Prevalence and Distribution of Weed Flora in Some Major Sugarcane Growing Areas of Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

Weed population survey was undertaken to determine prevalence and distribution of weeds, and asses weed flora shift in major sugarcane growing areas in Southern guinea savanna of Nigeria. The selected areas surveyed are namely Badeggi, Sulti, and Isenyi. The Sugarcane fields were assessed using 1.0 m x 1.0 m quadrat placed randomly at vegetative stage. Weed seedlings in each quadrat were clipped at the soil level and identified according to standards. Result revealed that a total of 38 weed species were recorded. Graminaea and compositae were most abundant and diversified families based on the number of species recorded. Individual weed species shows variation in their abundance, dominance and frequency. The most frequent weed species in the Sugarcane fields irrespective of the soil, climate and crop varieties were Hyptis suaveolens, Paspalum scrobiculata, Kyllinga squamulata, Dactylactenum aegypium and Cynadon dactylon and were considered as the most important species in the surveyed areas. From Similarity indices, variations were observed between locations. Accordingly, areas having similarity indices more than 60 % indicate similarities in weed community. Thus, when devising a weed control strategies same control option should be considered for the location that have similar weed flora and vise-versa.

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Influence of NPK fertilization on weed flora in maize field

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.63.2014.1.15 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Éva Lehoczky ◽

M. Kamuti ◽

N. Mazsu ◽

J. Tamás ◽

D. Sáringer-Kenyeres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Nutrition ◽

Crop Production ◽

N Availability ◽

Weed Species ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Production Factors ◽

Maize Field ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Npk Fertilization

Plant nutrition is one of the most important intensification factors of crop production. The utilization of nutrients, however, may be modified by a number of production factors, including weed presence. Thus, the knowledge of occurring weed species, their abundance, nutrient and water uptake is extremely important to establish an appropriate basis for the evaluation of their risks or negative effects on crops. That is why investigations were carried out in a long-term fertilization experiment on the influence of different nutrient supplies (Ø, PK, NK, NPK) on weed flora in maize field.The weed surveys recorded similar diversity on the experimental area: the species of A. artemisiifolia, S. halepense and D. stramonium were dominant, but C. album and C. hybridum were also common. These species and H. annuus were the most abundant weeds.Based on the totalized and average data of all treatments, density followed the same tendency in the experimental years. It was the highest in the PK treated and untreated plots, and significantly exceeded the values of NK fertilized areas. Presumably the better N availability promoted the development of nitrophilic weeds, while the mortality of other small species increased.Winter wheat and maize forecrops had no visible influence on the diversity and the intensity of weediness. On the contrary, there were consistent differences in the density of certain weed species in accordance to the applied nutrients. A. artemisiifolia was present in the largest number in the untreated control and PK fertilized plots. The density of S. halepense and H. annuus was also significantly higher in the control areas. The number of their individuals was smaller in those plots where N containing fertilizers were used. Contrary to them, the density of D. stramonium, C. album and C. hybridum was the highest in the NPK treatments.

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SIMULATION OF INTEGRATED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR OROBANCHE SPP. BASED ON A LIFE CYCLE MODEL

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s001447970100401x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 37-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

E. KEBREAB ◽

A. J. MURDOCH

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Integrated Control ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Computer Simulation Model ◽

Weed Species ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

High Level

A computer simulation model was developed to investigate strategies for control of the parasitic weed species of Orobanche. The model makes use of data from published literature and predicts infestation levels in a dynamic and deterministic way. It is predicted that sustainable control of the parasite can only be achieved by reducing the soil seed bank to levels of 1000–2000 seeds m−2 and maintaining it at that level in subsequent years. When cultural control methods such as hand weeding, trap/catch cropping, delayed planting, resistant cultivars and solarization were considered individually, a relatively high level of effectiveness was required to contain the soil seed bank. An integrated approach with a selection of appropriate cultural methods is therefore recommended for further testing and validation in the field. The simulations demonstrate the importance of preventing new seeds entering the soil seed bank and that although reducing the soil seed bank may not increase yield for the first few years, it will ultimately increase production.

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EFFECT OF POPULATION DENSITY OF SWEET POTATO ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE-SWEET POTATO INTERCROP FOR WEEDS SUPPRESSION IN SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH NIGERIA

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.28941/pjwsr.v26i2.853 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 215-230

Author(s):

Felix O Takim

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Block Design ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Weed Species ◽

Planting Time ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Weed Infestation

ABSTRACT Maize–sweet potato intercropping often results in weed suppression and increased crop productivity. This study was designed to determine the appropriate planting time and optimal density of sweet potato in a maize-sweet potato intercropping system that will minimize weed infestation and improve yield of the component crops in a drought-prone southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and 3 replications in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The main plots were planting time (May, June and July) while the sub-plots consisted of 3 maize-sweet potato intercropping populations(maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato, maize at 53,333 plants/ha + 66,666 plants/ha of sweet potato and maize at 53,333 plants/ha +99,999plants/ha of sweet potato), sole maize at 53,333 plants/ha and sole sweet potato at 33,333 plants/ha. The results revealed that, 7 weed species were the most prevalent and there was inconsistent effect of planting date on weed flushes while weed smothering efficiency of intercropping was between 31 to 49 % and 48 to 73% for weed density and weed biomass, respectively. Intercropping resulted in land equivalent ratios (LER) of 1.29 to 1.74 while the competitive ability of maize was increased with an increase in sweet potato density. Planting in the month of June had significantly higher tuber yield of 9.56 t/ha of sweet potato and maize grain yield of 3.28 t/ha while intercropping 33,333 plants/ha of sweet potato (1 vine of sweet potato planted at 0.40m apart on the ridge and 0.75m between ridges) and maize at 53,333 plants/ha (0.25m x 0.75m) gave an intercrop yield of 7.32 t/ha tubers and 3.46 t/ha grain yield with highest LER of 1.74, a net profit of ₦566,435.00 and benefit cost ratio of 1.44 was relatively similar to sole sweet potato. Therefore, the above intercropping pattern established in the month of June will minimize weed infestation and improve productivity of maize and sweet potato in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria.

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Survey Results on Environmental Issues and Weed Science Research Priorities within the Corn Belt

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00037684 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 763-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Edward W. Stoller ◽

Loyd M. Wax ◽

David M. Alm

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Research Priorities ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Science Research ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Corn Belt ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Science

A survey determined the views of individuals in seven groups comprising the weed science community in the corn belt (primarily in Illinois) for importance of 8 environmental and 14 crop production issues and 16 weed species in setting weed science research priorities for the next 3 to 5 yr. The survey also considered if funding of research to solve these environmental and production issues should be from the private or public sector. Velvetleaf, foxtail species, and common lambsquarters were considered the top three weed species by all respondents, and each of these weeds was among the five most important weeds within each of the seven survey groups. Improving ground and surface water quality were the foremost environmental issues for all respondents, but soybean growers listed herbicide carryover as their top environmental concern. Reducing herbicide residues in food and developing sustainable practices were given low preference by all groups. Sustainable growers rated reducing herbicide carryover and minimizing applicator exposure as their lowest priorities. Among all respondents, the top three production issues were improved weed control in conservation tillage, more economical weed control, and improved integrated control strategies. Studying the biology/life cycles of weeds was the third highest production priority of University and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) weed scientists, but was the last choice when averaged over the aggregate survey group. Developing strategies for resistant weeds and herbicide-resistant crops were chemical dealers top two priorities. Industry representatives gave the former subject their highest rating and the latter their lowest rating. Crop consultants seemed to want decision aids, as they chose assessing weed loss/thresholds and developing weed control/economic models among their top three production issues. Both corn and soybean growers desired more economical weed control as a first choice, while sustainable growers wanted improved cultural control strategies. Corn and soybean growers ranked developing new herbicides among their top three choices, but this issue was the lowest choice of the sustainable growers. University, USDA, and industrial weed scientists suggested that their own organizations conduct the research on their highest priorities issues.

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A New Approach to Weed Management to Mitigate Herbicide Resistance in Argentina

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-16-00016.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (SP1) ◽

pp. 641-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Claudio Rubione ◽

Sarah M. Ward

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Weed Management ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

National Committee ◽

Weed Species ◽

Corn Production ◽

Public And Private ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Export Taxes

The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a major concern in the corn- and soybean-producing Pampas region of Argentina, where growers predominantly plant glyphosate-resistant crop varieties and depend heavily on glyphosate for weed control. Currently, 16 weed species in Argentina are resistant to one or more of three different herbicide mechanisms of action, and resistant weed populations continue to increase, posing a serious threat to agricultural production. Implementation of integrated weed management to address herbicide resistance faces significant barriers in Argentina, especially current land ownership and rental patterns in the Pampas. More than 60% of Pampas cropland is rented to tenants for periods that rarely exceed 1 yr, resulting in crop rotation being largely abandoned, and crop export taxes and quotas have further discouraged wheat and corn production in favor of continuous soybean production. In this paper we discuss ways to facilitate new approaches to weed management in Argentina, including legal and economic reforms and the formation of a national committee of stakeholders from public and private agricultural sectors.

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Weed infestation and factors affecting weed incidence in spring cereals in Finland - a multivariate approach

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72678 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 525-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jukka Salonen

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Correspondence Analysis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Weed Species ◽

Data Set ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Weed Infestation

Weed vegetation of spring cereal fields in southern and central Finland was analyzed by ordination methods to provide a community level description of weed populations. Attention was paid particularly to the relative importance of environmental factors affecting weed incidence such as crop management, soil properties and weather conditions. A data set of 33 weed taxa from 252 fields was subjected to both indirect and direct gradient analysis. Indirect ordination was obtained with correspondence analysis (CA), and direct gradient analyses were performed with redundancy analysis (RDA) and with canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) relating environmental factors to the occurrence of weeds. Among several management factors, continuous herbicide use explained best the variation in the species composition of weed flora. Weed vegetation was also associated with soil type, moisture conditions and soil pHH2O. Ordination diagrams visualized the species-environment interactions and detected characteristic weed species for different geographical regions. In addition to ordination analyses of weed flora, the level and structure of weed infestation are described. The density of weeds averaged 170 plants m2 (median=124) and the air-dry weight of weeds 320 kg ha-1 (median=183). The average weed density was the same in different soil types, but the weed biomass was lower in clay soils than in coarse mineral and organic soils

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A Comparison of Four Orchard Floor Management Strategies for Lemons in Southwestern Arizona

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.578b ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 578b-578

Author(s):

G.C. Wright ◽

W.B. McCloskey ◽

K.C. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tree Roots ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Orchard Floor Management ◽

Tree Canopies ◽

Weed Flora ◽

Fall Application ◽

Treatment Application

Four orchard floor management strategies—disking, mowing, chemical mow, and clean culture using herbicides—were evaluated in a `Limoneira 8A Lisbon' lemon orchard in Southern Arizona, starting in the fall of 1993. Disking was the cultural practice used to manage the orchard floor before the start of the experiment. Although disking the orchard floor may have injured shallow tree roots, it provided satisfactory weed control except underneath the tree canopies where bermudagrass, purple nutsedge, and other weed species survived. Chemical mowing with Roundup at 1.168 L/ha did not provide satisfactory control of many weed species and required too many applications to be commercially feasible. This treatment was converted to a combination clean culture and disk treatment (clean and disk) in Summer 1995. Mowing the orchard suppressed broadleaf weed species, allowing the spread and establishment of grasses, primarily bermudagrass, and to a lesser extent, southern sandburr. A fall application of Solicam and Surflan followed by a summer spot treatment application of Roundup was used to control the weed flora in the clean culture treatment. Spot treatment applications of sethoxydim (Poast and Torpedo) were also made to control bermudagrass growing under the tree canopies in the clean culture treatment. Total 1995 yield of the mow, clean & disk, disk, and clean culture treatments were 4867, 5112, 5216, and 6042 kg of fruit, respectively. For the first harvest of 1995, the trees under clean culture also had significantly greater numbers of large fruit than did the trees under the other treatments.

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WEED PHYTOSOCIOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION IN VINEYARDS IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER VALLEY

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n114rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 132-143

Author(s):

BRUNO FRANÇA DA TRINDADE LESSA ◽

MATHEUS ALVES DA PAZ ◽

ARIEL MARQUES REGES ◽

IGOR SOUZA DE OLIVEIRA ◽

MIRELLA RODRIGUES ANTUNES

Keyword(s):

Population Distribution ◽

Production Systems ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Control Strategies ◽

River Valley ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Important Species ◽

Sao Francisco River ◽

São Francisco River

ABSTRACT Information on the different species that compose a weed community is essential for plant protection managements in production systems, which should include not only flora identification and diversity assessments, but morphological and ecophysiological aspects that can to show the potential effect of the agrosystem and guide the conduction of weed control strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to conduct a floristic and phytosociological surveying to identify the grouping patterns of weed populations in vineyards in the Petrolina-Juazeiro irrigated perimeter, in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley, Brazil. The absolute and relative values of weed frequency, density, abundance, importance value index, population distribution level, and similarity between areas were evaluated in five properties. A high diversity of species of the families Poaceae, Malvaceae, and Asteraceae were found. The most important species found were Commelina benghalensis, Euphorbia hirta, and Cyperus aggregatus. The distribution of populations was mainly in aggregate and highly aggregate forms.

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Phytotoxicity of Hyptis Suaveolens against soybean and lettuce crops

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/1372020958 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

S. S. Nascimento ◽

S. G. Pereira ◽

D. J. Amorim ◽

M. S. Mendes ◽

I. S. Reis

Keyword(s):

Germination Rate ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Initial Development ◽

Important Species ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Hyptis Suaveolens ◽

In Vitro Investigation

The in vitro investigation of phytotoxic activity on germination and seedling development is the initial part in the search for new herbicides or bioerbicides, when verifying this action new in vivo studies must be carried out on weeds. In this way, the phytotoxic action of Hyptis suaveolens was investigated on the initial development of two economically important species, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) Initially the crude ethanolic extract from the leaves of H. suaveolens was obtained, which was partitioned into a separating funnel, using one part water to four ethyl acetate (4x), obtaining the aqueous and organic fraction. The parameters analyzed were: germination inhibition, germination speed index, growth inhibition of seedlings and biomass production. The organic fraction inhibited 100% germination of lettuce seeds at all concentrations and, for soybean, it was observed that the highest inhibition was 33% at the highest concentration. In the test using the aqueous fraction, the inhibitions of the germination of the soybean seeds occurred from the concentration of 5%. The germination rate of lettuce and soybean seeds was also reduced by the two fractions. The other parameters were also negatively affected. Thus, it was concluded that the aqueous and organic fractions present phytotoxic potential in the development of lettuce and soybean.

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Reaction of weeds, found in vegetable production areas, to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620190413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 445-450

Author(s):

Jadir B Pinheiro ◽

Giovani Olegario da Silva ◽

Danielle Biscaia ◽

Amanda G Macedo ◽

Núbia Maria Correia

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Great Majority ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Weed Species ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Hyptis Suaveolens ◽

Race 1 ◽

Production Areas

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes cause great damage to vegetable crops in Brazil, besides having a large range of host plants, such as weeds. Weeds can maintain the inoculums or even favor the multiplication of these nematodes. In this study we evaluated the reaction of selected weed species, present in a vegetable production area, to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii. The trials were conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília-DF, in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Fifteen weed species were evaluated for M. incognita race 1, and 16 weed species were evaluated for M. enterolobii. Two tomato cultivars were evaluated as resistance and susceptibility standards. Gall index (IG), egg mass index (IMO), number of eggs per gram of roots (eggs/g roots) and reproduction factor (FR) were evaluated. M. enterolobii survives and multiplies more easily in weeds collected in vegetable production areas than M. incognita race 1 and, the great majority of weed species evaluated in this study are hosts of both nematode species. Only the species Urena lobata, Sonchus oleraceus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Melampodium perfoliatum and Tagetes sp. were immune to M. incognita race 1. All evaluated species are either hosts or favor the multiplication of M. enterolobii. The species which are the most susceptible to M. incognita race 1, and therefore require greater control of crops infected by this nematode are Ipomoea nil, I. triloba and Eleusine indica, and for M. enterolobii are I. nil, Solanum americanum, Hyptis suaveolens, Portulaca oleracea, I. triloba and Euphorbia heterophylla.

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