scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity by solvents extracted from Ocimum basilicum herb against multidrug resistant gram negative rods.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Amna Ikram ◽  
Sidrah Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Ayesha Ghazal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: Background: Failure of treatment with antibiotics occurs due to increase in number of Multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria, worldwide. The objective of this study was to find out the antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extract and its further three fractions by Ocimum basilicum leaves against multi drug resistant gram negative rods. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore from 1st july 2016 to 30th june 2017. Total 80 multidrug resistant gram negative rods were included in this study. Agar dilution method was performed to determine MIC of crude ethanolic extract and different fractions i-e n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate of Ocimum basilicum leaves against multidrug resistant gram negative rods i-e ESBLs and carbapenemase producers. Muti-inoculater was used for inoculation. Results: The mean MICs of crude ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of Ocimum basilicum against ESBLs were 100.0±8.00, 168.13±8.00, 176.88±8.00 41.75±8.00 respectively. Similarly, the mean MICs of crude ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of Ocimum basilicum against carbapenemase producers were 77.50±8.00, 113.75±8.00, 132.50±8.00 and 29.50±8.00 respectively. Conclusions: Ethyl acetate fraction and crude ethanolic extract from leaves of Ocimum basilicum showed good antibacterial effectiveness against ESBLs and carbapenem resistant organisms than other fractions. This finding may also promote the effective use of O. basilicum herb and its components in modern medicine.

scholarly journals Comparative Antioxidant Activity on The Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Nyi Mekar Saptarini ◽  
Irma Erika Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Free Radical Formation ◽  
Annona Reticulata

Antioxidants can prevent free radical formation. Natural antioxidants found in many plants, such as <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em>. The study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em> leaves against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl. The steps of this study consist of extraction, fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination, and comparing the IC<sub>50</sub> values. Percentage scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions against DPPH was calculated to determine the antioxidant activity. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>was 127.86 ppm for ethanolic extract, 94.01 ppm for water fraction, 115.48 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 335.50 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Annona reticulata</em> was 274.31 ppm for ethanolic extract, 211.42 ppm for water fraction, 367.91 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 741.08 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The results showed that the <em>Ficus benjamina</em> water fraction was the best antioxidant compared to other extract and fraction.

Comparative Antioxidant Activity on The Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata Leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Nyi Mekar Saptarini ◽  
Irma Erika Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Free Radical Formation ◽  
Annona Reticulata

Antioxidants can prevent free radical formation. Natural antioxidants found in many plants, such as <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em>. The study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>and <em>Annona reticulata</em> leaves against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl. The steps of this study consist of extraction, fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination, and comparing the IC<sub>50</sub> values. Percentage scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions against DPPH was calculated to determine the antioxidant activity. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Ficus benjamina </em>was 127.86 ppm for ethanolic extract, 94.01 ppm for water fraction, 115.48 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 335.50 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The IC<sub>50</sub> value of <em>Annona reticulata</em> was 274.31 ppm for ethanolic extract, 211.42 ppm for water fraction, 367.91 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 741.08 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The results showed that the <em>Ficus benjamina</em> water fraction was the best antioxidant compared to other extract and fraction.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF LANNEA KERSTINGII ENGL & K. KRAUSE (ANACADIACEAE)

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 004-009
Author(s):  
Njinga NS ◽  
Sule MI ◽  
Pateh UU ◽  
Hassan HS ◽  
Ahmad MM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

AbstractThe phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and crude methanol extracts, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the leaves of Lannea kerstingii were investigated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids and triterpenes in the petroleum ether extract, steroid, triterpene, flavonoids and tannins in both crude methanol extract and chloroform fraction while the ethyl acetate fraction contained only flavonoids and tannins. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 17.00 to 21.03, 20.10 to 25.24, 25.32 to 34.02 and 22.28 to 27.20 mm for petroleum ether extract, methanol extract, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration was between 5 and 10mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the petroleum ether and methanol extract respectively, and between 2.5 and 5 mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the acetate fractions. The minimum bactericidal concentration for all the extracts was 40mg/ml respectively except for chloroform fraction which ranged from 20 to 40mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration for all the extracts was found to be 40mg/ml respectively. This result indicates the broad spectrum antimicrobial potential of L. Kerstingii and justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN PECUT KUDA (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl) TERHADAP LARVA UDANG Artemia salina Leach

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lany Indrayani ◽  
Hartati Soetjipto ◽  
Lydia Sihasale
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Toxicity Effect

Phytochemical screening and Brine Shrimp lethality test of pecut kuda leaf extract had been done against Artemia salina Leach. The aims of this study is to screen potentially bioactive extract of pecut kuda leaf as an effort ti find out the chemical substances responsible for the toxic effect. The Pecut kuda leaves (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, L. Vahl) was extracted by methanol 80 percent, then partitioned successively with hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening was done according to Ciulei method (1984). The toxicity effect was tested against A. salina, L (Brine Shrimp Test). The result of phytochemical screening known that compounds in the extract of pecut kuda leaves (S. jamaicensis, L. Vahl), hexane fraction contained of sterol and triterpenes; where the chloroform fraction contained of saponin, sterol, and triterpenes; further more the ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin, sterol, dan triterpenes. The result of the study shows that several fractions of extract of pecut kuda leaves (S. jamaicensis) hexane fraction, chloroform, and ethyl acetate was toxic because it was able to kill more than 50 percent larva of A. salina, L at the concentration less than 1000 ppm. The LC50 of all fractions of pecut kuda leaves extract (S. jamaicensis, L. Vahl) were shown from the most toxic to the lowest were as followed: LC50 of hexane fraction = 98.33 ppm, of chloroform raction LC50 = 204.17 ppm, and of ethyl acetate fraction LC50 = 249.80 ppm. Finally results of the TLC profile showed that all fraction (hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) indicated that the pecut kuda leaves extract (S. jamaicensis) contained terpenoid compound.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT PARKIA JAVANICA AGAINST NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE MULTI DRUG RESISTANT AND OTHER CLINICAL ISOLATES

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
JHINUK BASU MULLICK ◽  
TAPAN MAJUMDAR ◽  
KUDUMULA VENKATA RAMI REDDY ◽  
SUMITA MUKHERJEE ◽  
SAMIR KUMAR SIL
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Water Fraction

Objective: The objective of this study was to look into the in vitro activity of Parkia javanica against isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods: Methanolic extract of P. javanica bark (MEPJ) and organic fractionation were tested against one standard strain and 10 clinical isolates including one multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate of N. gonorrhoeae through minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) tests. Results: The MDR isolate, standard strain, as well as all the clinical isolates were inhibited by MEPJ as well as all the fractions except water fraction. Chloroform fraction showed the best activity with MIC and MBC values, both being 0.2 mg/ml. Ethyl acetate fraction also showed MIC value at 0.2 mg/ml; however, MBC value was at 0.3 mg/ml. MIC and MBC values of MEPJ were both 0.3 mg/ml. Conclusion: Chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and MEPJ bark showed the lowest MIC values and can be considered as prospective candidates for the development of antigonococcal topical drugs.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oil and Fractions of Ethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho Tuber

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serawit Deyno ◽  
Derick Hope ◽  
Joel PhD Ba ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen ◽  
Paul E. Alele
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Routes Of Administration

Abstract Background: Echinops kebericho is an endemic medicinal plant in Ethiopia traditionally used for treatment of various infectious diseases through different routes of administration such as inhalation, orally chewed, and topically sprayed to affected area. This study investigated antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) and the different fractions of ethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho tuber.Results: MIC of EO ranged from 78.125 µg/ml – 625 µg/ml and it was most active against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA, NCTC 12493). Ethyl acetate fraction showed better activity against MRSA (NCTC 12493), MIC = 39.075 µg/ml followed by E. faecalis (ATCC 49532), MIC = 78.125 µg/ml and was least active against K. pneumonia (ATCC 700603), MIC = 1250 µg/ml. MIC of hexane fraction ranged from 156.2- µg/ml to E. faecalis (ATCC 49532) to 1250 µg/ml to E. coli (NCTC 11954). Chloroform fraction MIC ranged from 312.5 - 2500µg/ml; while butanol fraction could be considered pharmacologically inactive as its MIC value is 2500 µg/ml for all and no activity shown for E. coli (NCTC 11954). The MIC of DMSO against all strains ranged 12.5- 25 % w/v. The MIC estimated by OD measurement correlated well with that of resazurin assay method.Conclusion: Essential oil and ethyl acetate fraction showed noteworthy antibacterial activity, and MRSA was the most susceptible strain. Further study, however, should be done to investigate the effect on the isolated active component(s).

scholarly journals PROFIL BIOAUTOGRAFI DAN UJI PENANGKAP RADIKAL 2,2-DIFENIL-1-PIKRIHIDRAZIL OLEH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BINAHONG (Anredera scandens (L.) Moq.) DAN FRAKSI-FRAKSINYA

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
P. O. Samirana ◽  
D. A. Swastini ◽  
A. A. G. R. Y. Putra ◽  
I P. W. Kusuma ◽  
N. P. A. Y. Pratiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Values

Free radicals are atoms or molecules that have one or more unpaired electrons and are highly reactive. Antioxidants can inhibit the excessive oxidation reaction. The leaves of binahong (Anredera scandens (L.) Moq.) are one part of plants which contain flavonoid compounds and tannins that have scientific activity as antioxidants.This study aims to determine the bioautographic profile and to test the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Anredera scandens (L.) Moq. useing 2.2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazil radical capture method. The extraction process produced 19.22% yield, 14.68% (14.684 grams) chloroform fraction, 11.22% (11.224 grams) n-hexane fraction, 3.09% (3.094 grams) ethyl acetate fraction, and 23.90% (23.904 grams) n-butanol fraction. The results of bioautographic profile test using KLT densitometry method proved that ethanol extract, chloroform fraction and ethyl acetate fraction have DPPH radical capture activities. The determination of total flavonoid content found that ethyl acetate fraction contained higher total flavonoids than other fractions. In the ethyl acetate fraction, high total flavonoid level and low IC50 values were obtained, while the n-hexane fraction had low flavonoid level and high IC50 values.   Keywords: antioxidants, binahong leaves, free radicals, flavonoids, IC50.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Etanol-Air, Etil Asetat serta N-Heksana Buah Pare (Momordica charantia) pada Sel MCF-7 secara In-Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Adhe Retnantya Pamungkas ◽  
Peni Indrayudha
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Mcf 7

Bitter melon is one of fruit that have pharmacological effects such as an anticancer which potentially active on breast cancer cell MCF-7. The aim of this study was to compare the potential cytotoxic activity between ethanol extract of pare and the results of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane fraction on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and to determine the class of compounds contained in each sample. Pare’s powder was extracted with maceration method in 80% ethanol solvent and then continue to fractionated in 96% ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane solvent. Extract and fractions were continue to cytotoxic assay using the MTT assay method. Cytotoxic test results showed that the ethanolic extract had no potential cytotoxic activity. Ethyl acetate fraction with the highest concentration 16 µg/mL has the highest potential inhibition 43,87% on MCF-7 cells population. Extract and fractions than continue to phytochemical screening with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. TLC detection showed that n-hexane fraction contained more compound groups than ethanolic extract, ethanolic-water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction.

scholarly journals EFEK PEMACUAN APOPTOSIS FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) TERHADAP SEL HeLa

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isnaniati Romadhoni Indarwati Nurkhasan
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Apoptosis Assay ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

Pasak bumi is one of the Indonesian original plants having anticancer activity. Eurycomanone was isolated from Eurycoma longofolia, Jack  root was proven to have cytotoxic effect and induce apoptosis on Hela cells. The objective this study was to know the cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of the Eurycoma longifolia, Jack root on Hela cells and the mode of death. Ethyl acetate fraction was obtained from  the ethyl acetate soluble fraction from residue of chloroform fraction of ethanolic extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots. The cytotoxic assay was performed using MTT test method with concentration series used in this study were 1000; 750; 500; 400; 200; 100; 50; 12,5; 6,25; 3,125; and 1,5625 µg/ml. Absorbance was measured at wavelength of 550 nm using ELISA reader. Apoptosis assay were observed using Giemsa staining. MTT assay indicated that etil asetat fraction of ethanolic extract of the Eurycoma longofolia, Jack root showed cytotoxic activity againts Hela cells with IC50 value 3,70 µg/ml. The result of apoptosis assay indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of the Eurycoma longofolia, Jack root induce apoptosis. The apoptotic cells was observed wrinkle, rounded and dark colors leading to chromatin condensation.

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