scholarly journals MICROBIOCENOSIS OF RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER THE USE OF AGROBACTERIUM RADIOBACTER 204, ACTIVATED WITH NANOCARBOXYLATES OF METALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
S. F. Kozar ◽  
T. A. Evtushenko ◽  
T. O. Usmanova ◽  
Ye. P. Symonenko
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The effectiveness of pre-sowing inoculation of winter wheat seeds with Agrobacterium radiobacter204, pre-activated with nanocarboxylates of metals, and the preparation Avatar (a complex of traceelements - metal nanocarboxylates), applied in combination and separately, was studied. The combinedapplication of bacterization and a complex of trace elements positively affects the microbiocenosis of therhizospheric soil of winter wheat: an increase in the number of ammonifiers (from 43.8% to 77.1%),nitrogen-fixing bacteria (from 2.7 to 3.5 times) was noted, while the number of micromycetes reduced.Pre-sowing bacterization and application of nanocarboxylates of metals contributes to the increase of thepotential nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizosphere soil and increase of wheat yield by 24.4% compared withthe control variant.

The elemental composition of grains of winer wheat for pre-treatment of manganese sulphate

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
E. P. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Volcanic Origin ◽  
Manganese Sulphate ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The research has been aimed at definition of bioavailable forms of selected trace elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Co) in agricultural soils.The analyzed soils were generally characterized by acid or very acid pH. Manganese impact on plant growth and a content of the elements in grain have been studied during pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with solutions of manganese sulphate. The field research was undertaken during 2012-2014. Experimental scheme consisted of the following variants: 1–5 – pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds Artemida by solutions of MnSO4 • 5H2O with corresponding percentage of concentrations: 1.0; 0.5; 0.1; 0.01; 0,001. Processing has been performed a day before sowing. Variant 6 – control, without processing. The soil was sod-brown, hydrolytic acidity – 3,47, exchange acidity – 4,82. Germination of the seeds has been preliminary determined in laboratory conditions. The growth rate, increase of dry weight, has been determined in the tillering stage (3–1 leaves). ICP spectrometry method has been applied to study the elemental compositions of the grain and soil using emission spectrometer ISP-MS Agilent 7700x. Soil samples extracted with ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.8 in soil-solution correlation 1:5. Samples of the grain have been chosen selectively from the plots of each variant in the stage of full grain maturity. The average sample from each repetition has been prepared for the analysis. The samples were milled and ashed in nitric acid using microwave system of sample preparation – Milestone Start D. Fluka Multielement standard solution 5 for ICP has been used for calibration standards. Biological absorption coefficients (Cba) have been identified for establishing of quantitative parameters of transition of micronutrients from the soil into the wheat plants. Cb.a. have been determined by the correlation between the concentration of the element in wheat and its concentration in soil. Comparison has been conducted between two samples: Cba in the variant of optimal 0,01 % concentration of manganese sulphate in pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds and Cb.a in control variant where the natural influence – high availability of mobile forms of microelements in soil under research - has been taken into consideration. The research on determination of bioavailable forms of trace elements in the sod-brown soils has demonstrated very high provision of mobile forms of manganese and copper as well as high provision of zinc and cobalt. It has been explained by the genesis of these soils since soil forming rocks of volcanic origin are saturated with polymetals and mobility and bioavailability depend on the acid reaction of soil solution. Based on manganese research results there was defined a clear dependence of the plant growth on the concentration of manganese sulphate in pre-sowing treatment of wheat seeds. The usage of 0, 01–0,001 % manganese sulphate solutions is optimal for winter wheat growth. Treatment with these concentrations stimulates the growth of the plants in comparison to the control variant. Higher concentrations, 0,1–1,0 %, can result with deceleration of growth processes. It has been found out that the content of manganese in wheat depends on the concentration of the element used in pre-sowing treatment of seeds. The general conformity to natural laws of this dependence is due to the fact that as the concentration of manganese in pre-sowing treatment of seeds has decreased, its concentration in seeds has increased, but it has been less than in seeds of the control variant. We should mention that the concentration of manganese in wheat seeds of the control variant has a little exceeded the maximum allowable concentration. There was assumed that in the case of pre-sowing treatment of the seeds with solutions of manganese sulphate of 0,01 and 0,001 % concentrations the manganese can act as a microelement without negative influence on formation of harvest and the content of valuable manganese microelement in grain. During the pre-sowing treatment of the seeds the manganese reveals its antagonism in respect to accumulation of copper and not affecting the content of zinc and cobalt in the grain. Manganese, zinc, and copper can be accumulated in the grain of winter wheat, Cba> 1.The reason is high need of crops, including winter wheat, in these microelements.

Research on Improvement of Nitrogenase Activity of Free-Living Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Using DBD Plasma

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2674-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yun Zhu ◽  
Xiao Li Zhu ◽  
Fang She Yang
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Reduction Assay ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were screened from the rhizosphere soil of plants in Shaanxi in China. 36 free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains were isolated and their nitrogenase activity were determined by acetylene reduction assay (ARA), two strains named FLNB03 and FLNB09 with higher nitrogenase activity were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The datum showed that FLNB03 was similar to Acinetobacter and their similarity reached 99%, FLNB09 was similar to Agrobacterium sp. and their similarity reached 99%. Then both of them were treated using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma for mutation and their mutants called FLNB03-2 and FLNB09-3 were obtained. The nitrogenase activity of FLNB03-2 was 0.61±0.10 nmol•107cfu-1•h-1, and that of FLNB09-3 was 0.40±0.05 nmol•107cfu-1•h-1, their nitrogenase activity increased by 22.00% and 14.29% than their original bacteria respectively. FLNB03-2 and FLNB09-3 might be used as microbial fertilizer.

scholarly journals Comprehensive protection of winter wheat from harmful organisms of agrocenosis in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
A. Bakalova ◽  
N. Gritsyuk ◽  
O. Derechа
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Substance Treatment ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Goal. To study influence of complex application of fungicidal, insecticidal action on the dynamics of the number of harmful organisms and fusarium root rot on winter wheat crops under the conditions of the Polissya of Ukraine. Method. The research was carried out during 2015—2017 on the experimental field of ZNAEU with. Greater Gorbash Chernyakhivsky area Zhytomyr region. The cultivation of winter wheat was carried out in accordance with the Polissya zone of Ukraine. Sizes of experimental sites 50 m2, repetition — four times. The research was carried out on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition — F1 — N150P60K100, F2 — N210P84K140 of the active substance. Treatment of wheat seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations was carried out one day before sowing. The accounting of damage to wheat plants by the dominant pests was carried out from the IV stage of organogenesis by the method of recording areas using the framework imposed on the plants. The accounting for fusarium root rot was carried out in the phase of full ripeness before harvesting. Samples of plants for analysis were excavated from two adjacent rows of 0.5 m and recorded on a scale: 0 points — the plant did not affect; 1 point — defeat to 30% of the roots and up to 50% of the stem base; 2 points — defeat 30—60% of the roots and more than 50% of the stem base; 3 points — defeat more than 60% of the roots. Results. As a result of research on winter wheat crops, where N150P60K100 of active ingredient (F1) was introduced, the number of cicadas changed from 28 to 92 spe/ m², corn flies decreased by 56 spe/m², corn aphids decreased by 40 spe/ m². its population for the complex processing of seeds Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). The spread of fusarium root decreased by 22—23%, development — by 2.5—2.8% compared with the control variant. At higher levels of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 the grain yield increases from 3.5 to 5.8 t/ha, and the increase in yield was from 0.73 to 2.25 t/ha, which is 0.4 t/ha more than in the background of 1 in option Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). Conclusions. Complex treatment of seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations contributed to a decrease in the number of plant phytophages and a decrease in winter wheat damage by fusarium root rot. The combination of different standards of mineral nutrition and tank mixes for seed drilling improved the characteristics of the structure of the crop. The highest increment of yield was obtained at elevated norms of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 in combination with the use of a mixture of drugs Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t), which was 2.25 t/ ha compared with the control variant.

Phylogenetic diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and thenifHgene from mangrove rhizosphere soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyin Liu ◽  
Mengjun Peng ◽  
Youguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Nifh Gene ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Pcr Cloning ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems

Nine types of nitrogen-fixing bacterial strains were isolated from 3 rhizosphere soil samples taken from mangrove plants in the Dongzhaigang National Mangrove Nature Reserve of China. Most isolates belonged to Gammaproteobacteria Pseudomonas , showing that these environments constituted favorable niches for such abundant nitrogen-fixing bacteria. New members of the diazotrophs were also found. Using a soil DNA extraction and PCR-cloning-sequencing approach, 135 clones were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and 27 unique nifH sequence phylotypes were identified, most of which were closely related to sequences from uncultured bacteria. The diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was assessed by constructing nifH phylogenetic trees from sequences of all isolates and clones in this work, together with related nifH sequences from other mangrove ecosystems in GenBank. The nifH diversity varied among soil samples, with distinct biogeochemical properties within a mangrove ecosystem. When comparing different mangrove ecosystems, the nifH gene sequences from a specific site tended to cluster as individual groups. The results provided interesting data and novel information on our understanding of diazotroph community diversity in the mangrove ecosystems.

scholarly journals Biological and Physicochemical Parameters Related to the Nitrogen Cycle in the Rhizospheric Soil of Native Potato (Solanum phureja) Crops of Colombia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nathalia Flórez-Zapata ◽  
Daniel Uribe-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Solanum Phureja ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Physical Chemical

Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in agricultural production. This study was designed to evaluate the presence of cultivable N cycle-associated microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing bacteria—NFB, proteolytic bacteria—PR, ammonifiers—AMO, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria—AOB, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria—NOB, and denitrifiers—DEN), and their relationship with physical-chemical and agronomic soil descriptors, inSolanum phurejarhizospheric soil samples, from traditional and organic crop management farms. A cluster analysis with the physical and chemical properties of soil, allowed to identify the organic matter content as an important factor that determines the outcome of that grouping. Significant differences () between farms were found in the abundance of this groups, but correlation analysis showed that proteolytic and nitrogen fixing bacteria were the main nitrogen associated functional groups affected by soils' physical-chemical characteristics. The amount of ammonia available is affected by the agricultural management strategy, which consequently affects the NFB abundance. Finally the results showed that PR, protease activity and soil properties related with organic matter transformation has a positive relationship with productivity, which given the high organic matter content of the Andean soils being studied, we conclude that nitrogen mineralization process has an important role in the nitrogen cycle and its bioavailability in this ecosystem.

scholarly journals ACTION OF PHOSPHATE-MOBILIZING BACTERIA AGROBACTERIUM RADIOBACTER ON THE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE RHIZOSPHERE SOIL OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
L.M. Tokmakova ◽  
A.O. Trepach ◽  
I.V. Larchenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Leached Chernozem

Phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil of winter wheat plants variety Poliska 90 under the actionof phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Agrobacterium radiobacter has been investigated in a field experimenton leached chernozem. It was found, that bacterization of seeds of winter wheat with A. radiobactercontributes to improved phosphatase activity in rhizosphere soil that probably promotes activation ofmineralization process of organic phosphorus compounds in the soil and improves phosphorus nutritionof plants.

The Impact of UV Irradiation of Winter Wheat Seeds on Enzymatic Activity in the Germination Period

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Simonova ◽  
M M Ayrapetyan ◽  
A A Eroshenko ◽  
N S Vertiy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Germination Period ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheat Seeds

There have been conducted comprehensive studies of the effect of UV irradiation on enzymatic activity in the germination period of winter wheat seeds under different irradiation regimes. They have identified the maximum increase in amylase activity on the fourth day from the beginning of seed germination in variants with three and five minute UV irradiation and this indicator’s value exceeded that of the control variant on 58.6 % and 64.1%, respectively. Catalase activity was of its maximum value by the fourth day from the beginning of seed germination in variants with three and five minute UV irradiation and exceeded the value of the control variant on 14.7% and 17.7%, respectively. Peroxidase activity was of its maximum on the eighth day from the beginning of seed germination in all experimental variants. In a variant with three minute UV irradiation, peroxidase activity exceeded the control values of this indicator on 50% and in a variant with five minute UV irradiation on 55%. The use of a mercury-quartz lamp BNPO 2-30-001U3.5 to stimulate physio-logical and biochemical processes in germinating seeds made it possible to identify different enzymatic activities depending on the time exposure to UV irradiation.

scholarly journals USING MICRONUTRIENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
V. Gamajunova ◽  
L. Khonenko ◽  
L. Girlja ◽  
O. Kovalenko ◽  
T. Baklanova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Plant Processing ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article highlights the state of provision of soil in Ukraine with trace elements, justifies a gradual decrease in their content and significance for plants, and especially in changing climatic conditions.Studies carried out on the southern chernozem in the conditions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine established the effectiveness of treating seeds before sowing and plants in the main phases of vegetation with microblasts and biologics at the harvest level and the quality of grown products. Thus, pre-treatment of winter wheat seeds depending on the complex of preparations on average in three varieties. provided an increase in grain yield from 5.5 to 20.5%.To a greater extent, yields are increased by the use of micro-fertilizers and biologics to treat both seeds before sowing and sowing plants during vegetation. On the example of studies with sunflower, significant increases in the yield of seeds, its fat content and an increase in the conditional yield (collection) of oil per hectare were determined.Key words: trace elements, biologics, winter wheat, sunflower, seed and plant processing, yield, crop quality, conditional oil yield.

A Survey of Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Rhizosphere of Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Conklin ◽  
P. K. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

The occurrence of asymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of twenty weed species has been investigated. Using the roll tube method root-rhizosphere soil samples were diluted and added to test tubes containing low N media. Tubes were flushed with nitrogen, stoppered, and rolled to form a thin film of media on the inner wall. After 7 days incubation the nitrogen fixation rates were estimated using the acetylene reduction technique. Rates ranged from 38 to 783 nmoles acetylene reduced per hour. Of twenty species tested, three showed high rhizosphere populations of asymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria.

scholarly journals New Preparations for Winter Wheat Seeds Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 630-635
Author(s):  
V. A. GULIDOVA ◽  
R. V. SHCHUCHKA
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Period ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The research results into the different seed dressing agents effect on winter wheat seeds sowing qualities are presented. In the experiment, effective combination preparations with multilateral insectofungicidal activity were studied. The presence of several active substances in the preparation reduces the pesticide burden on the environment. Under field conditions close to production conditions the Sistiva, Kuinto Duo, Imidashans, Chansometox, Shansil Ultra, Shansil Trio, Vaibrans Integral, Celest Max, Celest Top effect at recommended doses were studied. At present, for winter wheat seed dressing it is best to use insectofungicide preparations containing different chemical classes several components. The best indicators for productivity (7.23 t/ha) and grain quality among the studied preparations were obtained by using a four-component insectofungicide for winter wheat seed disinfestation Vaibrans Integral, KS at the rate of 2l/t. Its use provides not only high yield but also particularly high protein content in the grain (16.07%) and gluten (36.8%) of the first quality group. If we take the winter wheat yield as a basis, in this indicator terms the worst performance was that of Celest Top. Nevertheless, all the studied preparations can be used to disinfect winter wheat seeds from seed and soil infections, as well as from harmful insects of the early period of plant development.

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