scholarly journals Prospective Role of Advanced Technologies in Forensic Science in Averting Harassment of Accused in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1317-1319
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Scientific Instrumentation ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Impact

The present work addresses the impact of modern scientific techniques of investigations on the rights of accused. The dramatic scientific breakthroughs in forensic science like new scientific instrumentation, DNA typing and physical evidence databases have contributed to evidence in criminal proceedings over the years. A systematic change in investigations can be brought by applying the 7 basic principles of forensic science capable of giving impartial results. Increasing the reliance on objective forms of evidence, result oriented investigation based on scientific methods will prevent futile harassment of accused.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORENSIC COMMODITY EXPERTISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Buzyna ◽  
◽  
Roman Kravchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principles ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Examination Process ◽  
Combining Methods ◽  
Selection Of

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of forensic commodity expertise. The main stages and components of the expert examination process are defined. The article analyzes the current legislation in this area, describes existing legislative acts, indicates shortcomings and the need to supplement the regulatory framework. The main problems and specifics of conducting forensic commodity expertise, the process of selecting specialists for expert groups, the criteria for this selection, and so on are identified. Special emphasis is placed on the use of various methods, their objectivity and subjectivity. Measures necessary to improve the objectivity of the expert examination results are described. The possibilities of using certain methods are revealed, the expediency of using expert and measurement methods in various situations, their ratio and accuracy are indicated. The rationality of using the organoleptic method in forensic expertise is evaluated. The directions of expert commodity research determined by specific methods are determined. The origin and possibilities of combining methods in forensic commodity expertise are investigated. The legal limits of conducting an expert examination are outlined, and measures that go beyond the basic principles of legal proceedings and morality are indicated. Special attention is paid to the objects of expertise, their types and definitions, restrictions in the selection of objects, the powers of experts, officials and judicial bodies in the issue of disposing of objects of expertise, and so on. Conditions and factors that can affect the state of objects are evaluated. Particular attention is focused on the role of accompanying documentation and other types of documentation, the importance of accompanying materials and information received for examination. It is mentioned about the possibility of obtaining related information by experts during the expert examination. The scientific origin of expert methodology is analyzed and the possibilities of combining expert and scientific methods are evaluated.

scholarly journals Formation and Development of Penitentiary Institutions in Yekaterinodar (Second Half of the 19th–Early 20th Centuries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 826-834
Author(s):  
Irina Izyumskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historic Background

Introduction: the article is devoted to the historic background of the prison system in the Kuban and features of the prison institutions formation in Yekaterinodar – the center of the Kuban Oblast, formed in 1860. The article, based on the comprehension of historical experience and analysis of archival materials, shows the impact of the 1860– 1870 state-legal reforms on construction of new and enlargement of current prisons and studies the specifics of prisoner detention conditions. It reveals the role of the Yekaterinodar Military Prison Committee “Prisons Custody Society” in enhancement of Yekaterinodar’s penitentiary institutions: organization of places of detention and provision of the necessary detention regime; control over detainee’s welfare; improvement of medical care for prisoners, etc. Purpose: to reflect development features of penitentiary institutions in the Kuban as a whole and Yekaterinodar in particular. The methodological basis of the research consists of philosophical, general scientific and private scientific methods (dialectical, system-structural, historical-genetic, comparative, formal-legal, etc.). Discussion: based on a brief analysis of the works of N.I. Galkina, N.V. Slavinskii, M.K. Batchayeva, S.A. Lobova, etc., devoted to the issues under consideration, as well as the study of materials contained in the funds of the State Archive of Krasnodar Territory, the author presents chronological background of formation and development of the Kuban prison institutions. As a result of the conducted research, the researcher comes to the following conclusion: since Yekaterinodar acquired the status of a civil city in 1867, there was a sharp increase in out-of-town visitors, which led to a rise in the number of crimes and, accordingly, persons serving sentences in the form of imprisonment. It involvedthe expansion of existing prison facilities and construction of new ones, in particular, the Yekaterinodar regional prison in 1876. The establishment of the Yekaterinodar Military Prison ommittee “Prisons Custody Society” in 1867, which was in charge of the entire Kuban penitentiary system, helped achieve some success in prison guardianship within its competence. The development of guardianship in relation to prisoners should be considered one of the mechanisms that solved the problem of improving prisoners’ situation. This activity was financed by state and private charitable funds. The author also notes that the Kuban prisons addressed acute problems, characteristic, however, of the entire penitentiary system, such as insufficient funding of prison facilities, unsuitability of prison facilities, i.e. overcrowding, and harsh detention conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of photography on students’ perception of electronic popular science text

2021 ◽  
pp. e021025
Author(s):  
Natalia Igorevna Khristoforova
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Science Text ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Computer Technologies ◽  
The Impact

The present article analyzes the relevance of the combination of the verbal and non-verbal components of popular science text and the role of computer technologies and the global information network Internet in creating texts of this type. The author conducts a study to assess the impact of Internet technologies on the process of creating electronic popular science text in an attempt to determine the most promising technologies used in this process. The author concludes that the most advanced technologies have to be used in creating a popular science text. It is noted that the Internet era opens up new opportunities for creating popular science texts, however, the most effective way to create popular science texts combines verbal and non-verbal means (primarily photographs) and modern computer technologies. An important aspect of popular science text is a trend towards the reduction in volume which is achieved through photographs often replacing lengthy descriptions and explanations. Considering the polysemantic nature of photography and the stabilizing function of a text in relation to an image, an approach to the consideration of verbal and visual components in the framework of popular science text is proposed.

scholarly journals MANUFACTURING OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC SAFETY

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-823
Author(s):  
M. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Impact

Introduction.The article is devoted to the study of the regional manufacturing industry of the Siberian Federal District from the standpoint of economic security. The purpose of the article is to analyze the manufacturing industries on the basis of the proposed indicators group and in the context of ensuring economic security of the Siberian federal district.Materials and methods.The scientific methods of logic, comparison, as well as the method of the statistical materials’ analysis are used in the research. The analysis of the manufacturing industry was carried out in two groups of indicators:1)            indicators determining the socio-economic importance of the manufacturing industry for the region;2)            indicators of the export potential of the regional manufacturing industries, contributing to the development of the region.Results.The main results of the study are in identifying the regions of the Siberian Federal District, in which the manufacturing industry is the most important component in supporting the development of the region and maintaining its economic security. Moreover, special attention is paid to the contribution of manufacturing industries to the socio-economic stability of the Omsk region.The paper touches upon the theoretical and methodological provisions related to the study of the role of manufacturing industry in the development of the country and its regions and in improvement of methods for assessing regional economic security. The author proposes the group of indicators that allow more accurately reveal the impact of manufacturing industry on the socio-economic condition of the region.Discussion and conclusion. The conducted research allows supplementing the existing scientific directions with the approach, which clarifies the assessment of the manufacturing industry with an analysis of its export potential indicators, in order to expand the comprehensive understanding of the most problematic points of regional development from economic security point of view.

scholarly journals right to receive legal assistance in criminal proceedings in Russia and in foreign countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kupryashina ◽  
Dmitry V. Boev ◽  
Anna A. Gileva ◽  
Anzhelika I. Lyakhova ◽  
Sergey F. Shumilin
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

The paper analyses the legislation of the Russian Federation and some foreign countries on the right of citizens to provide them with legal assistance in criminal cases, as well as the problems arising in its implementation. The paper also summarizes the experience of the studied countries in order to improve their legislation in this area of criminal justice. Methodologically, the work uses scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as historical and comparative methods; all are given in an integrated approach. Among the conclusions, we underline the fact that some countries are introducing norms and tendencies from international law into their legal systems; the basic international principles of lawyer's activities, including principles for defenders, are fixed in the basic principles on the role of lawyers, which describe the right to receive free legal aid for those who are the poor; also that citizens have the right to choose a representative of their interests in the judiciary and have the opportunity to contact with their defenders at any time.

scholarly journals The role of the prosecutor's office in ensuring the investment attractiveness of energy sector enterprises socio-economic and legal aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-636
Author(s):  
Iurii S. Shpinev
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the development of investment relations in the energy sector, as well as the impact of prosecutor's supervision on improving the investment climate in the studied sector of the economy. The article emphasizes the importance of the activities of the prosecutor's office to improve the investment attractiveness of the industry, as well as to ensure that the participants in the legal relations comply with the current legislation. The basis for such conclusions for the author is the positive experience of prosecutor's supervision in the field of investment activities in the territories of advanced socio-economic development in the Far Eastern Federal District. In the course of the research, the author, in addition to general scientific methods of synthesis and analysis, used such special methods as historical, comparative-legal, formal-legal.

scholarly journals The Regional Role of the Eurasian Development Bank in the Post-Coronavirus World

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Policy ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Member States ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Technology Markets ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Until now, the processes of global regionalisation have not been adequately reflected in the formation of systemic approaches to the management of financial relations within the Eurasian Economic Union. It leads to the search for new financial policy mechanisms necessary to stimulate the economies of the EAEU countries in the context of emerging economic and geopolitical constraints, as well as the creation of the necessary prerequisites for industrial cooperation in the context of anti-Russian sanctions and de-globalisation trends intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the vulnerability of the economies of the EAEU member states is due to their extreme dependence on external extra-regional demand, international capital and technology markets, as well as international settlement and payment systems based on the US dollar. The study is based on a dialectical approach. In conducting the research, we used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation, as well as methods of systemic, historical-logical and comparative analysis. The contradictory nature of the development of the world economy at the present stage was revealed. The role of the EDB in creating conditions for sustainable development of the EAEU member states has been substantiated. Changes in the structure of the EDB’s investment portfolio were analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of the EDB’s current activities in the context of the implementation of the Bank’s Strategy for 2018–2020 were summarised. Comparative characteristics of financing of EDB member countries through multilateral development banks were presented. The impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic on the current and future activities of the EDB was shown.

scholarly journals Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) or Blood Glucose Monitoring (BGM): Interactions and Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Heinemann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual International Conference

At the 2017 10th annual International Conference on Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD) in Paris, France, four speakers presented their perspectives on the roles of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in patient management within one symposium. These presentations included discussions of the differences in the accuracy of CGM and BGM, a clinical perspective on the physiological reasons behind differences in CGM and BGM values, and an overview of the impact of variations in device accuracy on patients with diabetes. Subsequently a short summary of these presentations is given, highlighting the value of good accuracy of BGM or CGM systems and the ongoing need for standardization. The important role of both BGM and CGM in patient management was a theme across all presentations.

Digital Steps of Protest, Reenactment, and Networked Interaction

2015 ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Alexandria Chuk
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Digital Labor ◽  
Virtual Events ◽  
The Impact

Joseph DeLappe is an American digital media artist whose creative work demonstrates unique intersections between analogue and digital creative processes. In 2008 he created the Salt Satyagraha project, a virtual and simultaneously physical reenactment of Mahatma Gandhi's 1930 Salt Satyagraha political march by using Second Life (SL) and a customized treadmill that corresponded to his avatar's movements. The project also included a blog, an exhibition, and numerous screenshots documenting the virtual events. This chapter explores the artist's intent and the impact of combining virtual and digital labor, performance, artistic intervention, play, and the role of the human agent in the human-computer relationship. DeLappe's project blog and two key philosophical theories – Walter Benjamin's concept of the spielraum, a playspace that allows for creative experimentation in advanced technologies; and Jacques Derrida's concept of the supplement, something added to an original that reinforces or changes its meaning – are used to frame this examination.

Basic principles of the prosecutor in criminal proceedings under Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Rohatiuk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Criminal Proceeding ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Times

Principles have always been the cornerstones of criminal proceedings’ legal regulation affecting all participants of criminal process. Taking into account the accelerated pace of current law enforcement reforming it is necessary to mention the prosecution institute and key role of criminal proceedings’ principles presenting scientific background for further empirical findings. The majority of these principles defines the priority growth directions of criminal process as well as creates friendly environment for behavioral aspects of criminal proceeding parties. This article provides comparative analysis of the existing criminal procedural principles of the prosecutor’s role in the criminal proceedings with specification of the legality principle as a requirement for all subjects of the criminal proceedings, including the prosecutor, to use the norms and provisions of legal acts correctly, to comply it consistently and perform accurately, explores the historical origins of these principles and their determinants’ origin starting from the times of Kievan Rus and its unique judicial system and proves that the adversarial principle is closely connected with dispositivity of prosecutor’s participation in criminal proceeding. An emphasis is placed on correlation between the ‘principles’ and ‘foundations’ terms examined by Ukrainian and Soviet scholars and its application in relation to the newly adopted Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine.

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