scholarly journals Kinetic and Mass Transfer for the Extraction of Peanut Oil Using Soxhlet Extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Faraliana binti Md Dan ◽  
◽  
Nazlina binti Zulbadli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Solid Ratio

This project focused on the extraction of peanut oil by using Soxhlet extraction. The main objective of this research is to determine the optimum condition for the Soxhlet extraction process in order to produce the highest extraction yields. Apart from that, this research is also to study about the mass transfer rate and kinetic to obtain the suitable diffusion coefficient and rate constant based on Fick’s law and kinetic studies. The experiments were conducted with few manipulated variables which are particle sizes, solvent to solid ratio and extraction contact time. The optimum condition for the peanut oil extraction was found at 0.6 mm of particle size, 15:1 solid to solvent ratio with an extraction time of 8 hours. Besides, the calculated effective diffusivity is 4.3258 x 10-14 m2/s. The extraction rate constant, k was found increase when the ratio of solvent to solid ratio increase due to higher amount of solvent facilitates the extraction process.

scholarly journals Pemisahan Bahan Aktif dalam Buah Sosis (Kigelia africana) dengan Metode Ekstraksi Padat-Cair (Leaching)

FLUIDA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzan ◽  
Mukhtar Ghozali ◽  
Tri Reksa Saputra ◽  
Heni Khautsar Muchtari ◽  
Maria Rosa Mistika Mopa
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Qualitative Test

ABSTRAK   Industri kosmetik dan farmasi merupakan contoh industri yang saat ini banyak menggunakan bahan alami sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan produknya. Salah satu tanaman herbal adalah buah sosis. Buah sosis mengandung senyawa-senyawa aktif penting bagi manusia, yaitu flavonoid, iridoid, naphthoquinone, dan coumarin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan jenis pelarut, rasio pelarut/bahan baku, waktu operasi, dan persen yield terbaik dalam proses ekstraksi buah sosis dengan metode ekstraksi soxhlet pada variasi jenis pelarut (etanol 96% dan metanol), rasio volume pelarut/berat bahan baku (8:1, 10:1, 12:1), dan waktu operasi (1,2, dan 3 jam). Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, ekstrak terbaik yaitu ekstrak yang menggunakan pelarut metanol, waktu ekstraksi selama 3 jam, dan rasio pelarut/bahan baku yaitu 10:1, dengan perolehan yield sebesar 33,12%. Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa pada ekstrak tersebut mengandung empat senyawa yang diinginkan. Sementara hasil uji kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa pada ekstrak metanol buah sosis tersebut terkandung flavonoid sebanyak 5168 ppm.   Kata kunci: Buah sosis, ektraksi, flavonoid, iridoid, naphthoquinone   ABSTRACT   Cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry are two examples of some industries that currently uses a lot of chemical substances as the raw materials to produce their products. But there has been some research about natural substances to replace chemical substances as the raw materials. One of the natural substances is sausage fruit. Sausage fruit contains important bio active compounds for human life such as flavonoids, iridoids, naphthoquinones, and coumarins. In this research, the extraction of bioactive compounds from sausage fruit with soxhlet extraction process has been studied. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the best type of solvent, solvent to solid ratio, and operating time with varying: type of solvent (methanol and ethanol), volume solvent to weight solid ratio (8:1, 10:1, 12:1), and operating time (1-3 hours). The experiment found that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: methanol as the solvent, extraction time 3 hours, and the solvent-solid ratio of 10:1 with a yield of 33,12%. The result of a qualitative test of the extract shows that the extract contains flavonoids, iridoids, naphthoquinones, and coumarins. Meanwhile, the result of a quantitative test shows that the extract contains flavonoids as much as 5168 ppm.   Keywords: Sausage fruit, extraction, flavonoid, iridoid, naphthoquinone

scholarly journals Comparison of microwave and conventional extraction methods for natural dyes in wood waste of mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-623
Author(s):  
Selfina Gala ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
Time Required

Natural dyes from mahogany are usually obtained by conventional extraction. This extraction process requires a large solvent, a long duration of the process so that the energy requirements are also higher. Therefore, the use of "green techniques" to extract natural dyes with a minimum of energy and solvent should be considered. One extraction method that has been developed is the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. In this work, the effects of microwave power, material to solvent ratio, and the heating time on the extraction results and the pigment components of the extract were examined. A comparison of the time required for reflux extraction and Soxhlet was also made. In microwave extraction, the highest yield was obtained at optimum extraction conditions such as microwave power of 600 W, the ratio of material to solvent of 0.02 g/mL, extraction time of 30 min. While for reflux and Soxhlet extraction, the extraction time needed to obtain optimum yield was 120 min and 720 min, respectively. Identification of compound components by the phytochemical test. Descriptions of the effects of microwave and conventional extraction are shown by damage to the surface structure of solid materials using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

A ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION (UAE) OF PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY(RSM) IN Curcuma xanthorrhiza

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Najiba Azemi ◽  
Norazah Basar ◽  
Susilawati Toemen
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

The Curcuma genus belongs to the Zingiberaceae family is commonly known for its usage as spice and medicine.it is widely used in pharmaceutical, food supplement, cosmetic industries lead to economic benefits. Recently, noticing to an eco-friendly extraction approach which provides the extraction efficiency is considered that in the extraction process, exploring the optimum condition of extraction parameters. This study is performed to improve the bioactive compounds extraction from C. xanthorrhiza by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three independent variables: extraction time (5-20 min), temperature (30-50 ° C) and liquid-solid ratio (6-10 mL / g) are applied using Box-Behnken (BBD) design. Quantification of curcumin and xanthorrhizol are carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) equiped by a photodiode array detector. Extraction time 20 minutes, temperature of 50°C, and LS ratio 8 mL/g are found as the optimum condition of extraction yield and quantification of xanthorrhizol. Curcumin 's optimum state, however, is observed at extraction time 12.50 minutes, temperature 30 ° C, and liquid-solid ratio of 10 mL / g. This study suggests that there are favorable potential using method of ultrasound-assisted extraction under specific parameters in the extraction process which is advantageous for advanced research.  

Optimasi Proses Ekstraksi Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L) Metode MAE (Microwave Assisted Extraction) Dengan Respon Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Total Fenol

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Putri Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Optimum Point ◽  
A Value ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Soursop leaf (Annona muriciata L) contain active ingredients that is annonain, saponin, flavonoid, and tannin. Some research even found that in soursop leaf contain bio active substance called acetogenin that act as anti cancer. Commonly extraction process used to extracting substance in the leaf is known as conventional extracting process which has flaws. Hence its need further research in term of extracting in which more optimal that is the usage of microwave (Microwave Assisted Extraction / MAE) MAE extraction is extracting process that using microwave radiation to heat the solvent quick and efficient so the extraction can be done in time to extract selectively from various raw ingredients.Response Surface Methodolgy (RSM) is a an appropriate method to analyze the effects of a single variable and for seeking the optimum condition for multivariable systems efficiently. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal condition from soursop leaf extraction using MAE extraction with 2 variables that is extraction time and solvent ratio so can be concluded that rough soursop leaf extract with the optimal phenol and characteristics anti oxidant activities. This research using CCD method from RSM (Response Surface Methodology) with 2 unbound variables that time extraction (X1) and solvent ratio (X2). Earned result from this research is quadratic with the equation is a value for antioxidant activity  Y = -2,24087 + 2,17790X1 + 5,25566X2 + 0,12000X1X2 - 0,25875X12 – 0,12373X22. While the total value for phenol is Y = -175,82270 – 8,07421X1 + 42,0810X2 – 2,62317X1X2 – 3,00785X12 -1,39204 X22. The optimum point from each variable is the extracting time 9' and 84" with solvent ratio of 25,19 of ingredient that is simplicia powder of soursop leaf approximately 25gr. From the optimum point we can drawn that optimum condition of anti oxidant activity respond is as much as 75,75% and phenol total value of 276,9 ppm. From the analysis result we can conclude that extracting time and solvent ratio can signnificanly effect the result we get.

Determination of the mass transfer rate constant in a laboratory column flotation using the bubble active surface coefficient

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 106521
Author(s):  
Amir Eskanlou ◽  
Qingqing Huang ◽  
Mohsen Hemmati Chegeni ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khalesi ◽  
Mahmoud Abdollahy
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Column Flotation ◽  
Transfer Rate Constant ◽  
Laboratory Column

scholarly journals Determination of Scopolamine by Gas Chromatography from Different Parts of the Datura innoxia Biomass

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Georgiana Mardare (Balusescu) ◽  
Teodor Malutan ◽  
Liliana Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Datura Innoxia ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Order Root

Tropane alkaloids are characteristic secondary metabolites which occurred mainly in Solanaceae plant family. Among them, hyoscine or scopolamine is one of the predominant in the Datura species, occurring in all plant organs (vegetative and reproductive). Because of its medical use and toxic properties, a rapid, convenient and reliable method is essential for the quantification of scopolamine content of plant biomass. The aim of this study was to elaborate a rapid method for determination of scopolamine from Datura innoxia, using Soxhlet extraction and quantification by gas-cromatography with flame ionization detection. Scopolamine content was investigated in plant organs (leaves, flowers, fruits, stem end root) of Datura innoxia collected in the maturity period from a country side region from Romania. Scopolamine was found in all organs examined. The results revealed that, concentration of scopolamine extracted in ethanol followed the order: root ] seeds ] flowers ] stem ] leaves. Higher extraction efficiency of scopolamine was found for 1-butanol compared to ethanol, and the order of concentration was: flowers ] seeds ] leaves ] stem ] root. Scopolamine content showed differences indicating that it is influenced by: 1) plant biomass as place of growing, plant species, plant organ and 2) extraction process efficiency based on polarity of the solvent, extraction time and sample - solvent ratio. The results show clear evidence that, the highest scopolamine content was found in 1-butanolic extracts and lowest in ethanolic extracts.

Optimization of Preparation of Jujube Juice by Response Surface Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 981-984
Author(s):  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Ben Guo Liu ◽  
Yong Sheng Chen ◽  
Yu Zhen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Enzyme Dosage

The extraction process of jujube juice was optimized based on soluble solid and total acid contents in this study. A central composite design of response surface methodology involving liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, enzyme dosage and extraction temperature was used, and second-order model for the yield was employed to generate the response surface. The optimum condition for the process was determined as follows: liquid-solid ratio 8, extraction time 2.5h, enzyme dosage 0.25%, extraction temperature 50 °C. The soluble solid and total acid contents at the optimum condition were 10.48% and 0.78 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Mixed Adsorbent Systems in Gas–Solid Adsorption

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Webley ◽  
Richard S. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Mass Fractions

Mixtures of solid adsorbents often occur in the process industries through either accident or design. To model such systems, a common approach is to define a pseudo-adsorbent with equilibrium properties equal to the mass fraction weighted average of the components in the mixture. The selection of an appropriate mass-transfer rate constant for the mixture is, however, more complicated. In this study, we have derived simple relationships between the linear driving force rate constants for a pseudo-mixture in terms of the rate constants, equilibrium parameters and mass fractions of the components of the mixture. The reciprocal rate constant for a mixture of adsorbents was shown to be related to the mass fraction weighted average reciprocal rates of the components of the mixture for the case of equal equilibrium isotherms. Expressions of greater complexity resulted for non-linear and non-equal isotherms. Experimental testing was undertaken of the breakthrough behaviour in adsorbent mixtures using the air system with mixtures of CaX and NaX in an adiabatic packed column. The mass-transfer behaviour of the solid mixtures was in good agreement with that predicted by the simple models.

Extraction and Quantification of Eugenol from Clove Buds Using HPLC

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Khadiza Fitri Shafira ◽  
Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Zubair Khalid Labu ◽  
Abul Bashar Mohammed Helal Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Past Study ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clove Essential Oil

Background: Eugenol is the main constituent of clove essential oil. Past studies have found that clove oil has diverse uses in the pharmaceutical field due to its antioxidant, antibacterial and anesthetic properties. Objective: This work compares the performance of different extraction methods and factors and identifies the effect of the treatments on oil yields and eugenol content. Materials and Methods: Maceration, Hydro distillation, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and Soxhlet were performed. The best technique was identified according to yield and content. Further studies were conducted to examine the effects of different factors, such as solvent types (ethanol and methanol) and sample-to-solvent ratio (1:10 and 1:15). HPLC UV-Vis was utilized in the analysis of eugenol concentration. Results and Discussion: Soxhlet extraction provided the highest yield (39.98%) and eugenol content (15.83%), compared to other methods. The results observed from several Soxhlet extraction factors showed that there is no significant difference between the different factors. In the meantime, methanol 1:15 provided the greatest amount of yields (57.83%) and eugenol content (22.21%). In this regard, the higher ratio resulted in higher eugenol content. Conclusion: The results obtained are less comparable because the processing time, the working solvent, and the separation technique were carried out differently for each method. In the meantime, as there is no past study that compared the selected methods and factors, this study’s findings will contribute substantially to fill the gap in this field.

Free Convective Mass Transfer at Isosceles Triangular Surfaces of Varying Inclination

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2080-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Keppert ◽  
Josef Krýsa ◽  
Anthony A. Wragg
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Mass Transfer Process ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Convective Mass Transfer ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Inclined Surface ◽  
Vertical Case ◽  
Limiting Diffusion Current

The limiting diffusion current technique was used for investigation of free convective mass transfer at down-pointing up-facing isosceles triangular surfaces of varying length and inclination. As the mass transfer process, copper deposition from acidified copper(II) sulfate solution was used. It was found that the mass transfer rate increases with inclination from the vertical to the horizontal position and decreases with length of inclined surface. Correlation equations for 7 angles from 0 to 90° were found. The exponent in the ShL-RaL correlation ranged from 0.247 for the vertical case, indicating laminar flow, to 0.32 for inclinations of 60 to 90°, indicating mixed or turbulent flow. The general correlation ShL = 0.358(RaL sin θ)0.30 for the RaL sin θ range from 7 × 106 to 2 × 1011 and inclination range from 15 to 90° was obtained.

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