scholarly journals Pemisahan Bahan Aktif dalam Buah Sosis (Kigelia africana) dengan Metode Ekstraksi Padat-Cair (Leaching)

FLUIDA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzan ◽  
Mukhtar Ghozali ◽  
Tri Reksa Saputra ◽  
Heni Khautsar Muchtari ◽  
Maria Rosa Mistika Mopa
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Qualitative Test

ABSTRAK   Industri kosmetik dan farmasi merupakan contoh industri yang saat ini banyak menggunakan bahan alami sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan produknya. Salah satu tanaman herbal adalah buah sosis. Buah sosis mengandung senyawa-senyawa aktif penting bagi manusia, yaitu flavonoid, iridoid, naphthoquinone, dan coumarin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan jenis pelarut, rasio pelarut/bahan baku, waktu operasi, dan persen yield terbaik dalam proses ekstraksi buah sosis dengan metode ekstraksi soxhlet pada variasi jenis pelarut (etanol 96% dan metanol), rasio volume pelarut/berat bahan baku (8:1, 10:1, 12:1), dan waktu operasi (1,2, dan 3 jam). Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, ekstrak terbaik yaitu ekstrak yang menggunakan pelarut metanol, waktu ekstraksi selama 3 jam, dan rasio pelarut/bahan baku yaitu 10:1, dengan perolehan yield sebesar 33,12%. Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa pada ekstrak tersebut mengandung empat senyawa yang diinginkan. Sementara hasil uji kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa pada ekstrak metanol buah sosis tersebut terkandung flavonoid sebanyak 5168 ppm.   Kata kunci: Buah sosis, ektraksi, flavonoid, iridoid, naphthoquinone   ABSTRACT   Cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry are two examples of some industries that currently uses a lot of chemical substances as the raw materials to produce their products. But there has been some research about natural substances to replace chemical substances as the raw materials. One of the natural substances is sausage fruit. Sausage fruit contains important bio active compounds for human life such as flavonoids, iridoids, naphthoquinones, and coumarins. In this research, the extraction of bioactive compounds from sausage fruit with soxhlet extraction process has been studied. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the best type of solvent, solvent to solid ratio, and operating time with varying: type of solvent (methanol and ethanol), volume solvent to weight solid ratio (8:1, 10:1, 12:1), and operating time (1-3 hours). The experiment found that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: methanol as the solvent, extraction time 3 hours, and the solvent-solid ratio of 10:1 with a yield of 33,12%. The result of a qualitative test of the extract shows that the extract contains flavonoids, iridoids, naphthoquinones, and coumarins. Meanwhile, the result of a quantitative test shows that the extract contains flavonoids as much as 5168 ppm.   Keywords: Sausage fruit, extraction, flavonoid, iridoid, naphthoquinone

Recovery Value Metals from Mixed Spent Li-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Lin Yan Li ◽  
Fan Yun Zeng ◽  
Xue Jun Wang ◽  
Sheng Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Leaching Condition ◽  
Addition Amount

With the rapid development and wide application of Li-ion batteries, cathode materials containing value metals Co, Ni and Mn are blended by several kind of metal oxide presently for pursuing high safe stability and low cost. The composition of spent Li-ion batteries has become complicated and optimum leaching condition varied. In this paper, leaching process for the mixture of pure LiCoO2and Li (Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2was studied. With an increase in component of LiCoO2in mixed materials, the optimum leaching condition varied as: temperature from 60°C to 90°C, H2O2addition amount from 0.54 to 0.75ml/g and liquid-solid ratio from 10 to 20. According to this result, a real mixed spent batteries materials was recovered by being leached in 2M H2SO4at temperature of 90°C, liquid-solid ratio 20 and 0.6ml/g H2O2added. The leaching efficiencies of Co, Ni, Mn, Li were 96.88%, 93.71%, 92.12%, 99.43% respectively. Cu, Al and Fe in solution were removed by precipitation and solvent extraction. Finally, Ni, Co, Mn were extracted by D2EHPA for separating with Na+and other impurities, which is used as a raw materials for preparation of cathode active materials in batteries.

scholarly journals Kinetic and Mass Transfer for the Extraction of Peanut Oil Using Soxhlet Extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Faraliana binti Md Dan ◽  
◽  
Nazlina binti Zulbadli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Solid Ratio

This project focused on the extraction of peanut oil by using Soxhlet extraction. The main objective of this research is to determine the optimum condition for the Soxhlet extraction process in order to produce the highest extraction yields. Apart from that, this research is also to study about the mass transfer rate and kinetic to obtain the suitable diffusion coefficient and rate constant based on Fick’s law and kinetic studies. The experiments were conducted with few manipulated variables which are particle sizes, solvent to solid ratio and extraction contact time. The optimum condition for the peanut oil extraction was found at 0.6 mm of particle size, 15:1 solid to solvent ratio with an extraction time of 8 hours. Besides, the calculated effective diffusivity is 4.3258 x 10-14 m2/s. The extraction rate constant, k was found increase when the ratio of solvent to solid ratio increase due to higher amount of solvent facilitates the extraction process.

Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Condition on Oil Yield and Solubility of Pithecellobium Jiringan (Jack) Prain Seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Azizi Che Yunus ◽  
Nur Husnina Arsad ◽  
Salman Zhari ◽  
Zuhaili Idham ◽  
Siti Hamidah Setapar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Pithecellobium Jiringan (Jack) Prain (P.Jiringan) merupakan salah satu daripada sumber tumbuhtumbuhan yang mengandungi komponen antioksidan. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengkaji kesan-kesan parameter kaedah penyarian bendalir lampau genting dengan menggunkan karbon dioksida sebagai pelarut (SC-CO2) ke atas hasil minyak dan untuk mengukur kebolehlarutan minyak P.Jiringan didalam (SC-CO2) dan mengkorelasi data kebolehlarutan minyak P.Jiringan dengan model Chrastil dan del Valle & Aguilera. Kajian ini telah dijalankan pada suhu antara 40oC sehingga 70oC dan pada tekanan antara 27.58 MPa sehingga 44.82 MPa. Tempoh pengekstrakan adalah 60 minit. Penemuan hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa hasil minyak meningkat dengan peningkatan tekanan dan peningkatan suhu. Pada keadaan suhu malar, kebolehlarutan minyak meningkat dengan peningkatan kepadatan CO2. Analisis keputusan menunjukkan bahawa data keterlarutan minyak P.Jiringan telah berjaya dipadankan dengan model Chrastil. Di samping itu, SC-CO2 memberikan hasil minyak tertinggi berbanding dengan ASE dan proses pengekstrakan Soxhlet. Kata kunci: Kebolehlarutan; Model Chrastil; penyarian bendalir lampau genting; Pithecellobium Jiringan (Jack) Prain Pithecellobium Jiringan (Jack) Prain (P.Jiringan) is one of the medicinal plant sources that consist of antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction parameters on oil yields and to measure the solubility of P.Jiringan oil in SC-CO2 and correlated the data with Chrastil and del Valle & Aguilera models. The experimental were conducted at temperatures ranging from 40oC to 70oC and pressure from 27.58 MPa to 44.82 MPa. The extraction duration was 60 minutes. The result shows that the oil yields increase as the pressure and temperature increase. The solubility of oil increased as the density of CO2 increased at constant temperature. An analysis of the results show that the solubility experimental data correlated with the Chrastil’s model was successfully matched. In addition, SC-CO2 give the highest oil yields compared to accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and soxhlet extraction process. Keywords: Chrastil’s model; Pithecellobium Jiringan (Jack) Prain; solubility; supercritical fluid extraction

Process Optimization of Hemicelluloses Lye Extraction from Sugarcane Bagasse

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 1206-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jun Wang ◽  
Xin Liang Liu ◽  
Meng Ling Weng ◽  
Zhou Jun Li ◽  
Fu Sheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sugarcane bagasses were used as raw materials to produce the hemicelluloses, and the effects of temperature, alkali consumption, time and liquid to solid ratio on the extraction yield of hemicelluloses were investigated. Through the analysis of the response surface method, results were concluded that the best extraction process conditions were as follows: NaOH concentration 10.60%, extraction time 4.34 h, solid-liquid ratio 1:40.59, actual extraction rate is 31.486%, corresponding to the model prediction 31.4447% basically.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Impurity Aluminum on the Solvent Extraction of Rare Earth Elements (Nd, Pr, La) by P204-P350 in Chloride Solution

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zhang ◽  
Xian Xie ◽  
Xiong Tong ◽  
Yunpeng Du ◽  
Qiang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Impurity Ion

Solvent extraction is the most widely used method for separation and purification of rare earth elements, and organic extractants such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) and di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate (P350) are most commonly used for industrial applications. However, the presence of impurity ions in the feed liquid during extraction can easily emulsify the extractant and affect the quality of rare earth products. Aluminum ion is the most common impurity ion in the feed liquid, and it is an important cause of emulsification of the extractant. In this study, the influence of aluminum ion was investigated on the extraction of light rare earth elements by the P204-P350 system in hydrochloric acid medium. The results show that Al3+ competes with light rare earths in the extraction process, reducing the overall extraction rate. In addition, the Al3+ stripping rate is low and there is continuous accumulation of Al3+ in the organic phase during the stripping process, affecting the extraction efficiency and even causing emulsification. The slope method and infrared detection were utilized to explore the formation of an extraction compound of Al3+ and the extractant P204-P350 that entered the organic phase as AlCl[(HA)2]2P350(o).

scholarly journals Separation of Sn, Sb, Bi, and Cu from Tin Anode Slime by Solvent Extraction and Chemical Precipitation

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Wei-Sheng Chen ◽  
Shota Mesaki ◽  
Cheng-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Anode Slime ◽  
Electrolytic Refining ◽  
Precipitation Procedure ◽  
Tin Anode

Tin anode slime is a by-product of the tin electrolytic refining process. This study investigated a route to separate Sn, Sb, Bi, and Cu from tin anode slime after leaching with hydrochloric acid. In the solvent extraction process with tributyl phosphate, Sb and Sn were extracted into the organic phase. Bi and Cu were unextracted and remained in the liquid phase. In the stripping experiment, Sb and Sn were stripped and separated with HCl and HNO3. Bi and Cu in the aqueous phase were also separated with chemical precipitation procedure by controlling pH value. The purities of Sn, Sb, Cu solution and the Bi-containing solid were 96.25%, 83.65%, 97.51%, and 92.1%. The recovery rates of Sn, Sb, Cu, and Bi were 76.2%, 67.1%, and 96.2% and 92.4%.

Facile fractionation of bamboo hydrolysate and characterization of isolated lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Wang ◽  
Yongchao Zhang ◽  
Luyao Wang ◽  
Xiaoju Wang ◽  
Qingxi Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Glycoside Linkage ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hemicellulosic Sugars

AbstractAn efficient separation technology for hydrolysates towards a full valorization of bamboo is still a tough challenge, especially regarding the lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The present study aimed to develop a facile approach using organic solvent extraction for efficiently fractionating the main components of bamboo hydrolysates. The high-purity lignin with only a trace of carbohydrates was first obtained by precipitation of the bamboo hydrolysate. The water-soluble lignin (WSL) fraction was extracted in organic solvent through a three-stage organic solvent extraction process, and the hemicellulosic sugars with increased purity were also collected. Furthermore, a thorough characterization including various NMR techniques (31P, 13C, and 2D-HSQC), GPC, and GC-MS was conducted to the obtained lignin-rich-fractions. It was found that the WSL fraction contained abundant functional groups and tremendous amount of LCC structures. As compared to native LCC of bamboo, the WSL fraction exhibited more typical LCC linkages, i.e. phenyl glycoside linkage, which is the main type of chemical linkage between lignin and carbohydrate in both LCC samples. The results demonstrate that organic phase extraction is a highly efficient protocol for the fractionation of hydrolysate and the isolation of LCC-rich streams possessing great potential applications.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasonic Cellulase-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Natural Polyphenols from Passion Fruit

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2494
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yu-Ting Gao ◽  
Ji-Wen Wei ◽  
Yin-Feng Chen ◽  
Qing-Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

In this paper, ultrasonic cellulase extraction (UCE) was applied to extract polyphenols from passion fruit. The extraction conditions for total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The results showed that the liquid-to-solid ratio (X2) was the most significant single factor and had a positive effect on all responses. The ANOVA analysis indicated quadratic models fitted well as TPC with R2 = 0.903, DPPH scavenging activity with R2 = 0.979, and ABTS scavenging activity with R2 = 0.981. The optimal extraction parameters of passion fruit were as follows: pH value of 5 at 30 °C for extraction temperature, 50:1 (w/v) liquid-to-solid ratio with extraction time for 47 min, the experimental values were found matched with those predicted. Infrared spectroscopy suggested that the extract contained the structure of polyphenols. Furthermore, three main polyphenols were identified and quantified by HPLC. The results showed the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the optimized UCE were 1.5~2 times higher than that determined by the single extraction method and the Soxhlet extraction method, which indicates UCE is a competitive and effective extraction technique for natural passion fruit polyphenols.

scholarly journals Alkali-Activated Zeolite 4A Granules—Characterization and Suitability Assessment for the Application of Adsorption

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Pauls P. Argalis ◽  
Laura Vitola ◽  
Diana Bajare ◽  
Kristine Vegere
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Zeolite 4A ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Alkali Activated

A major problem in the field of adsorbents is that binders (kaolin clay, bentonite) introduced to bind zeolites and ensure the needed mechanical strength, are not able to sorb gases like CO2 and N2, and decrease the overall adsorption capacity. To solve this problem, one of the pathways is to introduce a binder able to sorb such gases. Thus, in this study, the physical and mechanical properties of a novel binder based on metakaolin and its composite with zeolite 4A in the granular form were studied. Metakaolin was used as a precursor for alkali-activated binder, which was synthesized using an 8M NaOH activation solution. Raw materials were characterized using granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA); and final products were characterized using density measurements, a compressive strength test, XRD, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alkali-activated metakaolin was found to be efficient as a binding material when data for morphological properties were analyzed. A relationship was observed—by increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), compressive strength decreased. Zeolite granule attrition was higher than expected: 2.42% and 4.55% for ZG-0.8, 3.64% and 5.76% for ZG-1.0, and 2.73% and 4.85% for ZG-1.2, measured at 4 and 5 atmospheres, respectively.

Modelling tyramine extraction from wastewater using a non-dispersive solvent extraction process

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (31) ◽  
pp. 39068-39076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ghadiri ◽  
Alireza Hemmati ◽  
Ali Taghvaie Nakhjiri ◽  
Saeed Shirazian
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process
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