scholarly journals The Historical and Philosophical Exegesis on Yagya in Ancient India

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Pratishtha Pathik
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Vedic Literature

 Yagya or sacrifice has been an integral part of Indian history and culture. More particularly in ancient India, Yagya appears as the backbone of entire social and political structure. Thus, most of the Vedic literature revolves around the sacrificial ritual in different forms for numerous purposes. In contemporary world, when the scientific temperament dominates almost all spheres of life, masses seek to comprehend everything pertaining to human lives in a rational way. However, the recognized truth is that human society exists in a dilemmatic situation where on one hand they are not ready to discard their cultural heritage, customs and traditions and on the other hand they aspire to abide with scientific logic and reason. Therefore, it is essential to trace the philosophy and common logic of one of the most consistent sacrificial practice of Indian culture, i.e. Yagya. And since the Yagya tradition traces its antiquity from the ancient India, there is a requirement to illustrate the historical existence of yagya in abundance. Thus, this paper attempts to comprehensively deal with historical and philosophical aspects of Yagya to understand its relevance in present scenario. For this study historical methodology has been used premised on the analysis of primary and secondary sources, and the content is descriptive. Since the time of oldest Indus valley civilization, we find archeological evidences of fire altars from sites such as Kalibagan(Rajasthan), Lothal(Gujrat) etc. which indicate the practice of sacrificial rituals. In entire Vedic literature, plethora of textual references elaborate the philosophy, ritual practice, benefits, norms, the hosts of yagyas, and the various types of sacrifices such as Shraut Yagya (public and royal sacrifices) and Pak Yagya (domestic sacrifices). Furthermore, both literary and archeological evidences enchant the practice and effects of distinct type of sacrifices in later Vedic age, pre-Mauryan period (6th century B.C.), age of empires (Mauryan, Shunga, Satavahana, Kanva, Kushana etc.) and Gupta period. This reveals the historical existence of our cultural tradition. Moreover the philosophical relevance of yagya (to sacrifice) is exponent as an idea through which Vedic Rishis facilitated the harmony between ecological system and human life, the peaceful co-existence of all the creatures of the universe and their interdependence. Though it overtly seems that Yagya  has been a part of religious life of Vedic Aryans, but after the philosophical and historical analysis, it appears that Yagya  crucially contributed to social harmony, constructing political hegemony, and facilitating public welfare in its most intense as well as external procedures. Hence, for dwindling the cultural, environmental and social quos in today’s times yagya needs to be practiced in a modified logical manner.

Confucianism as a World Religion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sun
Keyword(s):  
Vital Signs ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
World Religion ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Thoughtful Reflection

Is Confucianism a religion? If so, why do most Chinese think it isn't? This book traces the birth and growth of the idea of Confucianism as a world religion. The book begins at Oxford, in the late nineteenth century, when Friedrich Max Müller and James Legge classified Confucianism as a world religion in the new discourse of “world religions” and the emerging discipline of comparative religion. The book shows how that decisive moment continues to influence the understanding of Confucianism in the contemporary world, not only in the West but also in China, where the politics of Confucianism has become important to the present regime in a time of transition. Contested histories of Confucianism are vital signs of social and political change. The book also examines the revival of Confucianism in contemporary China and the social significance of the ritual practice of Confucian temples. While the Chinese government turns to Confucianism to justify its political agenda, Confucian activists have started a movement to turn Confucianism into a religion. Confucianism as a world religion might have begun as a scholarly construction, but are we witnessing its transformation into a social and political reality? With historical analysis, extensive research, and thoughtful reflection, this book will engage all those interested in religion and global politics at the beginning of the Chinese century.

Islam, Globalization and Public Sector Governance (Islam, Globalisasi dan Pentadbiran Sektor Awam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-216
Author(s):  
SM Abdul Quddus
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Administrative Model

Globalization started sometime ago and is an ongoing process. It is a diverse phenomenon, which has had tremendous impact on all aspects of human life. The spread of the culture of globalization can predominantly be attributed to the usage of modern electronic media such as the internet. As Islam is a global phenomenon, it becomes apparent that its principles should be held in the esteem befitting its status and not disregarded as irrelevant. Religious people of all age categories must agree to adapt their traditions to deal with the challenges of modernity. The end goal of globalization is thus to assess and integrate common ground into the world views of Islamic versus Western values rather than provoke bi-polarization and discord. As globalization in its current iteration predominantly stems from the influences of the West, it is paramount to scrutinize the differences in the Muslim interpretation of globalization in relation to its modern incarnation, to explore its differing definitions, the fluctuating goals of the educational systems, the sidelining of local traditions and languages, factors derived from the advent of “brain-drain” from certain nations, appropriate Muslim actions in response to globalization, and finally onto the question, how public sector management should be reformed in line with the reality of globalization and Islamic philosophy of government and administration in the contemporary era? However, following the example of the Western capitalist models and excluding religious public sector reform has produced varied reactions in MMCs. Such reactions include widespread social alienation and accelerated unhappiness and promotion of restless competition rather than cooperation. All these realities raise some unavoidable questions and debates that need to be properly addressed both from theoretical and practical perspectives. A refocused attention at the philosophy of public sector governance in light of the role of religion on the globalized and technology-driven world is an important endeavor to undertake. Thus the main objective of this paper is to explore an administrative model for public sector governance that will fulfil the socio-economic, technological and spiritual needs of a society. Data for this paper is collected mainly from secondary sources i.e. content analysis. ‘Islamic administrative model’ as suggested by Al-Buraey are used as the theoretical underpinning for this study. Keywords: Globalization, Heartware and software, Islam, New Public management, Islamic administrative model. Abstrak Globalisasi telah berlaku sejak dahulu lagi dan ia adalah proses yang berlaku secara berterusan. Ia adalah fenomena yang pelbagai, yang memberi kesan besar kepada manusia dari pelbagai aspek. Penyebaran globalisasi budaya di dominasi besar oleh penggunaan media elektronik moden seperti Internet. Oleh kerana Islam adalah fenomena global, jelaslah bahawa prinsipnya harus dipegang dengan harga yang sesuai dengan statusnya dan tidak sepatutnya dianggap sebagai tidak relevan. Orang yang beragama dari setiap lapisan umur mesti mengekalkan adat mereka walaupun mendepani arus kemodenan yang mencabar. Matlamat terulung globalisasi adalah untuk menilai dan mengintegrasikan titik persamaan tentang pandangan dunia pada nilai murni Islam atau nilai murni barat dan bukannya mencetuskan polarisasi dan perpecahan. Oleh kerana globalisasi pada hari ini didominasi sepenuhnya dari pengaruh Barat, adalah sangat penting untuk meneliti perbezaan dari sudut tafsiran Muslim juga tentang globalisasi berhubung dengan penjelmaan modennya, untuk meneroka definisi yang berbeza, matlamat yang berubah-ubah dalam sistem pendidikan, mengetepikan tradisi dan bahasa tempatan, faktor-faktor yang diperoleh daripada kemunculan "keberanian otak" dari negara-negara tertentu, tindakan Islam yang sesuai sebagai tindak balas kepada globalisasi, dan akhirnya kepada persoalan, bagaimana pengurusan sektor awam perlu diperbaharui selaras dengan realiti globalisasi dan falsafah Islam kerajaan dan pentadbiran dalam era kontemporari? Walaubagaimanapun, menuruti contoh model kapitalis barat dan meminggirkan sektor awam agama telah menghasilkan pelbagai tindak balas dalam MMCs. Reaksi sedemikian merangkumi pengasingan sosial yang meluas dan meningkatkan jurang ketidakpuasan dan menggalakkan persaingan yang tidak sihat berbanding untuk kerjasama. Kesemua realiti ini menimbulkan beberapa persoalan dan perdebatan yang tidak dapat dielakkan yang perlu ditangani dengan baik dari perspektif teori dan praktikal. Penelitian semula pada falsafah tadbir urus sektor awam yang dibantu oleh peranan agama terhadap dunia global yang serba berasaskan teknologi merupakan usaha penting untuk dilaksanakan. Oleh itu objektif utama penulisan ini adalah untuk meneroka model pentadbiran untuk tadbir urus sektor awam  yang akan memenuhi sosioekonomi, teknologi dan keperluan rohani daripada masyarakat. Data dari kertas ini dah dikumpulkan terutamanya dari sumber kedua iaitu analisis kandungan. ‘Model pentadbiran Islam’ seperti yang dicadangkan ole Al-Buraey dah digunakan sebagai asas teori bagi kajian ini. Kata Kunci:  Globalisasi, perkakasan dan perisian, Islam, Pengurusan Awam Baru, Model Pentadbiran Islam.  

‘Our passion for legality’: international law and imperialism in late nineteenth-century Britain

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
CASPER SYLVEST
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
South African ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Congo Free State

AbstractThis article deploys a historical analysis of the relationship between law and imperialism to highlight questions about the character and role of international law in global politics. The involvement of two British international lawyers in practices of imperialism in Africa during the late nineteenth century is critically examined: the role of Travers Twiss (1809–1897) in the creation of the Congo Free State and John Westlake’s (1828–1913) support for the South African War. The analysis demonstrates the inescapably political character of international law and the dangers that follow from fusing a particular form of liberal moralism with notions of legal hierarchy. The historical cases raise ethico-political questions, the importance of which is only heightened by the character of contemporary world politics and the attention accorded to international law in recent years.

scholarly journals Vedic Philosophy and Swami Nigamananda

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sangram Keshari Mallik ◽  
Dr. Braja Kishore Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Vedic Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent Entity ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Rig Veda ◽  
The Individual

Wonder that is India. India is wonderful because of its abundant and affluent cultural heritage. The cultural heritage of India is prudential of its spiritual richness and classical creativity. Vedic literature is the most wonderful and unparallel literary creation of Ancient India. Vedic literature has made this country worthy of worship. Vedas are without beginning and without end. Veda is author-less. It is Apauruseya. They are considered to be the direct word of the Divine.  Vedic knowledge appeared in the dawn of the cosmos within the heart of Brahma. Brahma imparted this knowledge in the form of sound (Sabda) to his sons who are great sages. They transmitted the Vedic sound heard from Brahma to their disciples all over universe. There are four Vedas. They are the Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda and Atharva Veda.  Four Vedas contain four types of texts such as The Samhitas, The Arankayas, The Brahmanas and The Upanishads. Veda is accepted as a code of conduct to Sanatan Dharma. The teaching of Veda is the concept that the individual is not an independent entity, but, rather, a part of the Universal Consciousness.  Upanishads is the manifestation of Vedantic thought. Sada Darshan (Six Systems of Vedanta) is a very important part of Vedic philosophy.  Swami Nigamananda a great Master of Vedic Literature achieved Nirbikalpa Sidhi of Vedanta in the year 1904.  The philosophy of Vedanta is reflected in the creation of Swami Nigamananda. In his writings (Yogi Guru, Jnani Guru, Tantrik Guru, Premik Guru, Brahmacharya Sadhana and Vedanta Viveka) he has explained the main scriptures of Vedas such as The Upanishads, The Bramha Sutras and The Bhagavad Gita. His philosophy teaches us to love and live in a state of eternal freedom. The Philosophy of Swami Nigamananda is a synthesis of Sankar and Gouranga i.e. knowledge and love. Knowledge envisages the path of analysis and Love, the path of synthesis. In this way Nigamananda convincingly reconciled the two apparently contradictory creeds of Adi Shankaracharya and Gauranga Mohapravu. “He advised his disciples to combine Shankara’s view and Gournaga’s way and walk on this path of synthesis. In fact attainment of Jnana through Bhakti is the nucleus of his philosophy. Through his teachings and works, he proclaimed to the world the fundamental harmony of all religions that there are many paths which lead to the same goal”.

scholarly journals The New Reality of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis of New Normal Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-146
Author(s):  
Umme Sayeda
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Health ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The post-COVID-19 new normal will arise as a game-changer in the policy-making of the world states. Accordingly, this article highlights the post-pandemic Bangladesh that should integrate biology affirmatively in the policy development procedures to reshape the new normal challenges as opportunities. The grounded theory method is adopted as a quantitative analysis tool relying on the secondary sources of data to portray the significance of biopolitics as political rationality in new norm Bangladesh. The researcher has used the neo-realism approach to develop the ‘Biopolitical Rationale Theory’, which uncovers how evolving neo-realist security demands the prioritization of biopolitics in every sphere of decision making for governing the post-pandemic new standard of existence. The 2020 corona outbreak proved that human life and the environment are the ultimate means of survival rather than the traditional security arrangements and extreme economic growth which are inhumane (rationality of death and militarization), unhygienic, and destructive to the environment (exploitation of nature is profitable). The article recommends some alternative new normal policies such as non-discriminative health policy, bordering in line with International Health Regulations (IHR), digitalization with better cybersecurity, virtualization of the tourist industry (application of Extended Reality), application of Career Resilience (CR), and Strategic Flexibility Analysis tools in the re-employment and career development, greening the economy, special arrangements for emergency health crisis and undertaking actions considering the environment as a remedy rather than a crisis. The review research concludes that the inclusion of biopolitics in the Bangladesh governance system can redesign the challenges of new normal as new opportunities. But the reshaping of such a new reality will itself prevail as a considerable challenge for Bangladesh.

scholarly journals The Significance of “mushin”: The Essential Mind of Zen Buddhist Philosophy for Humans in a Contemporary World

Asian Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisaki HASHI
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Buddhist Philosophy ◽  
Digital Networks ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Zen Buddhist

In our time of an information highway, digital networks are linked around the clock. Among various data many people are unconsciously depending on IT and digital medias with their body––but without any mind. The human origin, its creative thinking and acting, transmitting one idea to another for reforming and developing something new has been quite forgotten. Against this omnipresent phenomenon the Zen Buddhist Philosophy of Mind shows a dynamic approach to re-create and re-construct a human life, accompanied by the unique concept of the absolute one, “mu” (無), mu-shin (無心), the mind of mu presents a dynamic unity in its flexible activity.

scholarly journals Manusia, Agama, dan Masyarakat: Suatu Wacana Menuju Dialog Multi-peradaban Global

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Togardo Siburian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Religious Study ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Social Politics ◽  
Two Dimension ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Innovative Concept

ABSTRACT: This article tries to foster a multi-civilization dialogue to religious society that faces humanity crisis due to extremism. Study through library research found that there is an axiom that religion and society is necessity in human life. In realty this two dimension is closely related and may resulted in sharp conflicts between culture and civilization. Inter-religious studies, including inter-religion dialogue, are developed to overcome these conflicts. Unfortunately the differences in comparative religious study are widened, although in the hazy form such as multi-culturalism ideas wich contain interreligious aspect. The ideas of multi-religionism in the intra and inter-religion dialogue become an important principe, since it looks upon One God as a source of religious existence in human. It is necessery to exceep the multi-religion principe wich deals with other factors such as race, culture, social, politics, economy, technology, and education of modern person. An innovative concept is neeeded that combines all existing elements in global multi-civilization dialogue, by considering global factors such as human rights, democracy, civil society, and world ethics. This universal multi-civilization concept can be declared as a discourse to overcome crises today comprehensively. KEYWORDS: human, society, inter-religion, global, civilization, dialogue, multi-civilization, present

scholarly journals MENJADI PENDIDIK YANG TERDIDIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Sumiati Sumiati
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Organizational Differences ◽  
Human Education

ABSTRAK Pendidikan merupakan suatu kegiatan yang universal dalam kehidupan manusia. Di manapun di dunia ini terdapat masyarakat manusia, dan di sana pula terjadi pendidikan. Walaupun pendidikan merupakan gejala umum dalam kehidupan masyarakat, namun perbedaan pandangan hidup, perbedaan falsafah hidup yang dianut oleh masing-masing bangsa atau masyarakat menyebabkan adanya perbedaan penyelenggaraan termasuk perbedaan tujuan pendidikan yang ingin dicapai oleh suatu bangsa atau masyarakat. Kegiatan pendidikan tidak dapat dilepaskan dari yang hendak dicapainya. Bagi manusia pendidikan merupakan suatu keharusan, karena manusia lahir dalam keadaan tidak berdaya, ia sangat membutuhkan bantuan dan bimbingan orang lain untuk dapat berdiri sendiri. Di samping itu manusia lahir tidak langsung dewasa yang mengidentifikasikan manusia dengan moral yang berlaku, dan manusia yang bertanggung jawab, manusia yang sanggup mempertanggungjawabkan segala konsekuensi dan perbuatannya. Oleh karena itu, perbuatan mendidik merupakan perbuatan yang mempunyai tujuan, ada suatu yang ingin dicapai dengan perbuatan tersebut. Orang tua menyuruh anaknya melaksanakan shalat lima waktu, melatih anaknya melaksanakan saum pada bulan ramadhan, melarang anaknya kencing di sembarang tempat dan sambil berdiri, menyekolahkan anaknya dan lain-lain, semuanya itu memiliki maksud dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai, khususnya bagi anaknya. Kata Kunci: Pendidik, Terdidik ABSTRACT Education is a universal activity in human life. Everywhere in the world there is human society, and there is also education. Although education is a common phenomenon in the life of the community, the differences in life views, differences in the philosophy of life adopted by individual nations or societies lead to different organizational differences, including differences in educational goals to be achieved by a nation or society. Educational activities cannot be separated from what they want to achieve. For human education is a must, because humans are born in a state of helpless, he urgently needs the help and guidance of others to be able to stand on their own. In addition man is born indirectly mature which identifies man with the prevailing morals, and responsible man, man who is able to account for all consequences and actions. Therefore, the act of educating is a purposeful act, there is something to be achieved with the action. Parents asked their children to perform the five daily prayers, to train their children to carry out fasting in Ramadan month, to forbid their children to urinate in any place and to stand up, send their children to school and others, all of which have a purpose and goal to be achieved, especially for their children. Keywords: Educator, Educated

Collections, local interactions, conservation and tourism aspects of monastic heritage sites in the Lake Tana region of Ethiopia: the case of Mandeba Medahinealem Monastery

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Genet ◽  
Marshet Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Rich

PurposeAlong with the varied values of heritages which are rationale for their safeguarding, sustainable conservation and tourism development have become central agendas in the field of heritage management in contemporary world. This study attempts to elaborate such interconnected issues at Mandeba Monastery, emphasizing not only cultural heritages but also mutually reflecting on natural features which are integral part of the monastery.Design/methodology/approachInterviewing and systematic observation alongside secondary sources were used to generate data which were analyzed thematically.FindingsBeing a site for incredible collections, Mandeba maintained a tradition of not only heritage conservation and benevolent communal interaction but also of ecological sustainability. The rich collections together with its spectacular location on the shore of Lake Tana enable Mandeba to have highly noticeable tourism potentials. However, Mandeba encounters such challenges as inadequate museum, safety and security problems, lack of sufficient budget, professional, parasitic animal damages, weak promotion and lack of tourist facilities which hamper both conservation and tourism development on the site, which need to be tackled for the overall improvement of the monastery.Originality/valueThis research is original, presenting the ground knowledge and practice regarding the relationship between heritage conservation on the one hand, and local livelihood, environmental management and tourism sustainability on the other hand, with regard to the immovable cultural/religious heritage site of Mandeba Medahinealem Monastery.

The Academic Study of French Civilization

PMLA ◽  
1915 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-628
Author(s):  
Albert Léon Guérard
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Automatic Adaptation ◽  
Academic Study

If history is to giv us a tru picture of human life in the past, it cannot limit itself to political events. The chief end of man never was to frame, uphold, and overthro governments, stil les to wage war and sign treaties. These ar accidents or epiphenomena. Man's primary concern is and was from the first his daily fight for existence, the necessity of getting food and shelter, the desire of getting them with a minimum of painful exertion. Man does not merely adapt himself to his surroundings: he attempts to alter his surroundings so as to suit himself. Thus he creates new conditions from which new problems arise. Human society groes ever farther away from that brutish state of automatic adaptation which poets call the Erthly Paradise. From the erliest stone implement to the aeroplane, from the first concerted hunt to the elaborate insurance system of the German Empire, we see the progres of this warfare against nature. The result of these efforts is what we understand by civilization.

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