scholarly journals Features of Non-Tariff Regulation of Construction Products Market in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National System ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Quality Of Products

The article deals with the issue of state regulation over the construction products industry. Analysis resulted in the identification of two main forms of regulation: tariff and non-tariff regulation. Global practices show the effectiveness of non-tariff regulation in the construction industry. Being a WTO member, Ukraine has to implement the legal framework of non-tariff regulation, in regards to those aspects contributing to compliance with the rating and standards of the European Union to ensure the quality of products. The main objective of non-tariff market regulation is to ensure the quality of finished products, environmental protection, health and safety of life. The national system of regulation, including technical rate-setting of the construction products manufacturing must comply with the international documents ratified by Ukraine. The article analyzes the domestic legal framework and proposes an algorithm for designing a national system of non-tariff regulation in accordance with international rules and standards.

scholarly journals The Application of 3D-Printing Techniques in the Manufacturing of Cement-Based Construction Products and Experiences Based on the Assessment of Such Products

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Guillermo Sotorrío Ortega ◽  
Javier Alonso Madrid ◽  
Nils O. E. Olsson ◽  
José Antonio Tenorio Ríos
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Printing Techniques

The construction industry has embraced digitisation and industrialisation in response to the need to increase its productivity, optimise material consumption and improve workmanship. Additive manufacturing (AM), more widely known as 3D printing, has driven substantial progress in these respects in other industries, and a number of national and international projects have helped to introduce the technique to the construction industry. As with other innovative processes not covered by uniform standards, appropriate assessments and testing methodologies to control the quality of the 3D-printed end products, while not obligatory, are advisable. This article shows that regulation is not an obstacle to the use of an innovative product, such as 3D printing, by proposing quality-control tests and an assessment methodology, in the understanding that standardisation ensures the viability of a technology. The information, including the methods and results, is based on the authors’ experiences in the development of three research projects pertaining to 3D printing. This paper also discusses whether the performance of the materials used in 3D printing could be superior to traditional ones.

scholarly journals Development and characterization of biodegradable compound based on EPDM and wood waste

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Nituica ◽  
Laurentia Alexandrescu ◽  
Mihai Georgescu ◽  
Maria Sonmez ◽  
Maria Daniela Stelescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Compound ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Polymeric Waste

In the European Union, the potential for recycling technological and post-consumer polymeric waste is untapped. Their recycling and reuse are very low, compared to other types of waste such as glass, paper, etc., and the rates of storage, even of incineration, is very high in terms of percentage. Therefore, by reusing them, but also making use of new advanced technologies, we can contribute to improving the quality of products, and to environmental protection by recycling waste, protecting human health by eliminating toxins during their incineration, but also increasing turnover for global economic agents. Thus, this paper presents the obtaining and characterization of an antibacterial compound based on EPDM elastomer and wood waste (sawdust). The antibacterial compound is characterized from a physical-mechanical and structural point of view (FT-IR), all according to standards in force.

scholarly journals Comparison of approval procedures for medical devices in Europe and the USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-608
Author(s):  
Marcel Vila Wagner ◽  
Thomas Schanze
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Us Government ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Global Harmonization

AbstractImportant achievements such as the discovery of penicillin increased life expectancy in the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the influence of technical equipment and biomedical research led to a further leap in life expectancy. The use of computer devices with sophisticated software also improved the quality of life. This is linked to the fact that all these achievements have now led to the emergence of one of the largest import and export markets in the USA, alongside the european union (EU), which is an association of European states. In order to guarantee a uniform quality of this abundance of different products and therapies, there are worldwide corresponding regulations, to which all manufacturers must adhere. The entry into force of these regulations, with the associated approval and testing obligations for each individual medical device, ensures that a consistently high quality of products is used on patients. Of course, high quality as well as high functionality and safety levels of medical products are a must. However, the implementation of these regulations is realized differently in the various markets, as there is no global harmonization. This work focuses on approval procedures for medical devices in Europe (EU) and the USA and compares significant differences in the approval procedures, which are shown as a graphical comparison. An example is an approval of medical devices by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is an US government agency. In Europe (EU) there is a manufacturer’s declaration of conformity for the approval.

scholarly journals Trading on Food Quality due to Changes in Prices: Are There Any Nutritional Effects?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Revoredo-Giha ◽  
Faical Akaichi ◽  
Neil Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of changes in prices is not only important because they directly affect households’ affordability and, therefore, their food security but also because they may trigger changes in the composition of their food and drink choices. Thus, an increase in prices may force a household with limited resources to choose a bundle of goods with lower prices that substitute their original choices and are probably of lower quality. This paper considers the situation of each UK country and the implications that trading down in quality within a food and drink category has on nutrition. Two motivations to pursue these analyses are to explore the sort of substitutions that households do within a category due to an increase in prices and, in the UK leaving the European Union (Brexit) context, the impact that an increase in food prices may have on nutrition. After computing estimates for trading down for each country for the period 2007–2014, we regress the annual rate of change by nutrient with respect to the annual trading in quality for six food qualities that are major contributors of fat, sugar and salt to the diet. The results indicate that trading down in quality occurs in most of the studied categories and countries, and when households trade down, they move to products with worse nutritional quality. This points out the need to keep improving the quality of products through reformulation, ensure that consumers are well informed of nutritional quality of products and monitor the effect of changes in prices.

INTRODUCTION OF HIGHLY MORAL ASPECTS OF THE POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF INFLUENCE OF SOCIETY ON ACTIVITY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Kiva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Member States ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
National System

The article considers the peculiarities of the introduction of high moral aspects of the political and social system of the European Union in the national system of public influence on the activities of law enforcement agencies. It is established that the implementation of legislative norms and provisions of the European Union in the legal system of Ukraine is the basis of the European course and further effective application of the principles of state regulation of law enforcement. It is substantiated that the activity of the police is subject to clear regulation both in the member states of the European Union and in Ukraine. Therefore, the organizational and legal support of public authorities in determining the procedure for recruitment, dismissal, receiving incentives for professional tasks corresponds to the principles of civil society. The public and its influence on law enforcement are correlated with law-centrism. It is noted that the influence of the community on the activities of law enforcement agencies is identified with respect for legal norms and regulatory framework. It is emphasized that decentralization, which is being introduced in the member states of the European Union, aims at equal distribution of powers between police bodies and, as a consequence, improvement of public law enforcement communication. In Ukraine, on the other hand, there are similar transformations in the legal framework of civil society cooperation with the police: the idea of decentralization corresponds to the Euro-Atlantic course, which is the guiding one, in the context of shaping state policy for Ukraine. It is pointed out that the process of perception by the police and structural units of law enforcement agencies of the European Union member states of the influence of civil society on the style of their functioning is a process of democratization of the socio-political system.

scholarly journals Lighting the blue touch paper, and building well

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Christopher Platt ◽  
Steven Spier
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Building Trades ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
Skills Shortage ◽  
The Uk

Architectural practice has become considerably more complex in the last twenty years, not to mention since the days of Wright. Many more professions are involved in realising a building, and the construction industry has become professionalised in areas such as health and safety, management training and continuing professional development. Procurement methods for buildings are proliferating and roles for all involved changing, especially for the architect. Shorter timescales are common and there is a general consensus that, in the UK at least, there is a serious skills shortage in the industry and a decline in the quality of the building trades. The industry has become both more litigious and more international.

The Matzak judgment of the CJEU: The concept of worker and the blurring frontiers of work and rest time

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Manuel Antonio García-Muñoz Alhambra ◽  
Christina Hiessl
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Working Time Regulation

The CJEU’S Matzak judgment raises diverse and important questions concerning (not only) working time regulation in the European Union. The present special issue sheds light on some of these questions, more specifically with regard to the Working Time Directive‘s personal scope as well as the notions of working time and rest time under EU law. The Directive’s scope is linked to the concept of worker and the criteria to construct it and, in the context of the Matzak case, leads to interesting questions about the position of volunteers in EU law and the problem of concurrent contracts. In this respect, exploring a purposive approach attending to the health and safety aims of the Directive may be fruitful. The boundaries between working time and rest time are far from clear, especially in situations of stand-by and on call time. Here the proposal of an intermediate category related to the idea of quality of rest time is discussed.

scholarly journals Transforming Building Criteria to Evidence Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5894
Author(s):  
Géza Fischl ◽  
Peter Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Construction Product

There is increasing pressure from developers toward architects and engineers to deliver scientifically sound proposals for often complex and cost-intensive construction products. An increase in digitalization within the construction industry and the availability of intelligently built assets and overall sustainability make it possible to customize a construction product. This servitization of construction products is assumed to perform much preferably in satisfying stakeholders’ physical, psychological, and social needs. The degree to which these products are performing can be evaluated through an evidence index. This article aims to introduce a conceptual model of an evidence index and test it in the programming stage of a case study. The investigation follows the evidence-based design approach and renders evidence through key performance indicators in the programming stage of the building process. For testing the concept, a case study investigation was performed by simulating a novice research assistant, and the amount of evidence was collected and appraised for evidence index. The case study showed that key performance indicators of a servitized project could be evaluated on a four-point scale. The quality of the evidence index generation depended on the level of expertise the evaluator has in research and the skilful use of scientific databases.

scholarly journals Licensing of Tourist Activity in Foreign Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Olena CHERNIAK ◽  
Alla KIRYK
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
State Agency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Travel Agencies

The tourism industry has been studied as one of the important components of the world economy. The place and role of licensing of tourist activity in the system of state regulation in the field of tourism are considered. The normative-legal regulation of licensing of tourist activity in Ukraine is analyzed. It is determined that the obligation to issue licenses for the right to conduct tour operators is assigned to the State Agency for Tourism Development of Ukraine (DART). The views of representatives of the tourism business on the abolition of licensing of travel agencies in Ukraine, which was carried out on the basis of the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine to Restrict State Regulation of Economic Activity». Modern approaches to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of tourism market participants in some countries and in Ukraine are analyzed. The procedure for issuing licenses for tourism activities in such popular tourist countries as Italy, France, Great Britain, Turkey, Thailand, Japan and the UAE is considered. The legal regulation of tourism in the European Union is studied and the Directive (EU) № 2015/2302 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on package tours and related travel organizations is analyzed, which aims to promote the proper functioning of the internal market and achieve the highest possible higher and equal level of protection of consumers of tourist services. It is determined which public authorities in foreign countries are responsible for state regulation of tourism. The types of licenses that can be obtained when opening travel agencies in foreign countries are considered. It is established that the procedure for obtaining a license differs from country to country and depends on a number of factors, including: models of public tourism management, development of the general legal framework, formation and structure of the tourism market, the presence of an association of tourism professionals. The improvement of state regulation of tourism development in Ukraine on the basis of international experience is analyzed. The directions of Ukraine which are directed on improvement of tourist sphere, namely introduction of the register of subjects of tourist activity are defined.

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