Construction projects are predisposed to conflicts.
This is attributed to the multiplicity of personnel handling the
various phases of the projects. Empirical evidence from previous
studies shows that if not properly managed, conflicts affect among
others, the project's productivity loss, inadequate time and cost
performance levels, loss of profit, and damage in business
relations. Identifying the significant causes and major potential
impacts of conflicts is crucial to reducing the risk of conflict
occurrence in projects. Hence, this study was focused on
explaining the classification of conflicts, identifying and assessing
their causes and impacts in construction projects in Kenya
grounded on the perception of project consultants and
contractors. To accomplish the study objectives, a questionnaire
was designed to collect data on the experiences of construction
professionals on the causes and impacts of conflicts during project
implementation. A total of 122 consultants and contractors
provided responses, which were analyzed. A total of 42 significant
causes of conflicts in the Kenyan context were identified. Based on
the survey results, delay in progress payments by the client was
identified as the most significant cause of conflicts, followed by
poor site management and supervision. The survey also revealed
that conflicts can emerge from any of the stakeholders, with
contractors contributing the most, accounting for 14 of the 42
conflict factors identified. The study ranked the impacts of these
conflicts using the Relative Severity Index (RSI). The results
indicated that the biggest impact of conflicts on construction
projects is the loss of profitability and perhaps business viability,
and delays in project delivery. Expert opinions regarding the best
practices and strategies for improving project harmony through
effective conflict management were reviewed and grouped into
five classes namely; project documentation, stakeholder
involvement, value-based procurement, and adoption of ICT. It is
concluded that the project manager should develop his leadership
role by the adoption of these strategies so that he can use his
position to effect positive conflict management on his team
members. Furthermore, during the life cycle of the construction
project, special attention should be given to the identified cause
factors to avoid or effectively manage conflicts. These results,
taken together, support clear guidelines on the need for proactive
financial obligation on the client-side, as well as the hiring of
experienced project professionals. Implementing these
suggestions would reduce the risk of conflicts arising during
building projects.