scholarly journals ANALISIS ANGGARAN DINAS PENDIDIKAN INFRASTRUKTUR DAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI SULAWESI UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariance Wilar ◽  
Paulus Kindangen ◽  
Een N. Walewangko
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Per Capita

ABSTRAKSalah satu masalah yang dihadapi oleh negara berkembang seperti Indonesia adalah ketimpangan dalam distribusi pendapatan antara masyarakat yang berpendapatan tinggi dengan masyarakat yang berpendapatan rendah. Ketimpangan pendapatan terjadi apabila sebagian besar penduduk memperoleh pendapatan yang rendah, sementara pendapatan yang besar hanya dinikmati oleh sebagian kecil penduduk. Semakin besar perbedaan (senjang) pendapatan yang diterima masing-masing individu menunjukkan semakin besarnya ketimpangan pendapatan antar rumah tangga. Untuk itu diperlukan langkah strategis dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan dari pemerintah daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara terutama dalam mengambil kebijaksanaan yang mengarah pada pembangunan ekonomi daerah yang lebih baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh anggaran dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, anggaran infrastruktur dan anggaran sector pertanian terhadap pendapatan perkapita di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh anggaran dinas Pendidikan provinsi Sulawesi Utara, anggaran infrastruktur, anggaran sector pertanian dan pendapatan perkapita terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda dan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian anggaran pendidikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan perkapita, anggaran infrastuktur dan anggaran pertanian berpengaruh signifikan terhadap  pendapatan perkapita. Anggaran pendidikan dan aggaran pertanian tidak berpengaruh terhadap IPM, anggaran infrastruktur dan pendapatan perkapita berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IPM. Anggaran pendidikan, infrastruktur, dan pertanian secara bersama mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan pendapatan perkapita dan memberikan pengaruh terhadap perkembangan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia yang ada di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.Kata Kunci      : Anggaran Pendidikan, Anggaran Infrastruktur, Pendapatan  Perkapita dan IPM ABSTRACT One of the problems faced by developing countries such as Indonesia is the imbalance in income distribution between high-income people and low-income people. Income inequality occurs when a large portion of the population gets low income, while large income is only enjoyed by a small proportion of the population. The greater the difference (gap) of income received by each individual indicates the greater the income inequality between households. The conditions and regional economic potential are basic capital and dominant factors that can be used to achieve development goals in improving people's welfare. For this reason, a strategic step is needed in the implementation of development from the local government of North Sulawesi Province, especially in taking policies that lead to better regional economic development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the North Sulawesi Provincial Education office budget, infrastructure budget and agricultural sector budget on income per capita in North Sulawesi Province. To find out the influence of the North Sulawesi provincial education office budget, infrastructure budget, agricultural sector budget and per capita income on the Human Development Index in North Sulawesi Province The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The results of the education budget research do not affect per capita income, the budget for infrastructure and agricultural budgets have a significant effect on per capita income. The education budget and agricultural budget have no effect on HDI, the infrastructure budget and per capita income have a significant effect on HDI. Education, infrastructure, and agriculture budgets together can influence the increase in per capita income and have an influence on the development of the. Human Development Index in North Sulawesi Province. Keywords: Education Budget, Infrastructure Budget, Per capita Income and HDI

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting Human Development Index in the City of Binjai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Elisabet Novita Barus ◽  
HB. Tarmizi ◽  
Rahmanta .
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Shopping Area ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City

This study aims to analyze the Factors That Affect Human Development Index in the City of Binjai with variable observations shopping area in the field of health, education, population, and income per capita. This research is causality by performing multiple regression analysis (Multiple Regression Analysis). The Data used is the data of the year 2005 up to 2019 are presented per semester (n=30 samples). The results of the study concluded that the shopping area in the field of health, expenditure on education, expenditure in the field of population, and per capita income is able to influence the human development index in the local government of the City of Binjai. Based on the value of the coefficient of determination (r-square) of all the variables, it was concluded that per capita income is a variable dominant that affect the human development index in the local government of the City of Binjai. Keywords: The Human Development Index, A Shopping Area In The Field Of Health, Expenditure On Education, Expenditure In The Field Of Population, And Per Capita Income.

scholarly journals Government Spending Contributions on per Capita Income and its Effect toward the Human Development Index (Comparative Study between Western Indonesia and Central & East Indonesia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Eleonora Sofilda ◽  
Muhammad Zilal Hamzah .
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Income Growth

In many countries, include Indonesia, a centralized government has a sizeable negative impact on inequality of development. During the New Regime Order era with a centralized system, Indonesia's development is concentrated in the western part of Indonesia which had led to inequality in terms of per capita income and human development. To solve these problems, one of the economic reforms undertaken by the Indonesia government is changes the system from a centralized to a decentralized system. Through the fiscal decentralization under Law No. 22/99 and 25/99, they hope to improve people's welfare and reduce inequality. This research is aim to assess the effect of government spending and investment on the growth of per capita income and see the effect of the growth of per capita income towards Human Development Index (HDI). The method used is multiple regression with panel data and the study from year 2007-2012 by dividing the two groups of regions ie: western Indonesia and central&eastern Indonesia. Based on the research results, for the western Indonesia, goods and services expenditure has a significant effect on the per capita income growth and per capita income growth significantly affect the human development index (HDI). For the central and eastern Indonesia, domestic and foreign direct investment (DDI and FDI), goods and services expenditure, and capital expenditures have a significant effect toward per capita income growth and per capita income growth effect significantly toward the HDI.

scholarly journals DAMPAK HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN RUMAHTANGGA SEKITAR HUTAN DI KECAMATAN BATUKLIANG UTARA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Addinul Yakin ◽  
Sukardi Malik ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Syarif Husni
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The North ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

ABSTRAK Kawasan pegunungan Rinjani, khususnya resort Setiling Batukliang Utara Kabupaten Lombok Tengah memiliki fungsi biologi, ekologis, dan estetika serta sosial-ekonomi bagi masyarakat sekitar hutan. Deforestrasi sering dikaitkan dengan tingkat kemiskinan masyarakat sekitar hutan, sehingga dengan diberikannya Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) di wilayah tersebut dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dan menekan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-eksploratif-partisipatif dengan mengkombinasikan studi dokumen, wawancara terstruktur, indepth interview, serta diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD) terbatas. Penelitian dilakukan desa Aik Berik dan Desa Setiling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 40 orang, dengan juga melibatkan tokoh masyarakat di wilayah tersebut. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisa secara deskriptif analisis pendapatan rumahtangga dan pendapatan per kapita yang kemudian digunakan untuk menganalisis tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat berdasarkan tiga standar yang berbeda, yaitu Sajogyo, BPS, dan Bank Dunia. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: 1) rata-rata total pendapatan rumahtangga masyarakat sekitar hutan mencapai Rp. 20.057.950 yang terdiri dari Rp. 13.597.950 (67,79%) dari sektor pertanian  dan Rp. 6.460.000 (32,21%) dari sektor non pertanian dengan pendapatan per kapita sebesar Rp. 4.667.549,- per tahun; 2) berdasarkan kriteria BPS, masyarakat sekitar hutan di kecamatan Batukliang Utara masuk kategori tidak miskin, selanjutnya berdasarkan kriteria Sayogyo menghasilkan kategori hampir miskin, dan Kriteria bank Dunia manghasilkan kategori miskin, sehingga ketiganya memberikan tingkat kesejahteraan yang relatif berbeda; 3) Adanya Hkm telah mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar hutan karena mampu meningkatkan pendapatan per kapita masyarakat sebesar 22,18 persen dan telah mampu mengentaskan kemiskinan 7,5 sampai 22,5 persen. Oleh karena itu disarankan agar perbaikan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar hutan harus dipercepat melalui pola pembinaan dan pengembangan pada bidang-bidang usaha yang menjadi kekuatan utama mereka yaitu kehutanan, peternakan, dan perkebunan serta juga mendorong peningkatan kegiatan perdagangan dan ekonomi produktif skala rumahtangga. ABSTRACT The Rinjani mountain region, especially the North Batukliang Setiling resort of Central Lombok district holds  functions biological, ecological, and aesthetical and socio-economic functions for the community near the forest. Deforestation is often associated with the level of poverty of the community near the forest, so that introduction of  the Community Forest (HKm) in the region may increase people's income and reduce poverty. This research has been carried out using a descriptive-exploratory-participatory method by combining document studies, structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and limited focus group discussions. The research was conducted at the villages of Aik Berik and Setiling with 40 respondents, as well as community leaders in the area. The collected data was analyzed descriptively by analysis of household income and per capita income which was then used to analyze the level of community welfare based on three different standards, namely Sajogyo, BPS, and the World Bank. The results of the study show that: 1) the average total household income of the community near the forest reaches Rp. 20,057,950 consisting of Rp. 13,597,950 (67.79%) from the agricultural sector and Rp. 6,460,000 (32.21%) from the non-agricultural sector with a per capita income of Rp. 4,667,549, - per year; 2) based on BPS criteria, the community around the forest in the North Batukliang sub-district is categorized as not poor, then based on the Sayogyo criteria produces an almost poor category, and the World Bank Criteria produce a poor category, so the three provide relatively different levels of welfare; 3) The presence of Hkm has been able to improve the welfare of the community near the forest because it is able to increase the per capita income of the community by 22.18 percent and has been able to alleviate poverty 7.5 to 22.5 percent. Therefore, it is suggested that the economic improvement of the community near the forest should be accelerated through policy interventions  in business sectors which are on their main strengths, namely forestry, livestock, and plantations, as well as in non agricutural sector such as trade and other economic activities (such as  home agroindustry).

scholarly journals Analysis of Macroeconomic Indicators and It's Effect on Human Development Index (HDI)

Society ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 596-610
Author(s):  
Prince Charles Heston Runtunuwu
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Per Capita

This research aims to determine the effect of inflation, per capita income. The method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression models, which are continued by the classical assumption test. This research uses secondary data, precisely ten years of time-series data from 2010-2019 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, books, literature, the internet, records, and other sources related. The research sample consisted of 40 data taken per quarter, from 2010-2019. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regressions. The results showed that inflation had a negative and insignificant effect on Human Development Index (HDI). In contrast, per capita income and unemployment had a negative and significant effect on Human Development Index (HDI). Inflation, per capita income, and unemployment significantly affected the Human Development Index (HDI) in Ternate City. The independent variable’s determination (R Square) on the dependent variable is 0.836 or 83.6%. It means inflation, per capita income, and unemployment can affect the Human Development Index (HDI) in Ternate City at 83.6%, remaining 16.4% by other factors.

scholarly journals Model of integrated territorial assessment for environmental justice applied to sanitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-247
Author(s):  
Larissa Guarany Ramalho Elias ◽  
Marília Carvalho de Melo ◽  
Ana Silvia Pereira Santos ◽  
Leonardo Castro Maia
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Per Capita

Equitable access to water and sanitation is still a challenge worldwide and in Brazil. In this sense, the concept of environmental justice was used in this paper as a basis for establishing an Integrated Territorial Assessment Model for Environmental Justice Applied to Sanitation. This research aims to give scientific support for the State Government to improve public policies and promote the universalization of water and sanitation services as established by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study was based on a quali-quantitative methodology. Secondary data were selected as key information to analyze environmental justice in sanitation, including the following: hydric vulnerability (IV), water supply (WS); untreated sewage collection (SC); sewage collection with treatment (ST); water supply investments (WSI); sewage system investments (SSI); municipal per capita income (MPI); and municipal human development index (MHDI). The data were presented in maps by overlapping the State official regional division and the discussion was carried out based on regional differences and similarities. The repetition of a pattern was noted, in which unfavorable rates were concentrated in the North and Jequitinhonha-Mucuri regions: water vulnerability, sewage system with collection and without treatment, total investment, average investment, per capita income and municipal human development index. Both also have low rates of the sewage system and water supply when compared to others. On the other hand, Zona da Mata and Triângulo regions have favorable rates for hydric vulnerability, sewage system with collection and without treatment and water supply. The Triângulo Mineiro region also presented favorable rates of total investment, average investment, per capita income, and municipal human development index. It is concluded that the inequality between the regions is, initially, of natural origin, and reinforced by the social context and inequality in sanitation investments in the different regions.

The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution: A Comment (Notes & Comments)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

In the Summer 1973 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Mr. Mohammad Ghaffar Chaudhry [1] has dealt with two very important issues relating to the intersectoral tax equity and the intrasectoral tax equity within the agricultural sector in Pakistan. Using a simple criterion for vertical tax equity that implies that the tax rate rises with per capita income such that the ratio of revenue to income rises at the same percentage rate as per capita income, Mr. Chaudhry found that the agricultural sector is overtaxed in Pakistan. Mr. Chaudhry further found that the land tax is a regressive levy with respect to the farm size. Both findings, if valid, have important policy implications. In this note we argue that the validity of the findings on intersectoral tax equity depends on the treatment of water rate as tax rather than the price of a service provided by the Government and on the shifting assumptions regard¬ing the indirect taxes on imports and domestic production levied by the Central Government. The relevance of the findings on the intrasectoral tax burden would have been more obvious if the tax liability was related to income from land per capita.

Regional Economic Growth and Inequality in India: A Sector-wise Decomposition Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 097674792091082
Author(s):  
Ranjan Aneja ◽  
Barkha ◽  
Umer Jeelanie Banday
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Per Capita

This article attempts to examine the behaviour of various sectors, with emphasis on the role of income inequality. First, the article estimates the sectoral decomposition in terms of net state domestic product (NSDP) among different states from years 1991–1992 to 2016–2017. Second, we analyse the sector-wise decomposition of regional inequality in term of per capita income. Finally, we analyse the role of developmental expenditure in regional inequalities in term of per capita developmental expenditure across various states. Based on empirical results, India has witnessed a high growth in per capita income in the post-reform period. With high growth rate, the sectoral composition of income has also registered a major change. The tertiary sector is the major contributor to growth in the post-reform period. At the sectoral level, disparity decreased within the sectors in case of primary and tertiary sector and increased in secondary sector. However, overall, the tertiary and secondary sectors are more responsible for raising the income inequality among the states while primary sector is offsetting this gap. JEL: O15, I14, I32, O12

scholarly journals PENGARUH KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN, PENDAPATAN PER KAPITA, DAN PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DI BIDANG KESEHATAN TERHADAP SEKTOR KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Research Area ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractHuman resource is one of capital importance in the development of a nation. One of the important aspects that affect human resources are a public health level, where health sector has an important role. The status of one's health is the result of the interaction of various factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors consist of physical and psychological factors, while external factors consist of economic factors, education, environment and cultureThis research aims to examine and analyze the effect of income inequality as measured by the Gini Ratio against the health sector as measured by life expectancy in Indonesia in 2005-2013. On the research of regression equation using data panels with Random Effects Model approach. The results of this research is the inequality of income, per capita income, and Government expenditure in the health effect simultaneously against health sector in Indonesia in 2005-2013 and is partial, inequality of income, per capita income, and Government expenditure in the health sector impact health sector in Indonesia in 2005-2013. Keywords : Health sector, income inequality, income per capita, Government expenditure in health sector. Research Area: Indonesia

scholarly journals Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Muthmaina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

Economic Development is a process of increasing total income and income per capita by contributing to population growth and fundamental changes in the economic structure of a country and income ranking for the population of a country. Indonesia's development should be for the development of Indonesia's human resources, so that the use of per capita income indicators is not only an indicator of the success of Indonesia's development. Regarding the matters in question above, the use of Human Development Indicators (HDI) becomes relevant.

scholarly journals Income and Unemployment Are Associated with Proportion of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Facilities in US States (OR30-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Benjamin-Neelon ◽  
Sarah Gonzalez-Nahm ◽  
Brian Neelon
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
State Level ◽  
Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
American Hospital ◽  
Us States ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Objectives The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a global effort designed to enhance the health of mothers and their newborn infants by protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding. Evidence has shown that BFHI hospitals can help reduce disparities in breastfeeding rates—especially in low-income communities. We aimed to evaluate the geographic distribution of BFHI hospitals, considering the socioeconomic factors of income and unemployment in the US. Methods We considered all hospitals within each state. We categorized hospitals as having the BFHI designation (“established”), being on the formal path to obtaining this designation (“emerging”), and not having the designation. We obtained a list of hospitals from the American Hospital Association's annual survey and information on BFHI designation from Baby-Friendly USA. We further obtained state-level employment and income information from census data and ranked states into quintiles for each variable. We then conducted separate one-way analysis of variance tests to compare the mean % of BFHI hospitals and mean state-level 1) per capita income, and 2) unemployment rates separated into quintiles. We examined all BFHI hospitals that were established and emerging separately. Finally, we created maps using ArcGIS, overlaying the location of all hospitals on the socioeconomic data. Results Our sample included 2,589 hospitals from all US states and the District of Columbia. Of those, 519 were established BFHI hospitals (Figure 1) and 298 were emerging (Figure 2). We found that higher unemployment was associated with a greater percentage of emerging but not established BFHI hospitals were present in states in the highest quintile for unemployment (P = 0.01). Similarly for income, we observed a greater percentage of emerging BFHI hospitals in states with both the lowest and highest quintiles of per-capita income (P = 0.003). Conclusions Emerging BFHI hospitals were present at a higher percentage in states in the highest quintile for unemployment and the lowest quintile for income. These emerging hospitals are on the pathway to achieving the BFHI designation, which may ultimately help reduce socioeconomic disparities in breastfeeding. Interestingly, states in the highest quintile for income also had a high percentage of emerging BFHI hospitals. Funding Sources W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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