scholarly journals Transient Response of Glycerin Heating Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2419-2423
Keyword(s):  
Transient Response ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Tuning Parameters ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Process System ◽  
Tuning Methods

Controlling the temperature of the glycerin purification process system was not an easy task, as an increase in operating temperature would significantly reduce the quality of the purified glycerin. This is because an unlimited increase in temperature beyond the set point and an excessive prolongation of the heating process would result in the formation of an excessive secondary oxidation product in the final purified glycerin. This paper discusses the transient response characteristics of the glycerin heating process using a parallel PID controller. The glycerin heating process behavior was determined experimentally using step input test and modelled as the First Order plus Delay Time. The controller parameters wereadjusted using Ziegler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon and Wang tuning methods, each of which was analyzed on the basis of the corresponding integral error criterion value. The Integral Square Error, Integral Absolute Error and Integral Time-weighted Absolute Error criteria value were used to evaluate the efficiency of the glycerin heating process. The transient response performances in terms of overshoot, rise time and settling time were also evaluated. Simulation work has shown that the process has experienced high overshoots for Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Coon, and has taken longer time to settle. Wang method exhibits with no overshoot but slow response. The lower gain PID controller was found to improve the process response in terms of overshoot but increase in the rise time and settling time. The results indicate that the desired process performance were more or less influenced by the interaction between the tuning parameters. The Ziegler-Nichols PID controller is not recommended for controlling glycerin heating process due to process response oscillations that are difficult to eliminate without prolonging the heating cycle

scholarly journals pH control in sodium chlorate cell for energy efficiency using PSO-FOPID controller

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Sreepriya Sreekumar ◽  
Aparna Kallingal ◽  
Vinila Mundakkal Lakshmanan
Keyword(s):  
Rise Time ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Sodium Chlorate ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Fractional Order Pid ◽  
Error Indicators ◽  
Fractional Order Pid Controller ◽  
Chlorate Production

Industrial sodium chlorate production is a highly energy-intensive electro-chemical process. If the pH of the chlorate cell is not controlled, the current efficiency drops from 99% to as low as 66.66%. Hence control of chlorate cell pH is very significant for energy-efficient sodium chlorate production. This study puts forward a fractional order PID controller for controlling the pH of the sodium chlorate cell. The tuning of FOPID controller variables is affected by employing particle swarm optimization. The highlight of the controller is that it is flexible, easy to deploy and the time of computation is significantly low as few parameters are needed to be adjusted in PSO. The performance analysis of the suggested FOPID-PSO controller was studied and compared with the traditional PI controller and PID controller using time-domain provisions like settling time, rise time and peak overshoot and error indicators like integral square error (ISE), integral absolute error (IAE), and integral time absolute error (ITAE). FOPID controller employing PSO proved to perform well compared to conventional controllers with 0.5 sec settling time and 0.1 sec rise time. This demonstrates that the FOPID-PSO controller has better setpoint tracking, which is very essential for the process under consideration.

Penerapan Advanced Pid Tuning Pada Plant Yang Critically Stable: Height Levitation Pingpong Ball

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
M Iqbal Nugraha ◽  
Aan Febriansyah ◽  
A F Khoiri ◽  
D Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Pid Tuning ◽  
Tuning Methods ◽  
State Error

PID controller is the most popular feedback controller in industry. It has been known that PID controller is capable to provide a good control performance despite having a simple algorithm and easy to understand. However, the most common problem of using this control system is that it is difficult to stipulate the most appropriate constants to each controller or tuning. This project implemented advanced PID tuning which involves several tuning methods to acquire best performance on system or plant which is volatile or critically stable such as controlling height levitation pingpong ball. The tuning methods used and compared were Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) and Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR). Tuning process and monitoring were performed in real time using Simulink-Arduino. Based on experimental result, CHR method gave better performance compared to ZN method. ZN resulted in overshoot, rise time, settling time, and steady state error of 48%, 0.85s, 3.8s, and ±2cm respectively, while CHR method resulted in overshoot, rise time, settling time, and steady state error of 14%, 1.15s, 1.4s, and ±1cm respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison and Speed Control of DC Motor and DC Servomotor Using IMC Based PID Controller

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Amarapini Divya and Dr.Prasadarao Bobbili
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Dc Servomotor

IMC based PID controllers are being used to speed control of DC motor and DC servomotor in industry. As this controller offer good performance comparitive to conventional controllers like PI, PID and Ziegler Nichols frequency method controllers. This paper presents the speed control of the DC motor and DC servomotor using PI, PID, Ziegler Nichols method and IMC-PID controllers, to realize the optimization of control action. A mathematical calculation of DC motor and DC servomotor has developed and simulations are carried out in MATLAB/ Simulink environment. From the results, it is observed that time domain parameters like rise time 0.6 secs, settling time 2 secs, speed for peak over shoot 1450, peak amplitude 1, with no oscillations using IMC-PID controller on DC motor. And for DC servomotor its rise time is 0.3 seconds, settling time is 1 second, speed for peak overshoot 1450 rpm, peak amplitude 1 with absence of oscillations by using IMC-PID controller

scholarly journals Analisis Penalaan Kontrol PID pada Simulasi Kendali Kecepatan Putaran Motor DC Berbeban menggunakan Metode Heuristik

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALUYO WALUYO ◽  
ADITYA FITRIANSYAH ◽  
SYAHRIAL SYAHRIAL
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Dc Motors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peak Value

ABSTRAKMotor DC banyak digunakan di industri kecil dan besar.Kecepatan motor DC sering tidak stabil akibat gangguan dari luar maupun perubahan parameter dan torsi beban sehingga perlu dilakukan rancangan kontroler.Kontroler yang dirancang menggunakan PID yang terdiri dari tiga jenis cara pengaturan yang dikombinasikan, yaitu kontrol P (Proportional), kontrol I (Integral) dan kontrol D (Derivatif).Kontroler yang dirancang disimulasikan menggunakan perangkat lunak. Hasil simulasi menunjukan kontroler PID untuk kendali kecepatan motor DC ini menghasilkan kondisi robust (kokoh) saat nilai Kp = 1,1, Ti = 0,1, Td = 3,7. Hasil dari parameter kendali yang dirancang memiliki error steady state 0,99 % dan dengan settling time 3,7 detik pada rise time 2,00 detik dan nilai peak terletak pada 0,99. Kecepatan awal yang dihasilkan mendekati set point yang diinginkan pada detik ke 6 dan kecepatannya tidak ada penurunan atau tetap konstan sampai dengan detik ke 100.Kata kunci: Motor DC, PID, Heuristik, Steady State, Rise Time ABSTRACT DC motors are widely used in small and large industries. Their speeds are often unstable due to interference from outside or change the parameters and load torque, so that it was necessary to design a controller. The controller was designed using a PIDconsists of three types of arrangements, which are mutually combined way, namely the control P (Proportional), control I (Integral) and control D (Derivative). The controllers were designed using software for simulation. The simulation results showed the PID controller for DC motor speed control produced robust conditionswhen the value of Kp, Ti and Tdwere 1.1,  0.1 and 3.7 respectively. The results of the control parameters had error steady state 0.99 % and the settling time of 3.7 seconds at 2.0 sec rise time and the peak value was 0,99. The resulted initial velocity was very fast to approach the desired set point in the sixth second and its speed was remain constant until 100thsecond.Keywords: Motor DC, PID, Heuristic, Steady State, Rise Time

scholarly journals Objective functions modification of GA optimized PID controller for brushed DC motor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2426
Author(s):  
A.A.M. Zahir ◽  
Syed Sahal Nazli Alhady ◽  
A.A.A Wahab ◽  
M.F. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Performance Parameter ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
State Error

PID Optimization by Genetic Algorithm or any intelligent optimization method is widely being used recently. The main issue is to select a suitable objective function based on error criteria. Original error criteria that is widely being used such as ITAE, ISE, ITSE and IAE is insufficient in enhancing some of the performance parameter. Parameter such as settling time, rise time, percentage of overshoot, and steady state error is included in the objective function. Weightage is added into these parameters based on users’ performance requirement. Based on the results, modified error criteria show improvement in all performance parameter after being modified. All of the error criteria produce 0% overshoot, 29.51%-39.44% shorter rise time, 21.11%-42.98% better settling time, 10% to 53.76% reduction in steady state error. The performance of modified objective function in minimizing the error signal is reduced. It can be concluded that modification of objective function by adding performance parameter into consideration could improve the performance of rise time, settling time, overshoot percentage, and steady state error

scholarly journals Anti-windup PI controller, SIPIC For Motor Position Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Kah Kit Wong ◽  
Choon Lih Hoo ◽  
Mohd Hardie Hidayat Mohyi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
New Type ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Control Application

Control system plays a major role in the industry nowadays as it simplifies workload and reduce manpower. Among all the controlled applicable field, control system is heavily used in motor speed and motor position controls. Although there are various types of controllers available in the market, PID controller remains as one of the most used controller due to its simplicity. Unfortunately, PID controller experiences windup phenomenon which affects the controller’s performance. This paper proposes a new type of anti-windup PI controller, SIPIC for motor position control application and aims to validate the performance of this controller as compared to conventional PI controller. To test the ability of the controllers, both controllers were experimented using hardware testing. The settings conditions of with and without loadings were used under two different inputs of 0° to 90° and 270° to 90°. The results obtained show that under without loadings, both controller showed favourable performances. Though, SIPIC controller slightly outperforms PI controller by having lower overshoot and shorter settling time for a wider range of gains. The rise time of both controllers are similar as it is the lowest possible rise time due to hardware limitations. Experiment results with loading condition, for both inputs and when Kp is 1 and Ki is 15, PI controller shows unstable performance by having large amount of oscillations and overshoots. The settling time was unable to be determined as the controller did not settle within the given step time. On the other hand, at the same gain, SIPIC controller still shows acceptable performance. This shows that SIPIC controller is more favourable by having better stable performance for a wider range of gains while PI controller needs to be finely tuned to a specific gain to obtain desired results..

scholarly journals Optimal Coronavirus Optimization Algorithm Based PID Controller for High Performance Brushless DC Motor

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Shamseldin
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Bldc Motor ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
The Third

This paper presents an efficient coronavirus optimization algorithm (CVOA) to find the optimal values of the PID controller to track a preselected reference speed of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor under several types of disturbances. This work simulates how the coronavirus (COVID-19) spreads and infects healthy people. The initial values of PID controller parameters consider the zero patient, who infects new patients (other values of PID controller parameters). The model aims to simulate as accurately as possible the coronavirus activity. The CVOA has two major advantages compared to other similar strategies. First, the CVOA parameters are already adjusted according to disease statistics to prevent designers from initializing them with arbitrary values. Second, the approach has the ability to finish after several iterations where the infected population initially grows at an exponential rate. The proposed CVOA was investigated with well-known optimization techniques such as the genetic algorithm (GA) and Harmony Search (HS) optimization. A multi-objective function was used to allow the designer to select the desired rise time, the desired settling time, the desired overshoot, and the desired steady-state error. Several tests were performed to investigate the obtained proper values of PID controller parameters. In the first test, the BLDC motor was exposed to sudden load at a steady speed. In the second test, the continuous sinusoidal load was applied to the rotor of the BLDC motor. In the third test, different operating points of reference speed were selected to the rotor of the BLDC motor. The results proved that the CVOA-based PID controller has the best performance among the techniques. In the first test, the CVOA-based PID controller has a minimum rise time (0.0042 s), minimum settling time (0.0079 s), and acceptable overshoot (0.0511%). In the second test, the CVOA-based PID controller has the minimum deviation about the reference speed (±4 RPM). In the third test, the CVOA-based PID controller can accurately track the reference speed among other techniques.

scholarly journals Glycerin Purification Process Plant System Design and Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4613-4617
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Temperature Control System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process System

Pure glycerin is normally adopted for the production of cosmetics, personal care and food industryin order to produce quality end-products. Most crude glycerin, however, contains a sticky substance and coloring materials that may affect the flavor and color of the end-product. This paper presents the design and development of the glycerin purification process plant system to purify the crude glycerin through heating process. The process system is designed and developed based on the information gathered from literature. The system architecture of the process plant is developed using industrial instrumentations and hardware system found in the laboratory. The choice of transducer and final control element used is based on the needs of the developed system. Glycerin purification is a process of removing the peroxides and the secondary products found in the crude in which the process is significantly depends on the operating temperature. In this work, the temperature control system for glycerin heating process is designed and the process controllability in terms of settling time and percent overshoot is experimented using PID controller. The results of the experiments show that the developed glycerin purification process plant system is workable and able to provide good temperature control system performance for glycerin heating process. PID controller with correct controller parameters adjustment can improve the glycerin heating process system performance. The main contribution of this paper is the development of the glycerin purification process plant system in which the system implemented is different from any of the related publications in the aspects of instrumentation and hardware system used.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Moment Gyroscope Pada Keseimbangan Pendulum Cartessian

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Nugraha ◽  
J Hartati ◽  
W Afridani ◽  
Masdani Masdani
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Rise Time ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Made In ◽  
State Error

Crane is identical to the pendulum in term of its control mechanism. Based on modelling, these two devices are very similar and therefore, the pendulum can be used as a prototype for controlling a crane. This research aims to control the balance or to reduce the swing on the pendulum by utilizing the moment of gyroscope with a mass pendulum up to 1.5 kg. Gyroscope was designed and made in the form of a disc, in which dimensions and materials used were determined according to the desired moment force. The PID controller was used to control the speed of gyroscope based on the angle of the pendulum (θ). Based on the results of the experiment, it was obtained that the resulting settling time was 2.29 times faster than without control in average. The overshoot and rise time resulted by the system using gyroscope were very similar to the system which is without gyroscope. However, the steady state error was totally eliminated. It can be concluded that the moment of gyroscope is able to be used for controlling the pendulum or crane.

scholarly journals PENGENDALIAN PROSES PURIFIKASI DME DAN METANOL PADA PABRIK DME DARI GAS SINTESIS

SINERGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
Tubagus Aryandi Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Rise Time ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Integral Square Error ◽  
Unit Unit

Pengembangan produksi DME (dimetil eter) sebagai energi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan sudah banyak dilakukan di negara-negara lain seperti Jerman, Belanda, Australia, Jepang, China dan Taiwan. Indonesia masih mengimpor DME untuk memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan industri dalam negeri, karena itu perlu didirikan pabrik pembuatan DME. Proses pembuatan DME secara indirect melibatkan sintesis metanol, dehidrasi metanol, purifikasi DME hingga purifikasi metanol untuk di recylce. Optimasi proses purifikasi DME dilakukan dengan mendapatkan kinerja pengendalian yang optimum pada proses purifikasi DME hingga purifikasi metanol. Unit-unit yang ada pada proses purifikasi DME ialah unit distilasi DME, unit cooler dan unit storage tank, sedangkan pada proses purifikasi metanol terdapat unit distilasi metanol, unit cooler dan unit pompa. Proses purifikasi DME dan Metanol ini mengandalkan unit distilasi yang memiliki suhu operasi hingga 190oC dan tekanan hingga 1950 kPa. Sistem pengendalian yang dipilih untuk proses ini ialah jenis pengendali Proportional Integral (PI) karena dapat menangani hampir setiap situasi pengendalian proses di dalam skala industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pemodelan penyetelan pengendali Ziegler Nichols dan Lopez, lalu dibandingkan nilai parameter kinerja pengendalinya yaitu Offset, Rise Time, Time of First Peak, Settling Time, Periode osilasi, Decay Ratio, Overshoot, Deviasi maksimum, Integral Absolute Error (IAE) dan Integral Square Error (ISE) dari kedua jenis penyetelan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk penentuan variabel input dan output yang optimum pada proses purifikasi DME dan Metanol yang dapat diterapkan pada pabrik DME.

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