERALOGIQUES ET CHIMIQUES DE QUELQUES SOLS SABLEUX DU QUEBEC EN REGARD DE LEUR EVOLUTION PEDOLOGIQUE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. LAVERDIERE ◽  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
A. D’AVIGNON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Podzolic Soils

A, B and C horizons of 13 sandy soil series were sampled in the lowlands of southern Quebec. From the amounts of pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and Al and clay contents, nine of these profiles were classified as Podzolic soils while the others were Brunisols. Formation of montmorillonite and dissolution of chlorite in Ae horizons indicate intense weathering of the minerals at this level. In the B horizons, vermiculite that was present in the parent material or resulted from the alteration of illite was often chloritized. Values of pH measured in 1 M NaF were generally higher than 10.2 for the B horizons. The amounts of phosphorus retained by the samples varied in the following ranges: 23–397 μg P/g of soil for A horizons, 301–1578 μg P/g of soil for B horizons and 71–296 μg P/g of soil for C horizons. Cation exchange capacity of the soils was lower than 10 meq/100 g of soil, except in those horizons that contained high amounts of organic matter and where values up to 27.6 meq/100 g were measured. Using regression equations, values were obtained for the CEC of the organic matter and the clay fraction of these sandy soils.

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