scholarly journals Knowledge of otic barotrauma among air travelers in Sialkot, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-357
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed Razi ◽  
Saleh Muhammad ◽  
Asif Javed ◽  
Javaid Riaz Qureshi ◽  
Miss Mahnoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Human Middle Ear

Background: Otic barotrauma (OBT) is defined as traumatic inflammation in human middle ear that occurs at the time of avian drop. However, it can be avoided using its adequate knowledge. The objective of present study was to evaluate the knowledge of the trauma among air travelers in Sialkot city of Punjab, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study enlisted male adult International air travelers (n=50) from Sialkot city, Pakistan between November 2018 and April 2019 using purposive sampling technique. A specially developed questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = .82) having 12 close-ended items on barotrauma (total possible score 12) was administered to the participants at their home. Level of knowledge was categorized as inadequate (score 0-6), moderate (7-9) and adequate (10-12). Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to see the association between adequate knowledge on the OBT and sociodemographic variables using a P-value < .05 as statistically significant. Results: Mean age of the participants was 47.60±9.9 years. Most of them (n=36; 72%) travelled for work reason. Almost all i.e. 46 (92%) gave correct response against item 1 (information provider about air trauma) and 12 (treatment of otic barotrauma) of the administered questionnaire. The rate of adequate knowledge on OBT was found to be higher among those having more than two-time travelling experience (82.9%, P = .02). However, there was no significant difference in knowledge of the barotrauma between people having less than or more than 12 years of science education (P = .59). All the business tourists (n = 5) had adequate knowledge of barotrauma followed by jobbers (n=25) and pilgrims (n=3), respectively. Conclusions: Business tourists have adequate knowledge on otic barotrauma associated with air travel than jobbers or Hajj/Umrah pilgrims.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL PROFESSIONALS REGARDING TOOTH RESTORABILITY AT A PUBLIC SECTOR TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali Shaikh ◽  
Afifa Yaseen ◽  
Amna Yaseen ◽  
Subhana Akber
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Dental Professionals

Background: Panoptic knowledge of dental professionals is required to provide care for patients with any dental problem which ranges from screening, emergency care or referral to alleviation of pain symptoms. Ideally to provide dental care, dental practice should be based on current clinical concepts originating from evidence-based dentistry which clearly demarcates a level between a tooth that is able to be restored so that intervention is done on it for esthetic and functional stability, or ready for extraction. Dental professionals' knowledge regarding tooth restorability is very crucial in restorative and preventive dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of dental professionals regarding tooth restorability. Methods: Knowledge regarding tooth restorability of dental professionals of Dow University of Health Sciences was assessed through a multi centered cross sectional study. A sample size of 140 participants was calculated using through open Epi version 3, and a convenient non-probability sampling technique was used. The study was conducted in May-June, 2018. An informed consent prior to the study was taken. The dental professionals were evaluated through a self- administered, structured questionnaire in English. The SPSS-23 was used to obtain results. The knowledge of the students was graded as adequate if >12 and inadequate if<12. Results: Out of 140 study participants, 113 (81%) dental professionals had significantly adequate knowledge (p-value <0.05); while 27 (19%) had inadequate knowledge. Among the respondents, 56% said that the traumatic dental injury must be treated by dentist whereas the others considered it to be treated by private doctor or by nearest hospital casualty. Conclusion: The knowledge of dental professionals working at teaching institutes is adequate; and as per their knowledge they might be taking right decisions regarding tooth restorability.

scholarly journals Assessment of Complete Coverage of Expanded Program on Immunization in Children at Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Qurat ul Ain Khalid ◽  
Imran Mahmood Khan ◽  
Wajeeha Amber ◽  
Aqmal Laeeq Chishti ◽  
Khawaja Amjad Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization

Background: Goal of the expanded program on immunization (EPI) is to ensure full immunization of children under one year of age to globally eradicate poliomyelitis, tetanus, measles-related deaths and to extend all new vaccines and preventive health interventions to children in all parts of the world. Demographic and health survey 2012-13 showed that in Pakistan complete immunization coverage is very low (54%) to achieve this goal. The objective of this study was to assess any improvement in terms of vaccination coverage in Pakistan in the last 3-4 years.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at outpatient department of Pediatric Medicine of Mayo Hospital Lahore from May, 2016 till November, 2016. The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to include patients after taking informed consent. Demographic details were collected and parents were questioned about different vaccinations received and confirmed through vaccination card. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 20 and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was applied for association among categorical variables.Results: Complete coverage of expanded program on immunization was achieved in 86% children. A statistically significant difference was noted between mother’s education and immunization coverage of children (P-value 0.013).Conclusions: Education of mother and socioeconomic status were two significant factors affecting immunization coverage. In order to meet target of 95% immunization coverage rate set by WHO, more awareness should be created among people with low socioeconomic status along with improvement of immunization facilities in these areas.Key words: Children, Expanded Program on Immunization, Immunization Coverage

Does Liquid-Based Technology Improve Detection of Cervical Epithelial Abnormalities and Worth in Low Resource Setting?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Sushna Maharjan ◽  
Mamata Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer among Nepalese women. Aims: This study was undertaken to assess the strength of liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional Pap smear (CPS) in detecting cervical dysplasia/cancer, and assess feasibility of LBC in our setting. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Samples were collected from 312 patients for CPS and LBC by split sampling technique. Smears were interpreted according to the Bethesda System. The results between two methods were compared and analyzed statistically by applying Chi-square and t-tests. Results: There was no significant difference in adequacy rates, representativeness, detection of organisms and epithelial abnormalities between two methods. Neutrophils, haemorrhage, mucus and debris were more in CPS than LBC (P value <0.05). Conclusion: We didn’t find significant difference between two methods in detecting cervical epithelial abnormalities. The high cost of LBC makes CPS still a better option in the countries with low resource setting.

scholarly journals Frequency of cusp of carabelli in maxillary permanent first molars and its association with dental caries in patients visiting Peshawar Dental Hospital, Peshawar.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106
Author(s):  
Sana Arbab ◽  
◽  
Munawar Aziz Khattak ◽  
Syed Amjad Shah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Hospital

Objective: To find out the frequency of cusp of Carabelli and its association with dental caries in maxillary permanent first molars in both male and female patients of Peshawar. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: OPD of Peshawar Dental Hospital, Peshawar. Period: July 2016 to December 2016. Material & Methods: A total of 300 patients (125 males and 175 females) were selected through consecutive sampling technique and the number of teeth examined was 600 (two teeth per patient). Age group selected for the patients was from 13 to 30 years. Both the genders having fully erupted maxillary permanent first molars on both sides of the jaw were included in the study and the teeth were examined usin0g mouth mirror while the presence of caries in Carabelli groove was checked with the help of dental explorer (probe). Results: Of the total 300 patients, 118 (39.3%) presented the cusp of Carabelli on maxillary permanent first molars and the number of teeth having the cusp was 192 (32%) out of the total 600 among them. 24.7% of the patients had cusp present on both right and left MPFM while 10.3% of patients had CC present only on right maxillary molars and in 4.3% of patients, it was located on left molars. Gender differentiation of the cusp did not show a statistically significant difference (p-value 0.140). The frequency of caries associated with the cusp of Carabelli groove was found to be 17.7%. Out these patients, 8 males (34.7%) and 15 females (65.2%) were affected. P value for this distribution was 0.651, which shows no statistically significant difference between genders for the presence of caries. Conclusion: The cusp of Carabelli is a common finding on the palatal surface of mesiolingual cusp of maxillary permanent first molars in a hospital-based population of Peshawar with no statistically significant difference between males and females. Caries in cusp of Carabelli groove is a common association with the cusp having no significant difference between genders.

scholarly journals Calcium levels and metabolic disturbance in renal disease patients receiving hemodialysis: a cross sectional study highlighting its association in dialysis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2563
Author(s):  
Wajeeha Elahi ◽  
Ameen Zubair Syed ◽  
Bilal Jamil ◽  
Madiha Arif ◽  
Nazia Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Mineral Levels

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the disturbances in Calcium and other mineral levels in patients on hemodialysis at Tabba Kidney Institute, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.Methods: A cross sectional observational study through convenient sampling technique was conducted from January 2017 to August 2017 at Tabba Kidney Institute, Karachi after obtaining ethical approval. 255 patients, all above 18 years of age and on hemodialysis were included in the study. Multi-organ failure patients on dialysis, other systemic diseased patients on hemodialysis were excluded. Demographic variables, mineral levels, symptoms and supplementations were recorded. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis.Results: A total of 255 patients on hemodialysis were selected and divided into groups depending upon median years of hemodialysis below and above 5 years of hemodialysis. Median and IQR of calcium were 8.8 and 8.2-9.1 mg/dl for below 5 years, 8.6 and 8.1-9.1 mg/dl for above 5 years (P value=0.44). Median and IQR of phosphate were 4.9 and 3.9-5.7 mg/dl for below 5 years and 4.6 and 3.7-5.5 mg/dl for above 5 years (P value=0.21). Median and IQR of parathyroid hormone were 393 and 212-699 pg/ml for below 5 years and 329 and 128-657 pg/ml for above 5 years. (P value=0.13) Median and IQR of albumin were 4.0 and 3.6-4.2 mg/dl for below 5 years and 4.0 and 3.8-4.3 for above 5 years (P value=0.30). Total of 18 (10.9%) had para thyroidectomy.Conclusions: Present study showed that significant difference in mineral levels did not exist in patients on hemodialysis as regards to the duration of dialysis. However clinical features had a tendency to decrease as duration of dialysis increased to above 5 years. Para thyroidectomy and itching were two main significant findings in this study.

scholarly journals ACUTE INFERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Jehan Zab ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Javed ◽  
Farman Ali
Keyword(s):  
Heart Block ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inferior Wall ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Almost All

Objectives: To find the frequency of complete heart block in acute inferior wallmyocardial infarction and its relation with severe obstructive disease of the infarct related artery.Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Cardiology Choudhary PervaizElahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan. Period: June 2016 to June 2017. Methodology: Noneprobably consecutive sampling technique was used. Collected data was entered and analyzedthrough statistical/computer software SPSS vrs 22, mean ± SD was calculated for quantitativedata and variables like, age and frequency (percentage) was calculated for qualitative datalike gender, dominant artery and CHB. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results:A total number of n=234 (100%) patients were included in this study, both male and femalegenders. Distribution of Gender showed that male patients were more than females patientsi.e. n=198 (84.6%) and n=36 (15.4%) respectively. The main outcome variable of this studywas severity of disease. It was observed that, in with CHB group, severity of disease noted as93.2% (n=109) patients while in without CHB group it was 57.3% (n=67). Conclusion: Inferiorwall MI has severe adverse effects when combines with complete AV nodal heart block. Severityof disease was significantly associated with gender. Almost all times infarct related artery wasdominant right coronary artery.

scholarly journals Burnout among surgeons; depression, anxiety and stress between consultant versus post-graduate trainee

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Khurshied ◽  
Aliya Hisam ◽  
Nawal Khurshid ◽  
Madiha Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To compare depression, anxiety and stress between consultant and post-graduate trainee (PG-trainee) surgeons and to find the difference of different factors i.e. gender, marital status, physical activity, BMI, comorbidity and Income per month between the two. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of eight months duration from March 2018 to August 2018 was conducted in Military Hospital and Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Convenient sampling technique was used. DASS 21 questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered and analysed by SPSS 22. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 37.44±10.512 years. Out of 68 participants, 54 (79.4%) were males and 14 (20.6%) were females. There was a significant difference between the consultants and PG trainees in terms of gender, marital status and income per month (p= <0.005) PG-trainees were more depressed and anxious but not stressed as compared to consultants (p= 0.014, 0.012 and 0.280 respectively). Conclusions: There was a significant association in terms of gender, marital status and income per month between consultants and PG trainees. A statistically significant association was found between consultants and PG trainees concerning depression and anxiety showing PG trainees were more depressed and anxious. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.1415 How to cite this:Khurshied S, Hisam A, Khurshid N, Khurshid M. Burnout among surgeons; depression, anxiety and stress between consultant versus post-graduate trainee. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1745-1748. doi: https://doi.org/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Awareness and Knowledge of HIV Transmission and Prevention among Military Personnel in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Olajide A. Adekunle ◽  
David A. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: To assess the level of knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention and identify factors influencing the awareness of HIV transmission and prevention among military personnel in Nigeria. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The Nigerian Defense Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: Using the stratified probability sampling technique, military personnel between the age of 18 and 55 years, were recruited based on arm of service with a percentage distribution of 60:20:20 (Army, Navy, and Air Force respectively). The sample size(n) was 384 and the adjusted sample size was 427 respondents. The tool for data collection was a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. This instrument, divided into 3 sections, was designed to obtain information on socio-demographics (sex, age, ethnic background, education level as the highest level of education attainment, experience in the military; the arm of service, rank, length of service, gender and number of sexual partners, knowledge of HIV prevention, and perception of risk of HIV transmission. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression at p<0.05. Results: While 98.5% of respondents have ever heard of HIV, 80.3% claimed to have seen or heard information about HIV, with media (85.9%) been the major source of this information. Out of the 391 respondents, 174 (44.5%) and 217 (55.5%) military personnel had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV transmission respectively while 80.8% and 19.2% of these respondents had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV prevention, respectively. Conclusions: While there was no significant difference in the proportion of those military men that had adequate and inadequate knowledge of HIV transmission, there was a clear and significant difference in the proportion of military men with adequate and inadequate prevention knowledge. Age, education, marital status, and service arm are predictive factors that could influence knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention.

scholarly journals Are people having adequate knowledge to prevent COVID-19 pandemic? A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashpinder Kaur ◽  
Poonam Sharma ◽  
Deepika . ◽  
Pavit Kaur ◽  
Rajni . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic is still going on around the globe and prevention of this pandemic is depend on how much people are aware regarding COVID-19 disease. The present study was conducted with an aim to determine the level of knowledge towards COVID-19 among people.Methods: Present study included cross sectional descriptive survey design which was conducted on 366 participants who visited in university during 2020. Convenient sampling technique was chosen for selection of samples. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data in SPSS.Results: Study findings revealed that there were 343 (93.7%) female participants and were students (86.3%). Overall, more than half (60.1%) of participants had good knowledge while 37.2% had average knowledge on COVID-19. Significant difference was found among participants’ group (p>0.001), gender (p=0.021), education (p=0.002), marital status (p=0.002), age (p=0.021), and inhabitants (p=0.002 Participants showed poor knowledge on COVID-19 susceptibility (81%) and diagnosis (90%) aspects.Conclusions: Study concluded that many people were still had average and poor knowledge on COVID-19. Higher authorities must find the ways for making people more aware on this pandemic to control its impact.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia Incidents Between General Obesity and Central Obesity of Employees with Obesity at Universitas Lampung

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Khairun Nisa Berawi ◽  
Sutopo Hadi ◽  
Nur Indrawati Lipoeto ◽  
Irza Wahid ◽  
Jamsari Jamsari
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Observation Method

This study aims to determine the differences in the incidence of dyslipidemia between general obesity and central obesity in adult male employees having obesity at the Universitas Lampung. This research used cross sectional observation method. The study was conducted from August to October 2016. The respondent populations involved in this study were 33 male adult employees for each obesity group. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling technique. The results revealed that the average age of the respondents were 42.9 years, where 23 respondents (34.8 %) of the respondents were suffered from dyslipidemia. The result of unpaired T test showed that there was a significant difference of dyslipidemia incidence between general obesity and central obesity in adult male employees with obesity at Universitas Lampung in 2016 with p value of 0.039. Bivariate analysis showed that central obesity has a role in increasing the incidence of dyslipidemia greater than general obesity.

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