scholarly journals Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii Biomass in Waleo Waters, Kema District, Minahasa Utara Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Meske Leny Alelo ◽  
Khristin I. F. Kondoy ◽  
Ruddy D. Moningkey
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Seagrass Bed ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Study Sites

This study was aimed at knowing the aquati environmental condition, the fresh weight and ry weight of root, rhizome, and leaf of  Thalassia hemprichii, and the ratio of seagrass biomass of Thalassia hemprichii with sampling sites.It was done in Waleo waters, Kema district, Minahasa Utara regency. Data collection used 50×50 cm quadrat, and each T. hemprichii in the quadrat was removed.  Water temperature and salinity were measured. Each study site was photographed.This study was done at the lowest tide in 3 locations, near mangrove forest, in the seagrass bed, and coral reefs. Seagrass samples were put in separated plastic bags with location, placed in the cool box, ans brought to the laboratory for further analysis. The samples were cleansed and put in the alcohol-containing plastic bag. Then, the samples were dried and weighed. Results showed that the highest biomass occurred in root, then leaf, and rhizome for all study sites. Keywords: seagrass, biomass, Thalassia hemprichii. ABSTRAKTujuan Penelitian adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan di lokasi penelitian, untuk mengetahui berapa besar berat basah dan berat kering dari bagian-bagian (akar, rhizoma, dan daun) dari lamun Thalassia hemprichii, untuk mengetahui perbandingan biomassa dari lamun Thalassia hemprichii berdasarkan masing-masing stasiun pengambilan sampel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perairan Waleo Kecamatan Kema Minahasa Utara. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuadaran 50×50 cm, dan  setiap lamun Thalassia hemprichii di  dalam kuadran dicabut. Suhu dan salnitas air juga diukur. Lokasi penelitian diambil gambar bawah air. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada saat surut terrendah dekat hutan mangrove, di hamparan lamunn dan daerah terumbu karang. Sampel lamun dimasukan ke dalam plastik di pisahkan sesuai sub lokasi, sampel di masukan kedalam cool box dan di bawah ke laboratorium untuk di teliti. Lamun dicuci bersih menggunakan air bersih dan diisi dalam plastik sampel dengan memakai alkohol. Lamun di bawah ke laboratorium akan di keringkan dan ditimbang. Hasil biomassa lamun Thalassia hemprichii di lokasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biomassa tertinggi terdapat pada akar, kemudian daun, dan batang.Kata Kunci : Lamun, Biomassa, Thalassia hemprichii.  

Observations on dugongs at Calauit Island, Busuanga, Palawan, Phillipines

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
LV Aragones
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Syringodium Isoetifolium ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Vantage Points

A simultaneous monitoring system that used a team of local observers to count dugongs around Calauit Island, Busuanga, Palawan, Philippines, from eight vantage points was employed from March 1989 to May 1990 to identify important dugong habitats around the island. On average, five dugongs were seen per survey day. More dugongs were observed during March and July 1989 than in other months. These periods coincided with the bimodal peaking of seagrass biomass in the region and the lull between monsoons for that year. The site where dugongs were most often sighted was about 1.5 m deep, had the largest area of seagrass on the island (approximately 50 ha) and supported a seagrass (above-ground) biomass averaging 1060 g m-2 (wet weight). The dugongs were shy, making observations difficult. They were observed to graze at the study sites once per day, usually starting in the late afternoon or at night. Animals usually stayed on the seaward side of the spur-and-groove sections of the reefs. Short seagrasses such as Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Cymodocea rotundata, C. serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium and Thalassia hemprichii showed more evidence of being grazed than the taller Enhalus acoroides. By direct observations of the area grazed by a single dugong, an average consumption rate of 30.5 kg (wet weight) of seagrass (above ground only) per day was estimated. The methodology developed in this study may be used to identify reserve areas for the protection of dugong habitats in the Philippines. The dugong populations of Palawan require further attention and implementation of conservation measures.

scholarly journals Considerations, benefits and unintended consequences of banning plastic shopping bags for environmental sustainability: A systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110039
Author(s):  
Asphat Muposhi ◽  
Mercy Mpinganjira ◽  
Marius Wait
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Foamed Plastics

Although the ban on plastic bags is gaining in prominence as a policy option to manage plastic bag litter, there are mixed views on its rationale and effectiveness. This study employs a systematic literature review to understand considerations, benefits and unintended consequences of banning plastic bags. The review’s results pointed to the limited success of a plastic bag ban owing to lack of suitable alternatives, limited state capacity to monitor and enforce the ban, thriving black market, structural and instrumental power of the plastic industry. The power of the industry was manifested by the covert practice of deflecting accountability to consumers by focusing on business-oriented solutions, including an inclination towards self-regulation. The findings of this study underscored the need for a global treaty to address the transient nature of plastic bag litter and moving away from the symbolic gesture of targeting only plastic shopping bags but considering the environmental impact of all forms of plastic such as straws, foamed plastics, plastic bottles and caps. There is a general consensus in literature that the end of plastic shopping bags is not nigh due to their utilitarian benefits. This study therefore recommends the promotion of a circular economy focusing on ecological modernisation, sustainable plastic bag manufacturing and recovery strategies such as recycling as a long-term strategy. A significant strand of literature reviewed also recommends the adoption of community-driven approaches such as voluntary initiatives as opposed to a plastic bag ban as they proved to be effective in promoting environmental citizenship behaviours in countries such as Finland.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of intervention on behaviour change against use of non-biodegradable plastic bags: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Collins Adeyanju ◽  
Teslin Maria Augustine ◽  
Stefan Volkmann ◽  
Usman Adetunji Oyebamiji ◽  
Sonia Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Biological Decomposition

AbstractThe devastating impacts that bio-degradable products such as plastic bags are having on human health, wildlife, and the environment is enormous, especially single-use once. Single-use plastics are non-biodegradable products and does not undergo biological decomposition nor degenerate. This review examines various government regulations targeted at changing behaviour against plastic bags consumption and their effectiveness. Following a rigorous search in 13 databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Nature, etc. only 17 peer-reviewed journal articles that are published between 2000 and 2019 and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Each study’s methodological quality was assessed using the GRADE system, and data were extracted using a uniquely designed form. The results revealed that regulations based solely on the thickness of plastic bags does not reduce plastic bags consumption. However, regulations focused on banning ‘single-use’ plastic bag usage, imposing higher taxes and levies on consumers, significantly reduce plastic bags consumption. Overall, the latter is considered the most effective. Also, the results show that attitude, perception and behaviour change toward bio-degradable products or climate-friendly behaviour can be significantly influenced by public policy or regulations. Although the behaviour seems short-lived in some countries, therefore further studies need to probe on why. Also, the absence of a national regulatory strategy in North America reduced the inclusion of studies from the region, hence need for more research focusing on sub-national regulations.

scholarly journals Bacteriostatic Effect of a Calcined Waste Clamshell-Activated Plastic Film for Food Packaging

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Ya Kao ◽  
Yen-Chieh Huang ◽  
Sheng-Yi Chiu ◽  
Ko-Liang Kuo ◽  
Pai-An Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Migration Test ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Fish Fillet ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Metal Migration

The addition of calcined waste clamshells (CCS) into polyethylene (PE) plastic bags imparts antibacterial properties due to the presence of CaO. In this study, different proportions of calcined waste clamshells were added to PE to explore its bacteriostatic effects. The PE plastic bags with 9% and 11% of CCS exhibited antibacterial efficacy. Further, total aerobic viable count (TVC) values for raw fish fillet packaging in 9% and 11% CCS-PE plastic bags for five days were similar to the 0% CCS-PE plastic bag group after three days of incubation. In addition, the CCS-PE plastic bag demonstrated stability against solvents when examined using the metal migration test under heptane, ethanol, and acetic acid treatments. The results revealed that the CCS-PE bag retains its CaO bacteriostatic efficacy and that the addition of CCS powder to PE prolongs the shelf life of raw fish fillets, as well as mitigating safety concerns from metal leakage.

Public Policy Evaluation on Limitation of The Use of Plastics Bags based on Social Marketing Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207
Author(s):  
Cheryl Pricilla Bensa
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Target Behavior ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quota Sampling

The plastic bag diet campaign has been carried out by many parties including government agencies, but the campaign is feared to only reach the cognitive stage, not a meaningful change in attitude. Many campaigns on the problem of plastic waste have been carried out from NGOs, the private sector, and the government, but what is wrong so as to the problem of plastic waste continues to occur? Why does the problem of plastic waste still stop at the campaign without a comprehensive behavior implementation of the community? The research method was a survey using quota sampling and descriptive. The population people in Balikpapan, Jakarta and Surabaya. The campaign to limit plastic bags can be successful if there is a synergy of the regulators; the government and NGOs, the private sector such as retailers, and the community. The related parties are expected to design a campaign in accordance with the social marketing model. Moreover, the related parties must also conduct formative research of the target behavior: the community about plastic waste and the extent to which the related parties must endeavor so that it can be known what audience benefits are most appropriate in formulating a campaign. In the implementation of social marketing, related parties have to clearly formulate the target behavior that exists so that people are not confused and have one voice. In addition, policies must also be upheld to support and maintain the results of social marketing to be sustainable. Moreover, educational and outreach programs that can change behavior about the environment will also help future generations to reduce pollution of plastic waste.

scholarly journals Biomasa dan Simpanan Karbon pada Ekosistem Lamun di Perairan Batulawang dan Pulau Sintok Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jepara

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Annisa Rhamadany ◽  
Chrisna Adhi Suryono ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
A Value ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Thalassodendron Ciliatum

Ekosistem lamun memiliki fungsi ekologi dan ekonomi yang tinggi. Peran ekosistem lamun dalam penyimpanan karbon akan tetapi masih belum menjadi sorotan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui nilai biomassa dan estimasi simpanan karbon pada ekosistem lamun di Perairan Batulawang, Pulau Kemujan serta Pulau Sintok, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 7 – 14 Noevmber 2019 di Perairan Batulawang dan Pulau Sintok, Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Metode penelitian di lapangan menggunakan metode SeagrassWatch, sementara nilai biomassa dan nilai estimasi simpanan karbon dihitung menggunakan metode Metode Loss of Ignition (LOI) di laboratorium. Data yang diperoleh berupa pengukuran berat kering untuk menghitung biomassa dan analisa kandungan karbon pada lamun dan sedimen. Hasil penelitian didapatkan empat jenis lamun di Perairan Batulawang yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, dan Thalassodendron ciliatum sedangkan di Pulau Sintok terdapat tiga jenis lamun yang ditemukan yaitu Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, dan Halophila ovalis. Nilai total biomassa lamun terbesar pada Perairan Batulawang yaitu Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai 849,75 gbk/m2 dan nilai total biomassa lamun terkecil Thalassodendron ciliatum dengan nilai 29 gbk/m2. Nilai total biomassa lamun terbesar pada Pulau Sintok yaitu Cymodocea rotundata dengan nilai 177,75 gbk/m2dan nilai total biomassa lamun terkecil Halophila ovalis dengan nilai 4,75 gbk/m2. Hasil pengukuran karbon lamun pada Perairan Batulawang yaitu 12,97 – 359,87 gC/m2­ dan 258,20 – 541,51 gC/m2 pada sedimennya. Hasil pengukuran karbon pada lamun di Pulau Sintok yaitu 2,35 – 85,80 gC/m2 dan 204,92 – 765,92 gC/m2 pada sedimen. Kandungan karbon paling besar terdapat pada bagian bawah substrat (below ground). Kandungan karbon pada bagian bawah substrat tidak terganggu oleh faktor lingkungan (gelombang, arus, dan ulah manusia) sehingga terakumulasi baik. Seagrass ecosystems have high ecological and economic functions. The role of seagrass ecosystems in carbon storage, however, has not yet been highlighted. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of biomass and estimated carbon storage in seagrass ecosystems in Batulawang waters, Kemujan Island and Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park. This research was conducted on 7 − 14 November 2019 in Batulawang waters and Sintok Island, Karimunjawa National Park. The research method in the field uses the SeagrassWatch method, while the biomass value and the estimated value of carbon storage are calculated using the Loss of Ignition (LOI) method in the laboratory. The data obtained were measurements of dry weight to calculate biomass and analysis of carbon content in seagrass and sediments. The result shows that there are four species of seagrass in Batulawang Waters, they are Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, and Thalassodendron cliatum meanwhile in Sintok Island there are three species, they are, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Halophila ovalis. The measurement of carbon is done by using Loss on Ignition Method. The highest total seagrass biomass in Batulawang waters is Enhalus acoroides with a value of 849.75 gbk/m2 and the lowest total seagrass biomass is Thalassodendron ciliatum with a value of 29 gbk/m2. The highest total seagrass biomass on Sintok Island is Cymodocea rotundata with a value of 177.75 gbk/m2 and the lowest total seagrass biomass is Halophila ovalis with a value of 4.75 gbk/m2. The results of measurements of seagrass carbon in Batulawang waters are 12,97 – 359,87 gC/m2­ and 258,20 – 541,51 gC/m2 on the sediments. The result of seagrass carbon measurement in Sintok Island is 2,35 – 85,80 gC/m2 and 204,92 – 765,92 gC/m2 on the sediments. The largest carbon content is at the bottom of the substrate (below ground). The carbon content at the bottom of the substrate is not disturbed by environmental factors (waves, currents, and human activities) so that it accumulates well.

scholarly journals Zooplankton in seagrass and adjacent non-seagrass habitats in Tun Mustapha Park, Sabah, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Sing Lui Lo ◽  
Tzuen Kiat Yap ◽  
Cheng Ann Chen ◽  
Teruaki Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Seagrass Bed ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Study Sites

A comparison of zooplankton abundance and community in the seagrass and non-seagrass areas of Limau-limauan and Bak- Bak waters within the newly established Tun Mustapha Marine Park was made during 15-17 May 2017. Samples were collected via horizontal tow of a 140 μm plankton net. Environmental variables (temperature, salinity, DO, pH, turbidity) showed no significant differences among the study sites. However, zooplankton showed increasing abundance from non-seagrass, seagrass edge, to seagrass areas at Limau-limauan, while abundance values were comparable among the stations at Bak-bak. Overall zooplankton abundance was significantly higher at the seagrass areas relative to the non-seagrass station at Limau-limauan (p < 0.005), while no statistical difference was found at Bak-Bak (p < 0.21). Mean canopy height was 3-fold higher (p < 0.001) at Limau-limauan than Bak-Bak, suggesting the importance of seagrass bed structural complexity in habitat preference for zooplankton. Cluster analysis revealed the zooplankton community from the seagrass area at Limau-limauan was different from that at seagrass edge and non-seagrass areas, which may be attributed to the influence of seagrass meadows in forming characteristic zooplankton compositions. Marked differences in zooplankton composition and abundance even in close vicinity of sites suggest the importance of local small-scale variations in seagrass habitats in shaping the zooplankton community.

scholarly journals Socio-Environmental Condition Of Women At Prison: A Case Study Of Karachi Central Jail

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Dur-e-Shehwar Baloch ◽  
Parveen Shah ◽  
Misbah B Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Women Prisoners ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Research Methodology ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
Condition Of Women

This paper proposed to discuss the socio-environmental conditions of women at prison in Karachi.1 Prison is kind of punishment in which people are physically restricted of a range of personal freedom. Besides this, in jail manual, women have been protected by different rules and regulations. This paper is an explanatory study based on quantitative and qualitative research methodology. The questionnaire method was used for the purpose of data collection. The study shows that the situation on ground and the conditions of women prisoners is not good. In Pakistan rules and laws are available however, they are not implemented. This paper also suggests measures and recommendations in order to overcome the unhealthy and unhygienic condition faced by women prisoners at Karachi Central Jail.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Insects in Traditionally Stored Rice at Farmhouses in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Rice Moth ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Meal Worm ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Control Insect

A survey was conducted to investigate rice storage practices at the farmer’s level and the prevalence of insects’ status through a pretested questionnaire in Mymensingh and Jashore districts, Bangladesh. For seed purposes, large, medium, and small farmers store about 40, 10, and 5 kg, respectively in the Aman season for 7 months whereas in the Boro season large and medium farmers keep about 80 and 20 kg for 5 months. Average storage time was the highest (7 months) for Boro and Aman rice by large and small farmers, respectively for consumption. Eleven storage items namely, Dole, Motka, Tin, Plastic Drum, Gunny Bag, Bamboo Gola, Dhari, Bamboo Auri, Berh, Steel Drum, and Plastic Bag were found. About 57 and 74% of farmers stored rice, among them 47 and 58% used traditional Dole in Jashore and Mymensingh, respectively. Tin and Berh (1%) were the least used storage structures. About 11 and 17%; 3 and 4% of farmers used neem leaf and chemicals especially phostoxin in storage as an insect repellent in these areas, respectively. The use of Plastic Bags increased sharply due to lightweight, availability, and low price, whereas Bamboo Gola, Berh, Motka users decreased remarkably. Relative abundance of the insect species was: Rice Moth Sitotroga cerealla, Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae, Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castoreum, and Lesser Meal Worm Alphitobious diaperinus. Maximum insect infestation was found in stored paddy in Dole followed by Motka, and Plastic Bag; and the least amount was observed in Plastic Drum in both regions. Three fourth of the respondents took no measures to control insect pests in stored rice.

scholarly journals Cadangan Karbon pada Ekosistem Padang Lamun di Siantan Tengah Taman Wisata Perairan Kepulauan Anambas

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al Rizky Ratno Budiarto ◽  
Johan Iskandar ◽  
Tri Dewi Kusumaningrum Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata

Secara global, ekosistem lamun dianggap sebagai penyerap karbon sehingga dapat berkontribusi terhadap mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis, biomassa dan cadangan karbon pada komunitas padang lamun di perairan Siantan Tengah Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Kepulauan Anambas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2019 s.d Januari 2020. Uji kandungan karbon dilakukan dengan metode Welkley and Black sedangkan untuk mendapatkan biomassa menggunakan metode gravimetrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga jenis lamun, yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Cymodocea rotundata. Nilai biomassa lamun berkisar antara 171,89 – 275,68 gbk/m2 dan nilai cadangan karbon berada pada kisaran 51,89 – 80,66 gC/m2. Padang lamun di Siantan Tengah memiliki luas 130,45 ha, sehingga total Cadangan karbon pada ekosistem padang lamun di perairan Siantan Tengah diperkirakan 95,88 ton C. Penelitian ini membuktikan adanya kandungan karbon pada biomassa lamun sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa padang lamun berperan sebagai penyerap karbon (carbon sink).  Globally, seagrass ecosystems are considered as carbon sink so that it can contribute to climate change mitigation. This research aims to determine the species composition, biomass, and carbon stock in seagrass communities in Siantan Tengah Marine Tourism Park of Anambas Islands. The research was conducted in Agustus 2019 – January 2020.  The carbon content test was carried out by the Walkley and Black method while to obtain biomass using the gravimetric method. The result od study showed that there are three species of seagrasses, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, and Cymodocea rotundata. Seagrass biomass value range 171,89 – 275,68 gbk/m2 and seagrass carbon stock value range 51,89 – 80,66 gC/m2. The area of seagrass beds in Central Siantan is 130,45 ha so that the total carbon stock estimated reach 95,88 tons C. This research proves the presence of carbon in the biomass of seagrass beds, so it can be concluded that seagrass beds act as carbon sinks.

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