scholarly journals NITRIFICATION IN THE ROOT ZONE OF WINTER RYE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL NITROGEN AND PRESOWING SEED BACTERIZATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
I. G. Chuchvaga ◽  
V. V. Volkogon

The paper studies the influence of mineral nitrogen and presowing seeds bakterization on the activity of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification in rhizosphere soil of winter rye plants. Increasing doses of mineral nitrogen enhance nitrification activity. Application of microbial preparation Diazobakteryn has a prolonged influence and improves nitrification process, mainly due to the increase of heterotrophic nitrification activity.

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
I. G. Korotka ◽  
V. V. Volkogon

The paper depicts the study of mineral nitrogen and pre-sowing seeds bacteryzation on the development of nitrogen fixing bacteria and the activity of autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification. It was revealed that nitrification activity in the root zone of winter rye plants rises together with the increase of mineral nitrogen doses. Heterotrophic nitrification plays a significant role in the formation of nitrate pool in the root zone, especially during the early stages of plants organogenesis. Application of the microbial preparation Diazobakteryn had enhanced the activity autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification processes in the rhizosphere soil of plants in the spring, during the early stages of their development while during the next organogenesis phases the reduction of nitrification processes was observed. In plants-free soil the contribution of heterotrophic nitrification to biological transformation of nitrogen was negligible.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
V. Volkogon ◽  
I. Korotka

Aim. To determine physiologically expedient rates of mineral nitrogen in winter rye production on sod-podzol- ic soils based on the orientation of the processes of biological nitrogen transformation in the plants rhizosphere. Methods. Field studies, gas chromatography determination of potential nitrogen fi xation activity and potential emissions of N 2 O. Results. The results obtained have demonstrated that the rates of mineral nitrogen, not ex- ceeding 60 kg/ha, can be considered physiologically expedient for winter rye production on sod-podzolic soils. Under the application of microbial preparation Diazobakteryn, there is a higher physiological need of plants for nitrogen, which allows increasing the rates of nitrogen fertilizers up to 90 kg/ha. Conclusions. The orienta- tion of the processes of biological nitrogen transformation in the root zone of plants is a reliable indicator of determining the appropriateness of nitrogen fertilization of crops.


2013 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
P. V. Kovpak ◽  
L. M. Tokmakova ◽  
I. V. Larchenko ◽  
A. O. Trepach

The paper presents the results of studies of the impact of microbial preparation Polymyxobacteryn and different doses of mineral fertilizers on the development of phosphorous mobilizing bacteria in rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants (Sonechko variety). It was shown that quantity phosphorous mobilizing bacteria increases under the influence of bacterization and fertilizers in doses not exceeding N60P60K60.


The article presents the results of a vegetation experiment on studying an effect of increasing doses of nitrogen (factor С - N0; No.o5; No.io; N015; No.2o; N0,25 g/kg of absolutely dry soil) and pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with biological preparation "Risotorphine" (factor В - no inoculation; by inoculation) on the formation of vegetative mass and grain yield ofpeas at cultivating in the conditions of a poorly cultivated (factor A0) and of a medium cultivated (factor A f sod-podzolic soil. Cultivation degree of soil was expressed by such criteria as power of an arable horizon, value of metabolic acidity and content of mobile phosphorus, a degree of saturation of soil with bases. For experience tab there were used Mitscher-lich cups with a capacity of 5 kg of absolutely dry soil (a.d.s.), in 16 repetitions of options. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of vegetation site on the territory of University Scientific Centre "Lipogorie" of FSBEI Perm GATA, guided by a science-based methodology. When harvesting peas for a green mass more intensive development and productivity of plants (23.3 and 58.9, 40.0, 78.8 g/cup, respectively) in the phase of stem branching and budding a beginning offlowering that is recorded for its use on the background of inoculation, usage of mineral nitrogen in a dose of 0.10 g/kg on a poorly cultivated soil and 0.15 g/kg a.d.s. on a medium cultivated soil. Applying of higher doses of nitrogen has a depressing effect on development of assimilating surface of pea plants on a poorly and a medium cultivated soil. When raising pea plants before harvest maturity of grain: in the conditions of a poorly cultivated soil for yield at the level of 7.92 g/cup, the process of carrying on only an inoculation of seed with microbial preparation "Rizotorfin" can be considered; in the medium cultivated soil varieties, plant peas impose higher requirements for the level of mineral nutrition the maximum yield in the experiment (which 9.22 g/cup), noted at a combined use of inoculation and mineral nitrogen in a dose of 0.20 g/kg a.d.s.


Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kostyuchenko ◽  
Viktor Lyakh ◽  
Anatoliy Soroka

Abstract The effects of various concentrations of herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus on the state of microbiota in the root zone of sunflower have been studied. Soil of plant rhizosphere and interrow soil after treatment with the herbicide at the doses of 1.2 and 2.5 l/ha were taken for the analysis at the end of sunflower growing season. Rhizosphere soil without herbicide application was used as a control. The herbicide was applied at the stage of 2–4 true leaves. The total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of control plants was 12.82 million CFU/g of soil while in the rhizosphere and in the interrow soil after herbicide treatment with a dose of 2.5 l/ha it decreased by 1.4–1.5 times. A general trend of decline in number of the basic ecological and trophic groups of bacterial microorganisms with the increase in a dose of herbicide was established. Microbiological coefficients that reflect the functional activity of the microflora indicate changes in its biological activity under the influence of the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, which leads to deterioration in the agroecological state of the studied soils. It was also found that herbicide application resulted in a rearrangement of micromycete complexes in the root zone of sunflower which led to a two-fold reduction, compared to the control, of mycobiota species diversity and the formation of a specific species composition of mycocenoses. A greater genus and species diversity of fungi of the microflora in the rhizosphere of control plants, in comparison with the herbicide-treated soil, was revealed. A reduction in species diversity of the genus Penicillium from six species in the control to 1–2 species in the rhizosphere of experimental sunflower plants as well as the absence of rare saprophytic fungi species from the genera Acremonium, Verticillium, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces were noted.


1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katznelson ◽  
B. Bose

Bacterial isolates from the roots of wheat (rhizoplane) were more active in oxidizing glucose and alanine than cultures isolated from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphcre soils. In general, metabolic activity was greater with alanine than with glucose. Over one third of the cultures tested were capable of dissolving insoluble phosphorus in the form of CaHPO4 but the roots did not appear to exert a selective effect on these forms. However, the phosphate-solubilizing organisms from the rhizoplane were also the most active in oxidizing glucose and alanine. Those from the rhizosphere soil were intermediate in this respect. By far the majority of these phosphate-dissolving bacteria were in the nutritional group requiring unknown substances in yeast and soil extracts for optimal growth. It was suggested that although these bacteria were not preferentially stimulated in the root zone, their large numbers and their greater metabolic activity may contribute significantly to the phosphate economy of the plant.


2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
V.V. Volkogon ◽  
S.B. Dimova ◽  
K.I. Volkogon ◽  
M.S. Komok ◽  
N.P. Shtan’ko

The paper shows the results of studies of denitrification activityin root zone of spring barley, maize and potato under the use of mineralfertilizers and microbial preparations. It was established that applicationof optimal for the plants growth and development doses of fertilizershad restrained the biological denitrification activity due to the bothplants assimilation of mineral nitrogen and deprivation of rhizosphericmicroorganisms with nitrite respiration substrate. Use of physiologicallyungrounded doses of fertilizers especially when combining withmicrobial preparations had led to the significant loses of nitrogen dueto the denitrification. Thereby the application of microbial preparationsin agricultural crops growing technologies should be performed onoptimal agricultural backgrounds keeping biological denitrification atits lowest levels.


2014 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
I. G. Chuchvaha ◽  
Yu. M. Khalep

The survey results of the economic and energy efficiency of the microbial preparation Diazobacterin use along with fertilizers in cultivation technology of winter rye are presented. It was established that combined application of Diazobacterin and fertilization in a dose N60K40 in winter rye cultivation on sod-podzolic soils to be the most cost and energy efficient.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Min Zhu ◽  
Guo-Dong Han ◽  
Hai-Li Liu ◽  
Yue-Hua Wang

Abstract The root zone microbial structure is particularly complex for plants with rhizosheaths, which may play an important role in the future agricultural sustainable development. However, one of the important reasons for restricting our study of rhizosheath microbial structure is that there is no definite method for rhizosheath separation. The aim of this study was to explore the isolation methods of rhizosheath and the diversity and functional characteristics of microorganisms around the rhizosphere. In this study, we isolated the rhizosheath of Stipa grandis, a dominant species in desert steppe, and the microorganisms in the roots, root epidermis, rhizosheath, rhizosphere soil were extracted and sequenced by 16s RNA and ITS. The bacterial alpha diversity index was in the order rhizosphere soil > rhizosheath > root epidermis > endophytic, and the fungal alpha diversity index was rhizosphere soil and rhizosheath > root epidermis and endophytic. There were significant differences in bacterial community structure between the root epidermis and endophytic, rhizosheath, rhizosphere soil, and the sum of relative abundance of the dominant bacterial populations Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria was 73.9% in the root epidermis. Different from bacterial community structure, the community structure of root epidermis fungi was similar to endophytic, but significantly different from rhizosheath and rhizosphere soil. We suggest that the root epidermis can act as the interface between the host plant root and the external soil environment. This study will provide theoretical and technical guidance for the isolation of plant rhizosheath and the study of microorganisms in it.


1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Bacon ◽  
JA Thompson

The growth and nitrogen uptake of a maize crop (Zea mays) were studied under furrow irrigation on a red-brown earth soil. Plots receiving 120 kg N/ha as urea at sowing were compared with unfertilized plots and with plots receiving the same amount of nitrogen, as urea or aqua ammonia, added to water during three irrigations: in the first or last 2 h of three 6-h irrigations (at 20 kg N/ha.h), or continuously during three 6-h irrigations (6.7 kg N1ha.h). Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake measurements made 21,36,49,84 and 150 d after emergence all revealed a consistent pattern of results. The same pattern was also evident in grain yield. Urea-fertilized plots gave higher yields (mean of the three application methods = 3.2 t/ha) than ammonia-fertilized plots (1 .8 t/ha). Application early in the irrigation was superior to application throughout irrigation (3 .2 and 2 .5 t/ha, respectively), while plots receiving nitrogen late in the irrigation gave the lowest yield (1 .8 t/ha). There was no significant (P< 0.05) difference between yield from plots receiving urea early in irrigation and that from those receiving urea at sowing. Soil nitrate-nitrogen concentrations below the hills were higher for urea treatments, suggesting greater penetration of the urea solution. In the ammonia treatments, a much higher concentration of ammonium-nitrogen was found immediately under the furrow than under the furrows of urea-fertilized plots, confirming the relatively restricted movement of ammonia into the soil. Ammonia concentration of the irrigation water fell by up to 32% over a 90 m length of furrow. This loss was ascribed to volatilization. Urea was superior to ammonia largely because it minimized mineral nitrogen retention near the soil surface and because it was not susceptible to volatilization losses. Fertilizer application early in the irrigation, during the period of high infiltration, resulted in lower retention of mineral nitrogen close to the furrow surface and away from the root zone. It also reduced the proportion of nutrient solution lost to the drainage system.


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