scholarly journals Current Trends on Oil Sludge Characterization, Toxicity and Treatment Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Petroleum Sludge ◽  
Sludge Characterization ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Hazardous Pollutants

Oily sludge produced in the refineries contains various harmful contaminants and difficult to analyse Treatment of Petroleum Sludge is a major problem all over the world. More strict regulations are being imposed, which preservere the treatment technologies capable to deal with the hazardous pollutants. The inadvisable disposal of oil sludge leads to hazardous, due to the presence of high concentration of harmful substances. This paper presents critical review on the production, characterization, toxicity and biological treatment of petroleum sludge reported in various studies. Compared to usage and production of petroleum and oil based products, the pace of knowledge acquisition on treatment of petroleum and oil sludge is slower despite the availability of numerous treatment and remediation options. Also, the differences in performance of treatment methods and results reported from various literatures have been addressed to pave a way for a customized treatment solution to oil sludge contamination. There is a need to identify a cost effective solution through which toxic pollutants in the sludge is treated effectively with a potential to reuse as manure for cultivation of crops.

Microbe Associated Phytoremediation Technology for Management of Oil Sludge

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Monika Chandrabhan Dhote
Keyword(s):  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Environmental contamination due to petroleum compounds is a serious global issue. Oil /petroleum refineries produce huge amount of oil sludge during drilling, storage, transport, refining which spoil soil and ground water resources. Such activities release different compounds viz. alkane, mono- polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), asphaltene, resins and heavy metals. Due to physico-chemical properties, PAHs are one of most targeted compounds as they are highly persistent, carcinogenic, and have mutagenic effects on ecosystem. Such problems of PAHs drag researcher's attention to find some reliable and cost effective solution for oil sludge disposal management. Since last few decades, extensive research work has been carried out on various methods for treatment of oil sludge. In recent years, microbial assisted phytoremediation treatment technologies are being studied since these are reliable and cost effective for field applications. Here, we have discussed about combined eco-friendly technology of plant and microbe(s) to treat oil sludge for its better management.

Sustainable waste management: recovery of fuels from petroleum sludge

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elektorowicz ◽  
Shiva Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Electrical Potentials ◽  
Petroleum Sludge ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Petroleum sludge is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, water, metals, and suspended fine solids. The objective of this research was to develop a technique that will lead to the separation of phases ready for further reuse. A study was carried out to investigate a combination of various systems of electrokinetic cells, to which oily sludge, conditioning liquids, and different electrical potentials were applied. The developed electrokinetic phase separation is a new cost-effective technology, which in turn will permit the revitalization of petroleum sludge. This method can significantly reduce the amount of wasted sludge and can recover new fuels free of metals and water. Life cycle analysis of the recovered fuel shows that a new petroleum waste management protocol might reduce emissions of major greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O by 40 026 000, 1057, and 566 kg, respectively, per refinery per year.Key words: oily sludge, electrokinetics, fuel recovery, sustainable management, life cycle analysis.

scholarly journals Current Trends on Role of Biological Treatment in Integrated Treatment Technologies of Textile Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Belen Ceretta ◽  
Débora Nercessian ◽  
Erika A. Wolski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Hazardous Compounds

Wastewater discharge is a matter of concern as it is the primary source of water pollution. Consequently, wastewater treatment plays a key role in reducing the negative impact that wastewater discharge produce into the environment. Particularly, the effluents produced by textile industry are composed of high concentration of hazardous compounds such as dyes, as well as having high levels of chemical and biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, variable pH, and high concentration of salt. Main efforts have been focused on the development of methods consuming less water or reusing it, and also on the development of dyes with a better fixation capacity. However, the problem of how to treat these harmful effluents is still pending. Different treatment technologies have been developed, such as coagulation-flocculation, adsorption, membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, advanced oxidation, and biological processes (activated sludge, anaerobic-aerobic treatment, and membrane bioreactor). Concerning to biological treatments, even though they are considered as the most environmentally friendly and economic methods, their industrial application is still uncertain. On the one hand, this is due to the costs of treatment plants installation and, on the other, to the fact that most of the studies are carried out with simulated or diluted effluents that do not represent what really happens in the industries. Integrated treatment technologies by combining the efficiency two or more methodologies used to be more efficient for the decontamination of textile wastewater, than treatments used separately. The elimination of hazardous compounds had been reported using combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes. On this way, as degradation products can sometimes be even more toxic than the parent compounds, effluent toxicity assessment is an essential feature in the development of these alternatives. This article provides a critical view on the state of art of biological treatment, the degree of advancement and the prospects for their application, also discussing the concept of integrated treatment and the importance of including toxicity assays to reach an integral approach to wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals SLUDGE CHARACTERIZATION OF KHARTOUM PETROLEUM REFINING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT- KHARTOUM-SUDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 672-681
Author(s):  
Mahdi Haroun ◽  
◽  
Abdelazim Mohd Altawil ◽  
Gammas A.M. Osman ◽  
Eiman Elrashid Diab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Sludge ◽  
Sludge Characterization ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Soil Clay

Clearance of sludge has made a major task in latest periods. In the current study sludge from KPRWTP were investigated concerning physicochemical characteristics & disposal options. Organic content of petroleum sludge & clay soil was 0.23 ±0.09% and 0.186±0.1%, respectively. Metals average concentration: Chromium: 130.95±27.32 mg/kg Arsenic: 0.899±0.434 mg/kg lead: 47.83±21.44 mg/kg Cadmium: 18.33±9.04 mg/kg Copper: 209±31.18 mg/kg Zinc: 631±159.57 mg/kg Nickel: 6.6±2.44 mg/kg cobalt: 35.54±10.08 mg/kg manganese: 35.54±10.08 mg/kg: iron: 501±5490.04 mg/kg: titanium: 108.3±18.33 mg/kg, and zirconium: 2.54±0.246 mg/kg respectively. Sludge was made up of particles to some extent of bigger portion compared to soil (sludge: clay and silt 58.9%, sand 41.1% soil: clay and silt 76%, sand 34%). Core constituents of petroleum sludge were Fe2O3 (38.45%), SiO2 (8.55%), CaO (30.35%), MgO (0.85%). According to standards of (NJDEPSCC) As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, & Zn have significantly lower concentration in sludge comparing guideline for residential and nonresidential utilization. On the other hand, FDEPSCTL showed Cu and Zn were only metals in sludge significantly have high concentration regarding guideline for residential applications only. The study confirmed that heavy metals under investigation were significantly lesser than quantities controlled by (TCLP) of (RCRA), with exception for chromium content.

Study of Treatment Process and Development of Oily Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2667-2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Shao Fu Song ◽  
Cheng Tun Qu ◽  
Qian Xie ◽  
Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Crude Oil Production

Oily sludge is a mixture of oil and sludge, produced during the process of crude oil production and gathering, contains crude oil, heavy metal and organic toxic and harmful substances, and with the characteristics of high moisture content, poor liquidity and big volume. The recycling and disposal of it has been one of the most important aspects of enviromrntal protection in oil industry. In this paper the origin nature and hazards of oil sludge were described, the existing oily sludge treatment process from the aspects of quenched separation, heat treatment, extraction, biological treatment were introduced, and looks forward to the development of the oil sludge treatment technology.

Use of chemical upgrading (CU) in Hungary and Slovakia

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Murcott ◽  
Donald R. F. Harleman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment Technologies

In the past decade, the development of polymers and new chemical technologies has opened the way to using low doses of chemicals in wastewater treatment. “Chemical upgrading” (CU) is defined in this paper as an application of these chemical technologies to upgrade overloaded treatment systems (typically consisting of conventional primary plus biological treatment) in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Although some of the chemical treatment technologies are proven ones in North America, Scandinavia, and Germany, a host of factors, for example, the variations in composition and degree of pollution, the type of technologies in use, the type and mix of industrial and domestic sewage, and the amount of surface water, had meant that the viability of using CU in CEE countries was unknown. This report describes the first jar tests of CU conducted during the summer of 1993. The experiments show CU's ability to improve wastewater treatment plant performance and to potentially assist in the significant problem of overloaded treatment plants. Increased removal of BOD, TSS, and P in the primary stage of treatment is obtained at overflow rates above 1.5 m/h, using reasonably priced, local sources of metal salts in concentrations of 25 to 50 mg/l without polymers.

Two-stage chemical-biological treatment at Thessaloniki greater area WWTP - experiences and potentials

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Andreadakis ◽  
G. H. Kristensen ◽  
A. Papadopoulos ◽  
C. Oikonomopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms ◽  
Sludge Settling ◽  
The City

The wastewater from the city of Thessaloniki is discharged without treatment to the nearby inner part of the Thessaloniki Gulf. The existing, since 1989, treatment plant offers only primary treatment and did not operate since the expected effluent quality is not suitable for safe disposal to the available recipients. Upgrading of the plant for advanced biological treatment, including seasonal nitrogen removal, is due from 1995. In the mean time, after minor modifications completed in February 1992, the existing plant was put into operation as a two-stage chemical-biological treatment plant for 40 000 m3 d−1, which corresponds to about 35% of the total sewage flow. The operational results obtained during the two years operation period are presented and evaluated. All sewage and sludge treatment units of the plant perform better than expected, with the exception of the poor sludge settling characteristics, due to severe and persistent bulking caused by excessive growth of filamentous microorganisms, particularly M. Parvicella. Effective control of the bulking problem could lead to more cost-effective operation and increased influent flows.

In-system Overflow Treatment Technologies Offer Cost-Effective Opportunities to Protect Water Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
J Fitzpatrick ◽  
S Eisner ◽  
S Goris ◽  
J Hutchins ◽  
C O’Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Technologies

scholarly journals Elucidation of the Crystal Growth Characteristics of SnO2 Nanoaggregates Formed by Sequential Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Reaction and Freeze Drying

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Saeid Vafaei ◽  
Alexander Wolosz ◽  
Catlin Ethridge ◽  
Udo Schnupf ◽  
Nagisa Hattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Concentration

SnO2 nanoparticles are regarded as attractive, functional materials because of their versatile applications. SnO2 nanoaggregates with single-nanometer-scale lumpy surfaces provide opportunities to enhance hetero-material interfacial areas, leading to the performance improvement of materials and devices. For the first time, we demonstrate that SnO2 nanoaggregates with oxygen vacancies can be produced by a simple, low-temperature sol-gel approach combined with freeze-drying. We characterize the initiation of the low-temperature crystal growth of the obtained SnO2 nanoaggregates using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results indicate that Sn (II) hydroxide precursors are converted into submicrometer-scale nanoaggregates consisting of uniform SnO2 spherical nanocrystals (2~5 nm in size). As the sol-gel reaction time increases, further crystallization is observed through the neighboring particles in a confined part of the aggregates, while the specific surface areas of the SnO2 samples increase concomitantly. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements suggest that Sn (II) ions exist in the SnO2 samples when the reactions are stopped after a short time or when a relatively high concentration of Sn (II) is involved in the corresponding sol-gel reactions. Understanding this low-temperature growth of 3D SnO2 will provide new avenues for developing and producing high-performance, photofunctional nanomaterials via a cost-effective and scalable method.

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