scholarly journals DESTINATION CITIES OF MIGRANTS IN EUROPE: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Nataliya Komar
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The City

Introduction. Migration is a global phenomenon that has no borders and affects all countries without exception. Subjective and objective reasons determine migration flows in the world. More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. Popular and attractive, with their infrastructure, dynamic labor force market, development of integration and consolidation, inclusion, countries / destination cities of migrants who are looking for a better life and more possibilities for employment and social protection. Cities meet the urgent needs of migrants and respond to amount of integration challenges. The majority of cities, which are under considerable pressure from migrants, especially refugees, are awareness that well-managed migration can bring not only challenges but also opportunities and initiatives which can benefit from the economy and society, especially in the long time period. The goal of the article is to research the European continent as a location for migrants and refugees and also to analyze challenges and opportunities for cities destination under influence of migrant’s flows. Method (methodology). The methodological basis of the article are the following general scientific and empirical methods, such as: historical, systemic, generalization method, grouping, comparative method. Results. According to the ratings, Germany (Berlin), Great Britain (London), France (Paris), Poland (Gdansk) are the most popular countries / cities for migrants in the European continent. Migrants may be a burden to the city, because in its turn mentioned one spends public money on their upkeep. At the same time, migrants may be more talented and skilled workers, less demanding than local population. That is why a government and business of destination city of migrants can cooperate effectively in order to maximize potential of immigrants in cities. The main factors which attract migrants in destination cities are economic opportunities of ones. In particular, the attractiveness of Berlin for migrants is due to the fact that the city is innovative, creative and open to thought. Apart from the city has also dynamic labor market and low labor costs. It is worth noting that the majority of developed countries have demographic issues and aging nation, while young people in developing countries look for work due to imbalances in the domestic labor market. Migration, in the following destination cities (Berlin, Athens, Paris), has made its adjustments in the field of infrastructure, education, health care, urban planning, etc. In particular, the private and public sectors combine own attempts in order to solve migration issues in the long term period.

scholarly journals Peri-Urban Dynamics in Murcia Region (SE Spain): The Successful Case of the Altorreal Complex

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Rubén Giménez García ◽  
Ramón García Marín ◽  
José Serrano Martínez ◽  
Manuel Pulido Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
City Model ◽  
The City

The spatial pattern of the urban development recently experienced by large urban areas is significantly changing the traditional city model based on its compactness. It is generating new forms of urban organization that imply morphological, territorial, social, and functional changes. We analyzed the spatial impact generated by the construction of the Altorreal resort in the Murcia region and its effects on the local population (e.g. number of inhabitants). The results obtained highlight the importance of this resort in terms of space and population compared with other neighborhoods of the city.

Smart Cities and Digital Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Mamoona Humayun ◽  
N. Z. Jhanjhi ◽  
Malak Z. Alamri ◽  
Azeem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Governance ◽  
Smart Governance ◽  
Intelligent Security ◽  
The City

With the ubiquitous low-cost sensor devices and widespread use of IoT, the paradigm is shifted from urban areas towards a smart city. A smart city is an urban area that uses IoT technologies to collect data and manage resources efficiently. The vision is to improve the capabilities and to solve the citizens' problems (e.g., energy consumption, transportation, recycling, intelligent security, etc.) in an efficient way. A smart city is a multidimensional term including a smart economy, smart mobility, smart living, smart environment, smart people, and smart governance. Although the concept of a smart city is increasing and currently there exist many such cities in many developed countries, one of the key challenges faced by these cities is good governance. Smart cities need smart governance to run the city in a smarter way, and effective digital governance is a solution to this end. Digital governance refers to the use of digital technology in government practices.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INCOME OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE: IMPACT OF COVID-19

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Chubka ◽  
◽  
Roksolana Skip ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Real ◽  
State Income ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ratio Of Components

One of the important components of the economy of any state - income policy. The article analyzes the level of income of the population of Ukraine during 2010-2020. The labor market, employment are the most dynamic elements of a market economy. They not only intertwine the interests of workers and employers, but also reflect economic, political, demographic, social and other processes that significantly affect the demand and skills of workers, employment and unemployment, social protection and living standards. In addition to the nominal dynamics of income, the change in the real level of income was studied, during which it was found that the real available income level decreased significantly during 2014-2015. The impact of the coronary crisis on the well-being of the population is significant, as during the quarantine the incomes of Ukrainians significantly decreased, especially in the second quarter of 2020. In addition to the analysis of income, its components were studied. The lion's share is wages, but the share of social transfers is not much less than the share of wages. This ratio of components is a disproportion, in highly developed countries the situation is opposite. The article also considers the dynamics of the average and minimum levels of wages during 2010-2020, found that the average wage is much higher than the minimum, so there is a disparity in wages in Ukraine. Also, inequality in wages is observed on the following grounds: regional, sectoral and gender. A comparison of the average salary of Ukraine and a number of European countries was made. In Ukraine, labor is paid the lowest, which is one of the main reasons for labor migration. The article provides recommendations for improving the conditions of workers and employers in the labor market, which will lead to the development of Ukraine's economy as a whole.

Short-term income mobility in Latin America in the 2000s: intensity and characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Beccaria ◽  
Roxana Maurizio ◽  
Martin Trombetta ◽  
Gustavo Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Income Mobility ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Market Structures

Abstract The aim of this article is to compare the intensity and characteristics of short-term income mobility during the 2000s in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru, countries with very dissimilar labor market structures and social protection coverage. This period is particularly relevant since Latin America experienced sustained economic growth together with improvements in labor and social conditions. Results show that the degree of mobility is higher in the region than in certain developed countries. The presence of a large number of income rises in all seven cases is another main finding of the analysis. However, at the same time, a great proportion of households suffered a reduction in their income. Finally, differences in mobility between countries are more closely linked to those in labor market structures than to those derived from disparities in overall economic performance during the period under analysis.

scholarly journals A Review on Coastal Urban Ecology: Research Gaps, Challenges, and Needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Graells ◽  
Nao Nakamura ◽  
Juan L. Celis-Diez ◽  
Nelson A. Lagos ◽  
Pablo A. Marquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Ecology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The City

Coastal urban areas have dramatically increased during the last decades, however, coastal research integrating the impacts and challenges facing urban areas is still scarce. To examine research advances and critical gaps, a review of the literature on coastal urban ecology was performed. Articles were selected following a structured decision tree and data were classified into study disciplines, approaches, type of analysis, main research objectives, and Pickett's paradigms in-, of-, and for- the city, among other categories. From a total of 237 publications, results show that most of the research comes from the USA, China, and Australia, and has been carried out mostly in large cities with populations between 1 and 5 million people. Focus has been placed on ecological studies, spatial and quantitative analysis and pollution in coastal urban areas. Most of the studies on urban ecology in coastal zones were developed at nearshore terrestrial environments and only 22.36% included the marine ecosystem. Urban ecological studies in coastal areas have mainly been carried out under the paradigm in the city with a focus on the disciplines of biology and ecology. Results suggest a series of disciplinary, geographical, and approach biases which can present a number of risks. Foremost among these is a lack of knowledge on social dimensions which can impact on sustainability. A key risk relates to the fact that lessons and recommendations of research are mainly from developed countries and large cities which might have different institutional, planning and cultural settings compared to developing and mid-income countries. Scientific research on coastal urban areas needs to diversify toward an ecology of and for the cities, in order to support coastal development in a diversity of countries and settings.

scholarly journals Parques Urbanos de Curitiba (PR): Espacialidade, Planejamento e Turismo

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Calçada de Lamare Leite ◽  
Aline Patrícia Henz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Tourism Planning ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The City

As recentes transformações econômicas, sociais e culturais produzem modificações no planejamento das áreas urbanas, principalmente a disposição de espaços de lazer, também caracterizados como atrativos turísticos. Sendo a cidade um ambiente de encontro, trocas e realizações, associando sua diversificação e possibilidades de apropriação ao dinamismo, a urbanidade torna-se um atributo importante para o estabelecimento e manutenção do convívio social. Na lógica da atividade turística, a cidade é entendida como um produto que deve ter seus atributos desenvolvidos e direcionados à satisfação dos turistas. Para despertar o interesse do visitante, o planejamento local deve utilizar parâmetros de configuração dos instrumentos e equipamentos da cidade. A temática da atratividade associada à visitação, esta estritamente relacionada ao consumo do espaço. Consumo, que pode ser entendido como alvo de conhecimento, interesse em vivenciar determinado espaço com suas particularidades que o identificam, despertando a motivação em usufruir de suas singularidades. O objetivo central deste artigo é qualificar os principais parques urbanos de Curitiba apresentados como atrativos turísticos, no entendimento de que esta disposição espacial somada a oferta de serviços e infraestrutura potencializam sua atratividade para a atividade turística. De acordo com a Prefeitura Municipal, Curitiba dispõe de 17 parques urbanos (PMC, 2007), no entanto, esse trabalho limita-se a apresentar oito parques que estão inseridos no roteiro realizado pela Linha Turismo. A escolha desse universo justifica-se pelo fato de que essas localidades são atendidas pela Linha Turismo, um serviço turístico já consolidado na cidade que atende a diversos pontos, agregando atratividade e valor turístico por sua funcionalidade. A metodologia é de abordagem qualitativa e como técnicas, a pesquisa utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e observação direta. Foi possível demonstrar que a lógica de organização da cidade, esta cada vez mais relacionada a lógica da atividade turística e que, é interesse de ambas a integração e a socialização de interesses. O planejamento da cidade ocorrendo de maneira articulada ao planejamento do turismo é a condição para a ocorrência de um turismo atrativo e competitivo para a localidade. Além disso, as duas práticas ocorrendo de maneira articulada podem beneficiar o desenvolvimento local, influenciando na qualidade de vida da população local e, consequentemente, beneficiando a atividade turística. Urban Parks at Curitiba (PR, Brazil): Spatiality, Planning and Tourism ABSTRACT Recent economical, social and cultural transformations are causing changes on the planning of urban areas, mainly those relative to the disposition of leisure spaces, also characterized as touristic attractions. As the city is an environment of encounter, exchange and fulfillments, with its diversity and appropriation possibilities being associated to dynamism, urbanism becomes an important asset for the establishment and maintenance of social cohabitation. Under the logics of touristic activity, cities are comprehended as a product that requires its attributes to be developed and directed towards the satisfaction of tourists. So as to stimulate the visitor’s interest, local planning must apply configuration parameters of the city´s instruments and equipment. The issue about attractiveness in relation to visits, is strictly linked to space consumption. Consumption can be understood as the aim for knowledge, the interest to enjoy certain space with the characteristics that make it particular, motivating towards the use of its singularities. The main objective of this article is to describe the main urban parks of Curitiba presented as tourist attractions, which are presented as touristic attractions, as it is considered that such a spatial disposition, added to a service and infrastructure offer, augment their attractiveness for touristic activities. According to the Municipal Mayor´s office, Curitiba has seventeen (17) urban parks (PMC, 2016), however this research is limited to eight parks that are included in the itinerary deigned by the Linha Turismo. The selection of this universe is justified by the fact that they are places attended by the Linha Turismo, a consolidated touristic service in the city, which attends different spots, adding attractiveness and touristic value due to its functionality. It was possible to demonstrate that the city´s configuration logic is increasingly related to touristic activity, and that both issues appreciate the integration and socialization of interests. City planning, when articulated to tourism planning, is the basic condition to accomplish a touristic attractiveness and competitiveness for such a place. Furthermore, when both practices are articulated in their evolution, they benefit local development, thus having an impact on the wealth of the local population, and also benefitting touristic activity. KEYWORDS: Tourism; Planning; Urban Parks; Curitiba (PR, Brazil).

scholarly journals Relação entre turismo e dinâmica da paisagem em Bonito (MS) na perspectiva do modelo GTP (Geossistema-Território-Paisagem)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldir Leonel ◽  
Mercedes Abid Mercante ◽  
José Sabino ◽  
Mauro Henrique Soares da Silva ◽  
Milton Augusto Pasquotto Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
The City ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

O Município de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, tem desenvolvido a atividade de turismo desde o início dos anos 1990, levando à necessidade de infraestrutura física e turística para atender às demandas do fluxo de turistas, bem como à população local. Essas ações influenciam na mudança da paisagem. O referencial teórico suscitou questionamentos sobre a atividade do turismo praticado no Município. Para abranger as diversas variáveis que interferem no destino turístico, esta investigação utilizará uma proposta metodológica fundamentada nos conceitos de Geossistema–Território–Paisagem (GTP). Com a aplicação deste modelo, os aspectos do geossistema, do território e da paisagem são elementos intrínsecos que envolvem a sociedade em sua ampla discussão, visto a necessidade de se compreender o processo social e ambiental na constituição desses elementos. Busca-se analisar de forma multitemporal a dinâmica da mudança da paisagem e suas influências na evolução do turismo em Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, o qual teve um rápido desenvolvimento, no estabelecimento de empreendimentos turísticos, nos últimos 30 anos, apresentando diferentes impactos antrópicos que possam comprometer a sua qualidade ambiental. Assim, buscou-se compreender a dinâmica de evolução, no meio rural e urbano do Município, por meio da identificação de aspectos relacionados às mudanças da paisagem. Foram analisados dados elaborados inicialmente em gabinete, na confecção de mapas-base, utilizando o SPRING 5.2.6 (Sistema de Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas). Após esta etapa, foi realizado o trabalho de campo, com registros de notas e de fotografias. Os dados levantados foram agrupados e sistematizados por categorias que contêm informações que atendam aos objetivos do Modelo GTP. Dessa forma, os resultados contribuem para avaliar a trajetória do cenário local e realizar reflexões sobre as influências sofridas pela atividade econômica ali estudada, notadamente o turismo. Verificou-se nas imagens grande alteração no uso do solo, havendo decréscimo de vegetação em geral, corpo hídrico e solo exposto, aumento da vegetação de pastagens, área urbana, de atrativos turísticos e de lavouras temporárias. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças entre os anos de 1984 e 2014 na mudança da paisagem. As análises multitemporais contribuíram na compreensão da necessidade do planejamento em relação ao uso e ocupação de determinadas áreas, minimizando impactos decorrentes das ações antrópicas. Relationship between tourism and landscape dynamics in Bonito (MS, Brazil) in view of the GTP model (Geosystem-Territory-Landscape) ABSTRACT The city of Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, has developed the tourism activity since the early 1990s, influencing the need for physical infrastructure and tourism to meet the demands of the flow of tourists and the local population. These actions influence the changing landscape. The theoretical framework has raised questions about the tourism activity practiced in the city. To cover the different variables that affect the tourist destination, this research uses a methodology based on the concepts of Geosystem-Territory-Landscape (GTP). With the application of this model, aspects of geosystem, territory and landscape are intrinsic elements involving society in their broad discussion, as the need to understand the social and environmental process in the formation of these elements. Seeks to analyze multi-temporal shape the landscape changing dynamics and their influence on the evolution of tourism in Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, which had a rapid development in the establishment of tourism enterprises in the last 30 years, with different human impacts, that might compromise their environmental quality. Like this, we sought to understand the dynamics of development in rural and urban areas of the municipality, through the identification of aspects related to landscape changes. Data were analyzed initially developed in office, in the preparation of base maps using the 5.2.6 SPRING (Georeferenced Information Processing System). After this step was carried out fieldwork, with records of notes and photographs. The collected data were grouped and systematized by category containing information that meets the objectives of the GTP Model. In this way, the results contribute to evaluate the trajectory of the local scene and conduct reflections on the influences suffered by economic activity there studied, notably: tourism. It was the major change images in land use, with decrease of vegetation in general, water body and exposed soil, increasing vegetation pastures, urban, tourist attractions and temporary crops. The results showed differences between the years 1984 and 2014 in changing the landscape. The multi-temporal analysis contributed to the understanding of the need for planning in relation to the use and occupation of certain areas, minimizing impacts of anthropic actions. KEYWORDS: Society; Environment; GTP, Tourism.

scholarly journals The extent of upskilling of the argentine labor market: a simple analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (56) ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Alexis S. Esposto ◽  
Luis Federico Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Simple Analysis ◽  
Job Growth ◽  
Skill Requirement ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Using Data

Over the last three decades the labor market of most developed countries have experienced a sustained period of upskilling. This means an overall increase in the skill requirement of jobs determined by the demand for skilled labor. This suggests that their labor demand has become more skill intensive, shifting towards skilled workers relatively to unskilled workers. An analysis of job growth of the Argentine labor market between 1997 and 2009 using data from the EPH, evidences a process of deskilling over this period, with serious implications in terms of competitiveness and about issues related to increasing social and economic inequality.

scholarly journals Gender and life cycle approach in social protection to improve environmental managemet for urban sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 10002
Author(s):  
Donna Asteria ◽  
Budidarmono ◽  
Retty Dwi Handayani ◽  
Dyah Utari ◽  
Elok Faiqotul Mutia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study is to describe the environmental management strategy using gender and life cycle approach through social protection activities. Social protection activities are important in urban areas that undergo a transformation post-disaster in their urban system, related to the life cycle of people in the city and the framework of urban sustainability. The social protection will also increase people's access to environmental resouces so that people are able to participate in environmental management. Vulnerabilities and risks due to environmental degradation of cities require social protection efforts for the community, especially women includes household (family) to strenghten human skill in life cycle. The research used the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. This method utilized the expert judgments in the form of options that must be done by the stakeholders. The results of this study show that social protection with gender mainstreaming will increase the ability of citizens to participate and strengthen communities in managing the urban environment that achieve social justice for the community for the sustainability of the city. The contribution of this study can be an alternative strategy for environmental management in the city and more gender responsive policy making.

Index kvality životního prostředí pro stanovení environmentální spravedlnosti: případová studie Brno

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Kozumplíková ◽  
Ludmila Floková ◽  
Dana Hübelová
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Environmental Injustice ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Gis Data ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The City

For development strategic planning in urban areas, it is important to take into account, that the area is not homogenous in terms of economic, social or environmental. Ensuring fair authority’s approach is crucial for sustainable development of the area. An environmental quality index for city districts of Brno is proposed in this study. The aim of this study is to create an index, which uses public data and enables identification of city districts, which show higher vulnerability to environmental injustice. Employing GIS, data, which represent both environmental benefits, such as green and blue infrastructure, as well as environmental burden, e. g. air pollutants and noise level, was processed. Then the composite indicator was constructed. The case study showed that two basic areas can be distinguished within the city of Brno. In the northern part, urban areas with higher index values are clustered, which shows that the environmental benefits outweigh the burden. On the other hand, in the south there are city districts with a lower index value. This means that the environmental burden here is high and is not balanced by environmental benefits, which is a cause of an overall deterioration of amenities of the local population. Thus, a higher risk of environmental injustice can be identified here.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document