scholarly journals Phytoplankton Density and Diversity in the Waters around the Reclamation Area in Manado Beach

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Yulianti E Liwutang ◽  
Fransine B. Manginsela ◽  
Jan FWS Tamanampo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Reclamation Area ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Dominance Indices

ABSTRACT Phytoplankton is one of the most important aquatic organisms and has a major role in the cycle of life in the waters. Phytoplankton is able to do the process of photosynthesis to produce the organic matter utilized by other organisms living in aquatic environments. Phytoplankton can also be used as one of the ecological parameters that can describe the ecological conditions of the body of water and can be used as bio-indicators of pollution in the water. The purpose of this study is to obtain the types of phytoplankton in the waters around the reclamation area in Manado Beach, to know the diversity and density of phytoplankton species, and to determine the types of phytoplankton which are dominant according to the water depth. The phytoplankton found in the research site belonged to 27 genera. Station 1, 27 species were found in 5m depth, 19 species in 15m depth and 12 species in 30m depth. Station 2, 24 species were found in 5m depth, 20 species in 15m depth and 13 species in 30m depth. For index density, station 1 and 2 at a depth of 5 m has the highest density of 11 individuals/l and 12.333 Individuals/l. Diversity indices for stations 1 and 2 showed at a depth of 5 m, 2.954 and 2.891, respectively. The dominance indices at station 1 and station 2 showed that were no species dominance. Keywords : phytoplankton, density, diversity, reclamation area   ABSTRAK Fitoplankton  merupakan salah satu organisme perairan yang sangat penting dan mempunyai peran utama dalam siklus kehidupan di  perairan. Fitoplankton mampu melakukan proses fotosintesis untuk menghasilkan senyawa organik yang merupakan sumber energi yang dimanfaatkan oleh organisme lain yang hidup di lingkungan perairan. Fitoplankton juga dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu parameter ekologi yang dapat menggambarkan bagaimana kondisi ekologi suatu perairan dan dapat digunakan sebagai bio-indikator pencemaran dalam suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data jenis-jenis fitoplankton yang ada di perairan sekitar kawasan reklamasi Pantai Manado, mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kepadatan spesies fitoplankton dan mengetahui jenis-jenis fitoplankton yang dominan menurut kedalaman air. Jenis fitoplankton yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian totalnya berjumlah 27 genus.   Stasiun 1, ditemukan 27 spesies di kedalaman 5m, 19 spesies di kedalaman 15m dan 12 spesies di kedalaman 30m. Stasiun 2, ditemukan 24 spesies di kedalaman 5m, 20 spesies di kedalaman 15m dan 13 spesies di kedalaman 30m.Untuk indeks kepadatan, stasiun 1 dan 2 di kedalaman 5 m memiliki kepadatan tertinggi yaitu 11 Ind/l dan 12,333 Ind/l. Indeks keanekaragaman untuk stasiun 1 dan 2 di kedalaman 5m yaitu 2,954 dan 2,891, indeks dominasi di stasiun 1 dan stasiun 2 menunjukkan tidak adanya dominasi spesies. Kata kunci : fitoplankton, kepadatan, keanekaragaman, kawasan reklamasi 1Bagian dari skripsi 2Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FPIK-UNSRAT 3Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi

scholarly journals A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2147
Author(s):  
Anjali Krishnan ◽  
Xiaozhen Mou
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Environmental Transformation ◽  
Cyclic Heptapeptide ◽  
Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose an environmental health hazard due to the release of water-soluble cyanotoxins. One of the most prevalent cyanotoxins in nature is microcystins (MCs), a class of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, and they are produced by several common cyanobacteria in aquatic environments. Once released from cyanobacterial cells, MCs are subjected to physical chemical and biological transformations in natural environments. MCs can also be taken up and accumulated in aquatic organisms and their grazers/predators and induce toxic effects in several organisms, including humans. This brief review aimed to summarize our current understanding on the chemical structure, exposure pathway, cytotoxicity, biosynthesis, and environmental transformation of microcystins.

Characterization and biogeochemical implications of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 113041
Author(s):  
Hengfeng Zhang ◽  
Yucong Zheng ◽  
Xiaochang C. Wang ◽  
Yongkun Wang ◽  
Mawuli Dzakpasu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Environments

scholarly journals Sustainable Sources from Aquatic Organisms for Cosmeceuticals Ingredients

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carmen G. Sotelo ◽  
María Blanco ◽  
Patricia Ramos ◽  
José A. Vázquez ◽  
Ricardo I. Perez-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Life ◽  
By Products

Long life expectancy of populations in the developing world together with some cultural and social issues has driven the need to pay special attention to health and physical appearance. Cosmeceuticals are gaining interest in the cosmetic industry as their uses fulfills a double purpose: the requirements of a cosmetic (clean, perfume, protect, change the appearance of the external parts of the body or keeping them in good condition) with a particular bioactivity function. The cosmetics industry, producing both cosmetics and cosmeceuticals, is currently facing numerous challenges to satisfy different attitudes of consumers (vegetarianism, veganism, cultural or religious concerns, health or safety reasons, eco-friendly process, etc.). A currently growing trend in the market is the interest in products of low environmental impact. Marine origin ingredients are increasingly being incorporated into cosmeceutical preparations because they are able to address several consumer requirements and also due to the wide range of bioactivities they present (antioxidant, whitening, anti-aging, etc.). Many companies claim “Marine” as a distinctive marketing signal; however, only a few indicate whether they use sustainable ingredient sources. Sustainable marine ingredients might be obtained using wild marine biomass through a sustainable extractive fishing activity; by adopting valorization strategies including the use of fish discards and fish by-products; and by sustainably farming and culturing marine organisms.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton assemblages in Lake Orta: has functional structure recovered in one of the largest acidic lakes in the world?

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Lake Maggiore ◽  
Acidic Lakes ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
She Analysis

Lake Orta (Northern Italy) became one of the world’s largest acidic lakes, following industrial pollution, beginning in the late 1920s. Prior to pollution, Lake Orta supported a rich and diversified phytoplankton community dominated by diatoms, cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates. Their taxonomic composition was comparable to that of the nearby Lake Maggiore, which provides a useful reference comparison. After pollution, Lake Orta was so acidic and contaminated with trace metals that only a few tolerant phytoplankton species persisted, supplemented by sudden and short living outbursts of occasional colonists. The lake was limed in 1989-1990. This has permitted the gradual recovery of its chemistry and biology, and many phytoplankton species that inhabit Lake Maggiore are now re-appearing in Lake Orta. I tested the two hypotheses that Lakes Orta and Maggiore would now have a similar phytoplankton taxonomic assemblages, and similar diversity of functional groups given their similar morphometry, physical features and trophic states. The two hypotheses were tested by comparing the phytoplankton assemblages of lakes Maggiore and Orta for the first 10 years after liming, i.e. 1990 to 2001. Phytoplankton was classified according the Reynolds' Morpho Functional Groups and five diversity indices were calculated (<em>S</em>, number of units; <em>H</em>, Shannon-Wiener; <em>E</em>, evenness; <em>D</em>, dominance; <em>J</em>, equitability). SHE analysis (an analysis of diversity changes based on the relationship among species richness (S), H Index (H) and evenness (E)) was also carried out, in order to compare the long term trend of both functional groups and taxa biodiversity. Both taxonomic and the functional composition differed in the two lakes, likely because chemical quality have played a role in <em>taxa</em>selection. Moreover, it was quite clear that, during the first post-liming decade, Lake Orta’s phytoplankton was characterized by low diversity and evenness and by marked year-to-year fluctuations. However, SHE analysis showed that the colonization rate was higher in Lake Orta than in Lake Maggiore, and that the environmental modifications caused by the liming were opening new ecological niches, allowing some colonists to thrive in the changing, albeit still unusual chemical environment of the lake.<p> </p>

scholarly journals A Review on Fish Sensory Systems and Amazon Water Types With Implications to Biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio de Almeida Borghezan ◽  
Tiago Henrique da Silva Pires ◽  
Takehide Ikeda ◽  
Jansen Zuanon ◽  
Shiro Kohshima
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Lighting Environment

The Amazon has the highest richness of freshwater organisms in the world, which has led to a multitude of hypotheses on the mechanisms that generated this biodiversity. However, most of these hypotheses focus on the spatial distance of populations, a framework that fails to provide an explicit mechanism of speciation. Ecological conditions in Amazon freshwaters can be strikingly distinct, as it has been recognized since Alfred Russel Wallace’s categorization into black, white, and blue (= clear) waters. Water types reflect differences in turbidity, dissolved organic matter, electrical conductivity, pH, amount of nutrients and lighting environment, characteristics that directly affect the sensory abilities of aquatic organisms. Since natural selection drives evolution of sensory systems to function optimally according to environmental conditions, the sensory systems of Amazon freshwater organisms are expected to vary according to their environment. When differences in sensory systems affect chances of interbreeding between populations, local adaptations may result in speciation. Here, we briefly present the limnologic characteristics of Amazonian water types and how they are expected to influence photo-, chemical-, mechano-, and electro-reception of aquatic organisms, focusing on fish. We put forward that the effect of different water types on the adaptation of sensory systems is an important mechanism that contributed to the evolution of fish diversity. We point toward underexplored research perspectives on how divergent selection may act on sensory systems and thus contribute to the origin and maintenance of the biodiversity of Amazon aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Structural features of the mesonephros of semianadromous fish on the example of the European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
E. A. Flerova
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Osmerus Eperlanus

At present, special attention is drawn to the study of the adaptation of aquatic organisms to a complex of environmental factors precisely at the cellular level. It is very important to study the structural and functional features of the kidney, which not only plays a key role in osmoregulation, but also makes a significant contribution to maintaining homeostasis at the level of functioning of a single nonspecific defense system of the body. In this aspect, the study of species belonging to a unique ancient group, united in the order salmoniformes, is highly relevant. Using the methods of light and electron microscopy, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the mesonephros of the population of the semianadromous ecological form European smelt Osmerus eperlanus inhabiting the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea and performing spawning migrations in the Luga River of the Leningrad Region. The general scheme of the trunk kidney organization is given, the structural features and the ratio of leukocytes and structures of the smelt nephron are revealed. It is shown that the development of hematopoietic tissue in the mesonephros, the number of mature forms of granulocytes are systematic signs which do not depend on the ecology of the species. The ratio of leukocytes, the width of the cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells, the structure and number of granules in granulocytes are associated with the peculiarities of the functioning of the cellular link of the immune system under certain conditions of the species habitat. The ultrafine structure of the ion-transporting interstitial cells, as well as the ultrastructural features found in the smelt nephron, can be considered cytological markers of smelt adaptation to a semianadromous lifestyle.

scholarly journals Dissolved Organic Matter Enhances Transport of PAHs to Aquatic Organisms

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (23) ◽  
pp. 9044-9044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. ter Laak ◽  
Martin A. ter Bekke ◽  
Joop L. M. Hermens
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Organisms
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