scholarly journals ENZIMATIC HYDROLYSIS PROCESS FOR INCREASING GLUCOSE LEVELS FROM COCONUT HUSK WASTE

Author(s):  
Dwi Anna Anggorowati ◽  
Sriliani Sriliani ◽  
Anis Artiyani ◽  
Harimbi Setyawati ◽  
Kevin J

Coconut husk waste is waste that has not been used optimally, generally only as a craft material. Seeing the composition of coconut husk, it has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel, one of which is to produce bioethanol products. The purpose of this research was to utilize coconut husk waste as raw material for bioethanol production and to assess the effect of the number of enzymes and time of hydrolysis on the glucose levels produced. In this research, the authors focused on obtaining glucose levels from coconut husks by hydrolysis using cellulase enzymes with an activity of 700 EGU/g. The variations used in this research were the volume of cellulase enzymes (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) ml and the hydrolysis time (4, 8, 12) hours. After the coconut husk undergoes physical and chemical treatment using 10% NaOH, there is a decrease in lignin levels from 44% to 14% and there is an increase in cellulose levels from 24% to 38%, and the use of a cellulase enzyme volume of 2 ml with a hydrolysis time of 4 hours was more optimal with a glucose level of 0.32%.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Putra Oktavianto ◽  
Risdiyana Setiawan ◽  
Ilhami Ariyanti ◽  
Muhammad Fadhil Jamil

BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM COCONUT HUSK USING the WET GAMMA IRRADIATION METHOD. The use of coconut husk has only been used as a material for making handicrafts such as ropes, brooms, mats, and others or just burned. The combustion of coconut husk can cause air pollution. In fact, coconut husk can be used as a raw material for bioethanol production so that the beneficial value of coconut husk will also increase. One way of bioethanol production from coconut husk is by irradiating the coconut husk. The coconut husk irradiation technique to be carried out in this study is the wet irradiation technique. Wet irradiation is carried out to accelerate the process of bioethanol production because at the time of irradiation, cellulose has been hydrolyzed and glucose has been formed so that it is more efficient in time and use of the material so that the cellulose hydrolysis process is not necessary. The coconut husk samples were wet because they were mixed with 4% NaOH and were irradiated using a gamma irradiator from STTN-BATAN Yogyakarta with a dose of 30 kGy and 50 kGy and 0 kGy (or without irradiation). Then the sample is fermented with the fungus Saccharomyces Cerevisiae from tape yeast to form ethanol. Ethanol is purified and then analyzed for concentrations using pycnometric and refractometric methods. The result is that the highest ethanol content is without irradiation (0 kGy), this is due to the low dosage used. However, the main point in this wet method research is evidence of hydrolysis of cellulose by the formation of gluoxane after irradiated wet coconut husk, and with Fehling A and B analysis, brown deposits are seen proving that glucose has been formed.


WARTA AKAB ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imas Solihat ◽  
Sri Redjeki Setyawati

The process of making bioethanol from Bintaro seeds (CERBERA manghas Lin.) has been carried out with a hydrolysis process through a sulfuric acid catalyst at a temperature of 60oC for 30 minutes and fermentation using yeast. Obtained glucose levels of 1.43% with 1.0 M sulfuric acid catalyst. For 30 minutes of hydrolysis time, a glucose level of 8.8% was obtained after the Bintaro seeds were fermented. Fermentation time for 5 days at a temperatur 100oC gives the ethanol content of 0.17%.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Sari

Elephant grass is available continuously and in abundance, but has only been utilized as animal feed, and is sometimes regarded as a nuisance. However, elephant grass contains cellulose, glucose and starch that can be utilized as raw materials for ethanol production. The concentration of ethanol obtained from a study on the production of bioethanol from elephant grass was between 7-11%. To improve the purity of the ethanol, a batch distillation separation process was performed.  In the study of bioethanol production from elephant grass, a hydrolysis process was performed at the following fixed condition 30 oC temperature, 7 liter of water, 1 hour of hydrolysis time, while the following variables were changed fermentation period of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 days, and starter concentration of 8, 10, and 12%. From the bioethanol production study, the following best condition was obtained: 200 gram of grass, 10% Saccharomyces cerevisiae starter for 6 days. This condition produced 27.71% ethanol, with a 8.09% residual glucose. To obtain a higher purity ethanol product, a subsequent separation using batch distillation was performed, resulting in 90-95% ethanol. Therefore, elephant grass can be used as an alternative raw material for bioethanol production.Keywords: bioethanol, fermentation, hydrolysis, elephant grass Abstrak Ketersediaan rumput gajah dapat diperoleh secara kontinu dan melimpah, seringkali hanya digunakan sebagai makanan ternak, dan terkadang rumput gajah juga dianggap sebagai tanaman pengganggu. Rumput gajah mempunyai kadar selulosa, glukosa, pati yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan penghasil etanol. Kadar etanol yang diperoleh dari kajian produksi bioetanol dari rumput gajah antara 7-11%. Untuk meningkatkan kemurnian kadar etanol dilakukan pemisahan menggunakan distilasi batch. Dalam penelitian kajian produksi bioetanol dari rumput gajah dilakukan proses hidrolisis pada kondisi tetap suhu 30 oC, air 7 liter, waktu hidrolisis 1 jam, dan kondisi berubah yaitu berat rumput gajah 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, dan 300 gram, volume larutan HCl 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mL. Kemudian dilanjutkan proses fermentasi pada kondisi tetap suhu 30 oC, pH 4,5, volume fermentasi 500 mL dan kondisi berubah yaitu waktu fermentasi 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 hari, dan starter 8, 10, dan 12%. Dari penelitian kajian produksi bioetanol dari rumput gajah diperoleh hasil terbaik  yaitu: berat rumput gajah 200 gram, starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae 10% selama 6 hari, menghasilkan etanol sebesar 27,71% dan kadar glukosa sisa 8,09%. Untuk memperoleh produk etanol yang lebih murni dilakukan proses pemisahan lanjutan dengan distilasi batch, setelah dilakukan pemisahan lanjut diperoleh kadar etanol 90–95%, sehingga  rumput gajah dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku alternatif pembuatan bioetanol.Kata Kunci: bioetanol, fermentasi, hidrolisis, rumput gajah.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Fitriani Kasim ◽  
Khaswar Syamsu ◽  
Dwi Setyaningsih ◽  
Prayoga Suryadarma ◽  
Sudirman Sudirman

THE EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT OF MICROWAVE HEATING ON EFFICIENCY OF HYDROLYSIS TIME AND α-CELLULOSIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PALM OIL WASTE BIOMASS. This research is underlied by the needs of various industries for alpha cellulose, especially for the needs of raw material for cellulose nanocristalline, from fiber derived from the most potential waste biomass in Indonesia, namely oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and mesocarp fibers. This study aims to find out the effect of pretreatment by microwave heating on the efficiency of hydrolysis time and alpha cellulose characteristics from palm oil waste biomass. To produce alpha cellulose, acid hydrolysis is commonly used with the multistage pulping process method, where the fiber is dissolved into HNO3 mixed acid, 3.5% and NaNO2, heated at a temperature of 90 oC for 2 hours, hydrolyzed and delignified to remove lignin and bleached, then separated from betha and gamma cellulose by dissolving it with NaOH 17.5%. In this study, a preliminary treatment (pretreatment) with microwave heating was carried out before the fiber was hydrolyzed so that the hydrolysis process was more efficient without reducing the characteristics of the alpha cellulose produced. The research results showed that pretreatment with microwave heating can streamline the hydrolysis time from 2 hours to 1 hour, without reducing its characteristics, where the degree of fiber crystallinity (XRD) and the yield of alpha cellulose remain high. Microwave heating with 450 watts for 5 minutes (treatment A) is better than 300 watts of heating for 10 minutes (treatment B). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the pretreatment with microwave heating can streamline the hydrolysis time of the fiber to obtain alpha cellulose and increase the yield of the produced alpha cellulose.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
RTM Sutamihardja ◽  
Nia Yuliani ◽  
Hana Laelasari ◽  
Devy Susanty

Acid Hydrolysis on The Starch Flour of white sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Making of Liquid SugarNational sugar needs for both direct consumption and for industrial needs will continue to increase as the population increases. According to Dirjenbun, in 2014 the national sugar demand reaches 5.7 million tons. Consisting of 2.8 million tons of white crystalline sugar for direct community consumption and 2.9 million tons of refined crystal sugar to meet industrial needs. White sweet potato can be used as raw material for making liquid glucose through hydrolysis process with acid (HCl). The preparation of liquid glucose consists of two stages: gelatinization stage and hydrolysis stage. Optimum hydrolysis was determined by variations in HCl concentration of 0.25; 0.5; and 0.75 N and time variations of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The yield of sweet potato starch was 28.82% and the highest yield of hydrolysis result of white sweet potato starch was 94.07% at acid concentration 0.75 N with hydrolysis time 90 minutes.Keywords: white sweet potato, Flour of white sweet potato, liquid sugar, acid hydrolysisABSTRAKKebutuhan gula nasional baik untuk konsumsi langsung maupun untuk kebutuhan industri akan terus meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk. Menurut Dirjenbun, pada tahun 2014 kebutuhan gula nasional mencapai 5,7 juta ton yang terdiri dari 2,8 juta ton gula kristal putih untuk konsumsi masyarakat langsung dan 2,9 juta ton gula kristal rafinasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri. Ubi jalar putih dapat dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan glukosa cair melalui proses hidrolisis dengan asam (HCl). Pembuatan glukosa cair terdiri dari dua tahap yaitu tahap gelatinisasi dan tahap hidrolisis. Hidrolisis optimum ditentukan dengan variasi konsentrasi HCl yaitu 0,25; 0,5; dan 0,75 N dan variasi waktu 30, 60, dan 90 menit. Rendemen pati ubi jalar didapatkan sebesar 28,82% dan rendemen glukosa tertinggi hasil hidrolisis pati ubi jalar putih sebesar 94,07% pada konsentrasi asam 0,75 N dengan waktu hidrolisis 90 menit.Kata kunci: Ubi jalar putih, Tepung Pati Ubi Jalar Putih, Gula cair, hidrolisis asam


EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Diana Susanti

<p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>Pineapple skin is an agricultural waste that has a carbohydrate content of about 10:54% and the skin of pineapple juice glucose levels by 17% so it can be utilized to ethanol. Hydrolysis reaction is so slow that the reaction requires a catalyst. The catalyst used in this study were hydrochloric acid (HCl). This study aims to Learn how to use the skin of pineapple waste as alternative raw material manufacture bioethanol. The variables studied were the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the hydrolysis and fermentation time. Sorghum starch hydrolysis process using a three neck flask equipment, mercury stirrer, heating mantle, cooling behind and a thermometer to measure temperature. Sampling for glucose analysis performed when the temperature reaches 100<sup>o</sup>C every 45 minutes to obtain optimum glucose levels. Glucose samples were analyzed by using the Lane-Eynon. Data analysis showed the longer the higher the hydrolysis of the resulting glucose levels, but there are times when the glucose level will drop over time for glucose resulting damage due to continuous heating. In the fermentation process is carried out with fermentation time of 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 120 hours fiber. The most optimum bacterial activity is a long fermentation for 96 hours. Distillation process carried out on the final results of ethanol fermentation and obtained the highest levels of 31.399%.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> : Pineapple skin, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, ethanol.</em></p><p> </p>


Author(s):  
Tiska Oktavianis ◽  
Sofiyanita Sofiyanita

Cocoa fruit skin is one of the agricultural wastes can be used as raw material for bioethanol production. Because the cocoa fruit waste containing 39.45% crude fiber and 3.92% glucose. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of optimization of yeast and fermentation time to produce maximum ethanol content. In this study the hydrolysis process cocoa leather is done using fungi Trichoderma viride and fermentation process using yeast Saccharomyses cerevisiae. While for bioethanol concentration measurements performed using vinometer. The results showed that bioethanol fermentation time for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days using yeast levels 2, 4, 6 and 8 grams produce maximum ethanol fermentation at 3 days and 6 grams yeast levels. Produced a maximum ethanol content of 12%.


Konversi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Rima Nurul Hidayati ◽  
Parsiah Qudsi ◽  
Doni Rahmat Wicakso

Abstrak- Sampah buah-buahan merupakan bahan baku yang sangat berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol karena mengandung gula dan pati. Ada tiga tahap dalam proses pembuatan bioetanol yaitu hidrolisis, fermentasi, dan pemurnian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses hidrolisis enzimatis dari sampah buah dalam rangka produksi bioetanol, mempelajari pengaruh suhu pada kinerja enzim alpha amilase terhadap kadar gula yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis enzimatis, dan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan enzim gluko amilase terhadap kadar gula yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis enzimatis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap. Pertama, analisis bahan baku yaitu menghitung kadar airnya dengan memanaskan sampel menngunakan oven pada suhu 100°C selama 1 jam berulang-ulang sampai beratnya konstan kemudian menganalisis kadar pati yang terkandung dalam sampah buah-buahan dengan metode Luff Schoorl. Kedua, menghidrolisis 60 g sampah buah dan 1 mL enzim alpha amilase dalam 400 mL air selama 1 jam selanjutnya proses sacharifikasi pada suhu 55°C selama ½ jam. Ketiga, menganalisis kadar gula hasil hidrolisis dengan cara menitrasi terhadap fehling A dan B yang sudah distandarisasi sebelumnya sampai terbentuk endapan merah bata. Proses hidrolisis enzimatis pada sampah buah-buahan dilakukan dengan dua langkah yaitu proses gelatinasi dan proses sakarifikasi. Pada proses gelatinasi, enzim alpha amilase bekerja maksimal pada suhu 95°C. Hidrolisis enzimatis dari 60 g sampah buah-buahan, 400 mL aquadest, 1 mL alpha amilase pada suhu 95°C menghasilkan konsentrasi gula optimum dengan penambahan 6 mL gluko amilase pada suhu 55°C. Kata kunci: alpha amilase, gluko amilase, proses sakarifikasi. Abstract- Fruits garbage is very potential raw material to produce bioethanol because containing sugar and starch. There is three step in bioethanol making process,  first hydrolysis, then fermentation and the last purification. The research objective was to learn enzymatic hydrolysis process from fruits garbage in order to bioethanol production, learning the temperature influence to alpha amylase enzyme performance toward sugar rate yielded from enzymatic hydrolysis and learning influence gluco amylase enzyme addition toward sugar rate yielded from enzymatic hydrolysis. The research was run with some step. First, analysis the raw material that was calculating its water contents by heating the sample used oven at temperature 100oC during 1 hour, then repeating until weight constant, then analysing the strach rate which contain in fruits garbage by luff schoorl method. Second, hydrolysing 60 g of fruits garbage and 1 mL of alpha amylase enzyme in 400 mL aquadest during 1 hour, then sacharification process at temperatur 55oC during ½ hour. Third analysing sugar rate from hydrolysis yielded with titration method toward fehling A and B which has been standaritation, till formed a sorrel sediment. Enzymatic hydrolysis process from fruits garbage was run with two step, there is gelatination process and sacarification process.  In gelatination process, alpha amylase enzyme is work maximal at temperature 95oC. Enzymatic hydrolysis from 60 g of fruits garbage, 400 mL of aquadest, 1 mL of alpha amylase at temperature 95oC yielding optimum sugar rate by addition 6 mL of gluco amylase at temperature 55oC.  Keywords: alpha amylase, gluco amylase, sacharification process


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Tony Handoko ◽  
G Suhandjaja ◽  
H Muljana

Cellulose Fiber Hydrolysis of Bintaro Fruit as Bioetanol Raw Material Sea mango Cerbera odollam) is commonly planted to provide shade on roadsides. It can grow in an extreme environment and is easily found throughout Indonesia. The fruit will change its color after being peeled which indicates glucose content. It shows that the fruit has a value as a source for bioethanol production. The purposes of this research were to determine the optimum hydrolysis time and substrate concentration and the contents of lignin and cellulose. The benefits of this research were information about cellulose and lignin contents, optimum time and substrate concentration in enzyme hydrolysis, and an alternative utilization of sea mango as a prospective source in bioethanol production. The research methods consists of analyzing cellulose and lignin contents, determining the dilution of enzyme solution, the optimum time and the optimum substrate concentration in enzyme hydrolysis. Cellusoft L was used in hydrolysis with 5 g/L buffer concentration. The result showed that diluting enzyme solution would reduce the yield of glucose. The optimum time for enzyme hydrolysis is 72 hours and the optimum substrate concentration is 80 g/L. Cellulose and lignin contents are 36.945% and 38% respectively. Keywords: bioethanol, cellulose, enzyme hydrolysis, sea mango (Cerbera odollam)AbstrakPohon bintaro (Cerbera odollam) merupakan tanaman yang sering digunakan sebagai tanaman peneduh. Tanaman ini dapat tumbuh di lingkungan ekstrim dan banyak tersebar di Indonesia. Buah bintaro yang telah dikupas akan mengalami perubahan warna menjadi coklat yang menunjukkan adanya kandungan glukosa, yang berarti memiliki potensi sebagai sumber bioetanol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui waktu dan konsentrasi substrat optimum yang memberikan perolehan glukosa tertinggi dan banyaknya kandungan selulosa dan lignin dalam buah bintaro. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan data kandungan selulosa dan lignin buah bintaro dan menambah pengetahuan berkaitan dengan proses hidrolisis enzim buah bintaro, berupa waktu hidrolisis optimum enzim dan konsentrasi substrat optimum, serta memberikan alternatif pemanfaatan buah bintaro sebagai salah satu bahan baku yang berprospek dalam pembuatan bioetanol. Metode penelitian terdiri dari penentuan kandungan selulosa dan lignin, penentuan pengenceran larutan enzim, waktu optimum dan konsentrasi substrat optimum dalam hidrolisis enzim. Hidrolisis menggunakan enzim Cellusoft L dengan konsentrasi 5 g/L buffer sitrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengenceran larutan enzim saat hidrolisis enzim akan mengurangi perolehan glukosa. Waktu hidrolisis optimum enzim buah bintaro adalah 72 jam dan konsentrasi substrat optimum adalah 80 g/L. Kandungan selulosa dan lignin buah bintaro berturut-turut adalah 36,945% dan 38%.Kata kunci: bioetanol, buah bintaro (Cerbera odollam), hidrolisis enzim, selulosa


2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Anis Kristiani ◽  
Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring ◽  
Haznan Abimanyu ◽  
Fauzan Aulia

Lignocellulosic biomass which are frond and empty fruit bunches (EFB) is second generation raw material for ethanol production. Lignocellulose usage is expected to create a green process. Utilization of lignocellulose materials into ethanol involved four main processes, i.e pretreatment, hydrolysis/sacharification, fermentation, distillation and dehydration ethanol that was product. This research aims to optimize hydrolysis process of EFB and frond by using sulfated zirconia catalyst characterized its physical and chemical properties as a solid acid catalyst. Catalytic hydrolysis process conducted at 160 DCfor 3 hours gave the highest TRS (Total Reducing Sugar) which is 17,51 % for EFB while for frondfor 2 hours which is 19,23 % .Keyword: Hydrolysis, solid acid catalyst, lignocellulose, frond, EFB, sulfated zirconia


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document