scholarly journals Mapping of Mangrove Diversity in Kelurahan Tongkaina, Bunaken Sub-District, Manado

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rio N. Puasa ◽  
Adnan S. Wantasen ◽  
Stephanus V. Mandagi
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Sonneratia Alba

This research was conducted in coastal area of Tongkaina Village, Bunaken Sub-district, Manado City, North Sulawesi Province. The purpose of this study was to calculate the diversity of mangrove plants and map the zoning of mangrove species distribution in three research sites. The data collected are categorized as primary and secondary data. Primary data collection related to biophysical condition of mangrove ecosystem, including vegetation structure and area of mangrove cover in study site and further analyzed. Secondary data were collected from various literature studies, documentation and scientific papers and related legislation. Based on  the obtained results, it was known that the diversity index of mangrove in Tongkaina is 1.71 which is categorized as medium in term of its diversity, because the value of H 'is greater than 1 and smaller than 3. This value means also that there was enough productivity, ecosystem condition is quite balanced, and moderate ecological pressures. The highest species diversity index was found in Sonneratia alba with an index of 0.37 and the lowest was in the Bruguiera gymnorrhiza species with index of 0.06. Mapping of mangrove species is done by taking coordinate points within quadrant at three research sites. Color degradation with rounded symbols are used to distinguish each species. The aims are designed to be able to easily distinguish between species visually and can be used as one method of mapping study on the diversity of mangroves. This study reveals the known levels of mangrove diversity are moderate. The existence of fishing activities and mooring boat by the local community contribute to mangrove land degradation. Indispensable protection or conservation through knowledge transfer and building awareness to the community, as well as providing an economic alternative for those utilizing mangrove for both household and commercial needs, in order to maintain better conditions are equally important.Keywords: Mapping, Mangrove, Diversity, TongkainaAbstrakPenelitian ini berlokasi di kawasan pesisir pantai Kelurahan Tongkaina, Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghitung keanekaragaman hutan mangrove serta memetakan zonasi pembagian jenis mangrove di tiga stasiun penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer berkaitan dengan kondisi biofisik ekosistem mangrove yaitu, struktur vegetasi dan luasan mangrove di daerah penelitian dan selanjutnya dianalisis. Kemudian data sekunder dikumpulkan dari berbagai kajian literature, dokumentasi dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah serta peraturan perundang-undangan terkait. Pada hasil yang diperoleh diketahui nilai indeks keanekaragaman mangrove di Tongkaina adalah 1,71 dimana nilai indeks ini tergolong dalam kategori keanekaragaman sedang, karena nilai H’ lebih besar dari 1 dan lebih kecil dari 3, yang berarti produktivitas cukup, kondisi ekosistem cukup seimbang, dan tekanan ekologis sedang. Indeks Keanekaragaman spesies tertinggi didapati pada Sonneratia alba dengan nilai indeks 0,37 dan terendah ada pada spesies Bruguiera gymnorrhiza yang memiliki nilai indeks yaitu 0,06. Pemetaan jenis mangrove dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan titik koordinat pada kuadran di tiga stasiun penelitian. Degradasi warna dengan simbol bulat di pakai untuk membedakan tiap spesies. Hal ini bertujuan agar dapat dengan mudah membedakan antar spesies secara visual serta dapat dijadikan salah satu metode kajian untuk memetakan keanekaragaman mangrove. Diketahui tingkat keanekaragaman mangrove tergolong sedang. Adanya kegiatan pertambakan dan tambatan perahu masyarakat membuat lahan mangrove semakin berkurang. Sangat diperlukan adanya perlindungan atau pelestarian melalui pengetahuan dan penyadaran kepada masyarakat, serta memberikan alternatif ekonomi bagi yang memanfaatkan mangrove baik untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga ataupun komersial, demi menjaga perkembangan kondisi yang lebih baik.Kata kunci:      Pemetaan, Mangrove, Keanekaragaman, Tongkaina

scholarly journals KESESUAIAN KAWASAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA HUTAN MANGROVE KUALA LANGSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurnia Tari ◽  
Iswahyudi Iswahyudi ◽  
Dolly S Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
A Value

Langsa City is mostly in the form of land and coastal areas, especially the Kuala Langsa area which has the potential to be developed into an ecotourism development area because the mangrove ecosystem is still natural and preserved. This study aims to determine the level of land suitability for the development of mangrove forest ecotourism in Kuala Langsa. Primary data in the form of mangrove density, mangrove thickness, types of mangroves, tides, and biota objects were obtained through observation at 6 observation locations using Purposive sampling and Line transect point methods, while secondary data included geographical conditions, and tidal data obtained through literature studies. Vegetation data were analyzed by calculating plant species density and tourism suitability analyzed using tourism suitability index (IKW). Mangrove species found at the study site included, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia caseolaris and Xylocarpus granatum. The results showed that the IKW value of 60% included in the S2 category (as appropriate). The limiting factor is the density of mangroves which only have a value of 8 with the S3 conformity category (as conditional). With the limiting factor is the density of mangroves which only have a value of 4 with the suitability category S3 (not suitable). As for suggestions that can be given to the manager of Kuala Langsa mangrove forest Ecotourism so that the existence of Ecotourism can be sustainable is the need for Pentahelix Synergy in the management of the ecotourism.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABILITY STATUS OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN SEMBILANG NATIONAL PARK, BANYUASIN REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Theresia ◽  
Mennofatria Boer ◽  
Niken T.M Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Collections

<em>he utilization of mangrove in Sembilang National Park area has increased lately so that it is necessary to assess the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem management in the region. The study was conducted in March-April 2015. The research location was in the National Park Sembilang, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. The study used primary data and secondary data collections. The primary data were collected from direct observation of mangrove vegetation and via directs interviews of 86 respondents using purposive sampling method. The sustainability status and recommendations for management strategies were determined using Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method approaching by RAPFISH (Rapid Assessment Technique for Fisheries).</em><em>Current sustainability</em><em>status of mangrove management in Sembilang National Park, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra was "less sustainable" with multidimensional sustainability index of 49.81. Priority attributes that need to be fixed in order to improve the status of sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems in the region were area changes, local knowledge, conflict of interest, and local wisdom. Alternative strategy priority for mangrove ecosystem management in the region was the empowerment of local community for sustainable mangrove utilization.</em><p><em> </em><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> </em><em>s</em><em>embilang </em><em>n</em><em>ational </em><em>p</em><em>ark, RAP</em><em>MANGROVE</em><em>, </em><em>m</em><em>angrove </em><em>e</em><em>cosystem </em><em>m</em><em>anagemen</em><em>t</em></p>

scholarly journals Profile of Mangrove Ecosystem in Bahoi Village North Minahasa Regency

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Audy M. H. Dien ◽  
Unstain N. W. J. Rembet ◽  
Adnan S. Wantasen
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Sonneratia Alba

This study was carried out in mangrove forest of Bahoi, Likupang district, North Minahasa regency. It was aimed at knowing the ecological condition of the mangrove forest. Study stations were selected by determining representatives from each zonation and site condition. Results showed that mangrove species in Bahoi was dominated by Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. cylindrical, and Sonneratia alba, with the highest density in station 1 shown by Rhizophora apiculata, 0.65 ind/m2, then station 2 and 3 by  R. Mucronata, 0.93 and 0,63 ind/m2, respectively.  The highest total density was recorded in station 2, 1.85 ind/40 m2, then station 1, 1.78 ind/40 m2, and station 3, 1.35 ind/40 m2, respectively. As conclusion, the ecological condition of mangrove ecosystem in Bahoi was categorized as good, and aware to be beneficial for the local community in ecological function as abrasion prevention and living environment of the aquatic biota and in economic function from ecotourism aspect, so that it was right to be managed in the form of ecotourism management. Keywords : Mangrove,  Profile, Bahoi Village ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kawasan mangrove desa Bahoi, Kecamatan Likupang, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara.  Tujuan penelitian, untuk mengetahui kondisi ekologis ekosistem mangrove. Penentuan lokasi stasiun pengamatan dilakukan dengan menentukan perwakilan dari setiap zonasi dan kondisi lokasi sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi jenis mangrove di desa Bahoi didominasi oleh Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. cylindrical, dan Sonneratia alba, dengan kerapatan jenis tertinggi di stasiun 1 diperlihatkan oleh  Rhizophora apiculata (0,65 ind/m2), kemudian pada stasiun 2 dan 3 oleh  R. mucronata (0,93; 0,63 ind/m2).  Kerapatan total tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun 2, 1.85 ind/40 m2, diikuti oleh stasiun 1 (1.78 ind/40 m2), dan stasiun 3 (1.35 ind/40 m2). Sebagai kesimpulan, kondisi ekologi ekosistem mangrove di Desa Bahoi dikategorikan baik, dan  disadari bermanfaat bagi masyarakat dalam fungsi ekologis sebagai pencegah abrasi dan  tempat hidup biota perairan, serta fungsi ekonomisnya dalam aspek ekowisata, sehingga tepat untuk dikelola dengan bentuk pengelolaan ekowisata.   1 Staf Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara 2 Staf Pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Unsrat

scholarly journals VALUASI EKONOMI EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI KOTA MUKOMUKO, KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO, PROVINSI BENGKULU

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Zamdial Ta’alidin ◽  
Dede Hartono ◽  
Yar Johan
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Option Value ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Existence Value ◽  
Direct Use

The purpose of this study is to calculate the economic valuation of mangrove ecosystems, as well as their contribution to the community in Mukomuko City, Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu Province. This research was conducted by survey methods and using primary and secondary data. Primary data collection is done by observation and interview methods. The research respondents were determined by purposive sampling. Data analysis with qualitative descriptive method. The method of economic valuation was applied to estimate Total Economic Valuation (TEV) based on the total direct use value, indirect use value, option value, and existence value. Mangrove ecosystem in Mukomuko City is found in 3 locations (Bandar Ratu Village, Ujung Padang Village, and Pasar Mukomuko Village) with a total area of ± 121.14 ha. The composition of mangrove vegetation found in Mukomuko City consists of 4 true mangrove species and 1 non-mangrove species. The calculation results show that the TEV of the mangrove ecosystem in Mukomuko City is Rp. 7,135,622,252.76 per year or Rp. 58,903,931.41 per ha per year. Total Economic Value of the mangrove ecosystem in Mukomuko City consists of the direct use value of Rp. 732,600,000,- or Rp. 6,047,548.29,- per year; the indirect use value of Rp. 2,445,468,722.76,- or Rp. 20,187,128.30 per hectare per year; option value Rp. 25,984,530,- per year; existence value Rp. 3,858,309,000,- per year or Rp. 31,850,000 per hectare per year; and bequest value Rp. 73,260,000,- or Rp. 604,754.83 per hectare. The biggest use-value is the existing value, which is 54.07%, while the direct value only 10.22%.

scholarly journals Profil Ekosistem Mangrove Di Desa BAHOI Kabupaten Minahasa Utara (Profile of Mangrove Ecosystem in Bahoi Village North Minahasa Regency)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Audy M. H. Dien ◽  
Unstain N. W. J. Rembet ◽  
Adnan S. Wantasen
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Sonneratia Alba

This study was carried out in mangrove forest of Bahoi, Likupang district, North Minahasa regency. It was aimed at knowing the ecological condition of the mangrove forest. Study stations were selected by determining representatives from each zonation and site condition. Results showed that mangrove species in Bahoi was dominated by Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. cylindrical, and Sonneratia alba, with the highest density in station 1 shown by Rhizophora apiculata, 0.65 ind/m2, then station 2 and 3 by  R. Mucronata, 0.93 and 0,63 ind/m2, respectively.  The highest total density was recorded in station 2, 1.85 ind/40 m2, then station 1, 1.78 ind/40 m2, and station 3, 1.35 ind/40 m2, respectively. As conclusion, the ecological condition of mangrove ecosystem in Bahoi was categorized as good, and aware to be beneficial for the local community in ecological function as abrasion prevention and living environment of the aquatic biota and in economic function from ecotourism aspect, so that it was right to be managed in the form of ecotourism management. Keywords : Mangrove,  Profile, Bahoi Village ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kawasan mangrove desa Bahoi, Kecamatan Likupang, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara.  Tujuan penelitian, untuk mengetahui kondisi ekologis ekosistem mangrove. Penentuan lokasi stasiun pengamatan dilakukan dengan menentukan perwakilan dari setiap zonasi dan kondisi lokasi sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi jenis mangrove di desa Bahoi didominasi oleh Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. cylindrical, dan Sonneratia alba, dengan kerapatan jenis tertinggi di stasiun 1 diperlihatkan oleh  Rhizophora apiculata (0,65 ind/m2), kemudian pada stasiun 2 dan 3 oleh  R. mucronata (0,93; 0,63 ind/m2).  Kerapatan total tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun 2, 1.85 ind/40 m2, diikuti oleh stasiun 1 (1.78 ind/40 m2), dan stasiun 3 (1.35 ind/40 m2). Sebagai kesimpulan, kondisi ekologi ekosistem mangrove di Desa Bahoi dikategorikan baik, dan  disadari bermanfaat bagi masyarakat dalam fungsi ekologis sebagai pencegah abrasi dan  tempat hidup biota perairan, serta fungsi ekonomisnya dalam aspek ekowisata, sehingga tepat untuk dikelola dengan bentuk pengelolaan ekowisata.   1 Staf Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara 2 Staf Pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Unsrat

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI VEGETASI HUTAN MANGROVE PANTAI AIR MATA PERMAI KECAMATAN MUARA PAWAN KABUPATEN KETAPANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zul Padli ◽  
Abdurrani Muin ◽  
Iskandar A M
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Sonneratia Alba ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Avicennia Alba ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

The reaserch aimed to obtain data on the composition of mangrove forest vegetation in Air Mata Permai Beach Muara Pawan Subdistrict Ketapang District. The research was carried out on the mangrove forest in Air Mata Permai Beach, Muara Pawan Sub-District, Ketapang Regency in April-May with ± 1 month implementation time. The research method used in analyzing vegetation in the field is  survey the grid line method. Lanes made is 5 (five) with a width of 10 meters and a length of 600 meters which is made perpendicular to the sea to the mainland. The results showed that in the mangrove forest Air Mata Permai Beach there were 16 types of vegetation with compositions consisting of Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, Rhizopora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Exoecaria agallocha, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Lumnitzera littorea, Lumnitzera racemosa, Ceriops decandra, Xylocarpus granatum, Calophyllum inophyllum, Heritiera littoralis, Vitex pinnata, Acrostichum speciosum, Cerbera manghas and Nypa fructians. The dominant type of important value index (INP) is Rhizopora apiculata. The Species Diversity Index (H ') is included in the low category because the value of H'<1. The H 'value <1 indicates that the diversity of species on a transect or forest area is small or low  and based on the results of the analysis of the type (e) Abundance Index data as a whole the range is 0,453-0,514, this states that the abundance between species is rather low or the individual wealth of each species is not evenly distributed.Keywords: Composition, Mangrove, Vegetation.

scholarly journals Optimization of Mangrove Ecosystem Management in Kawasan Bungkutoko, Southeast Sulawesi as Ecotourism Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Agus Salim ◽  
Risma Illa Maulany ◽  
Ngakan Putu Oka
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
City Government ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Xylocarpus Granatum ◽  
Sonneratia Alba

This study aims to determine (1) Assessment of Bungkutoko Ecotourism Conditions; and (2) Supporting factors for optimizing management, and (3) strategies for optimizing management. This research will be carried out for three months from September to December 2018 in the Bungkutoko mangrove tracking ecotourism area, Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi (Figure 1). Identification of unknown mangrove species will be carried out at the Laboratory of Conservation of forest resources and ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University. The results of the study: (1) Biophysical potential of mangrove ecotourism in Bungkutoko, namely 8 species of mangrove plants consisting of Avicennia lanata, Rhizophora stylosa, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus stylosa, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus stylosa, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis, L faustis and L faecus, and Lizar. from birds and reptiles. (2) Condition of mangrove ecotourism practices in Bungkutoko Not optimal, both in terms of education, conservation and welfare. (3) The ecotourism development strategy in Bungkutoko is in quadrant II (S-T strategy). The strategies formulated in quadrant II include: increasing the availability of educational facilities, increasing efforts to preserve the environment of mangrove forests, empowering local communities, increasing Human Resources, and working with the Kendari city government and the private sector to add infrastructure.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABILITY STATUS OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN SEMBILANG NATIONAL PARK, BANYUASIN REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Theresia ◽  
Mennofatria Boer ◽  
Niken T.M Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Collections

he utilization of mangrove in Sembilang National Park area has increased lately so that it is necessary to assess the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem management in the region. The study was conducted in March-April 2015. The research location was in the National Park Sembilang, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. The study used primary data and secondary data collections. The primary data were collected from direct observation of mangrove vegetation and via directs interviews of 86 respondents using purposive sampling method. The sustainability status and recommendations for management strategies were determined using Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method approaching by RAPFISH (Rapid Assessment Technique for Fisheries).Current sustainabilitystatus of mangrove management in Sembilang National Park, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra was "less sustainable" with multidimensional sustainability index of 49.81. Priority attributes that need to be fixed in order to improve the status of sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems in the region were area changes, local knowledge, conflict of interest, and local wisdom. Alternative strategy priority for mangrove ecosystem management in the region was the empowerment of local community for sustainable mangrove utilization. Keywords: sembilang national park, RAPMANGROVE, mangrove ecosystem management

Impacts of electronic monitoring on the community life: blessing or disguise?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Vitálišová ◽  
Kamila Borseková ◽  
Anna Vanˇová ◽  
Samuel Koróny
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate critically the impacts associated with the implementation of electronic monitoring (EM) of accused and convicted persons on society based on the foreign experience and compare these findings with the original research results on EM in the Slovak Republic. Design/methodology/approach This paper elaborates the secondary data of previous researches in Scotland, Sweden and Florida in the USA. Secondary research is based on in-depth analysis of articles, reports and studies searched via database of Google, Scopus and Science Direct. Based on the studies processed by a causal and qualitative analysis, the authors identify the benefits and risks of EM influencing community life in Europe and the USA. The additional sources of secondary data are the Statistical Yearbook of Ministry of Justice of Slovak Republic, the content of the original law (including relevant amendments) that introduced EM into the Slovak criminal justice system and data on the application of EM in Slovakia provided by the Ministry of Justice. Subsequently, this paper presents the original research findings about the EM implementation in the Slovak Republic. The primary data were conducted via interviews with the representatives of Ministry of Justice, and through the national survey of opinions of judges, probation and mediation officers. The authors used the descriptive statistics and the statistical deduction methods. Findings The key finding of the paper is that there is a very narrow border between EM as blessing and disguise for community involved. Setting proper measures to protect the community, targeted communication and support with attendance of professionals (e.g. mediator and psychologist) for community members might help to avoid possible risks and support the benefits related with EM implementation, namely, social and economic inclusion of offenders, maintaining family and community tights, reducing recidivism or protection of sensitive sites. Practical implications To support the acceptation of EM by local community, the authors recommend to perceive sensitively community involvement and consider potential risks related with EM implementation; to suggest the proper measures to protect the community; and to develop better or targeted communication oriented towards increasing awareness or establishment supporting groups with attendance of professionals (e.g. mediator and psychologist) that might help to avoid possible risks and support the benefits related with EM implementation. Originality/value This paper compares experience with EM based on the secondary data of previous researches in Scotland, Sweden and Florida in the USA. Subsequently, it presents the unique data about the implementation of EM in the Slovak Republic. The topic of EM is still vastly underrated in the literature, and there is a lack of empirical data, so this paper as a combination of case studies and original research could be very helpful in the efficient implementation of EM and setting the proper measures.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PANEL ATAS PENGARUH EKONOMI DAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN FISKAL PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI SULAWESI UTARA

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Karamoy ◽  
Agus Tony Poputra
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Human Resource Capacity ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper analyzes the impact of economic and social variables on fiscal independence of district government in Province of North Sulawesi.  Scope of research includes all districts in  2009-2012. To analyze secondary data, we utilize the Pooled EGLS (Cross-section random effects) method. This research not only use secondary data, but also primary data. The primary data are used to get deep picture about factors that lower fiscal dependence of districts in North Sulawesi. Those data are collected by interview to parties related to generate own resource revenues and by focus discussion group with academicians. This research finds that economic development and population in districts of North Sulawesi do not affect on fiscal independence. Otherwise, only variable human development index has significantly positive effect on fiscal independence. These findings are supported by primary data which show that: (1) most activities of dominant economic factor of those districts, except Manado and Bitung, namely agriculture, are not tax or surcharge objects; (2) types of local government tax have small tax base for districts and varies between dictricts that have big cities and small cities; (3) low of human resource capacity and creativity to generate own source revenues effectively and efficiently; and (4) low of taxpayers compliance.

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