A DESIGN OF PORTABLE MINI SOLAR PANEL COMBINED WITH MICRO HYDROPOWER SYSTEM FOR POWER GENERATION

Traditionally, power systems are built to take energy from high-voltage levels and distribute it to lower-voltage networks. Transmission networks are connected to major generating units. However, there will be an excessive number of tiny generators connected to distribution networks in the future. The portable power production system is mostly responsible for the excessive energy delivered, particularly when the user is experiencing a breakdown (function). The loss of integrity, as well as the breakdown and failure of electrical power transmission systems, appears to be an issue rooted (problem statement) in the highly practical and applied domains of electrical and power engineering. The objective of this project is to design and construct a portable power production system that uses renewable energy. The research also aims to determine the maximum and sufficient power consumption from solar energy and micro-hydropower systems in order to provide adequate energy for the space in the event of a power fail. The data for this study was collected using a Digital Multimeter, which was used to measure the resistance (R), voltage (V), current (A), and power (W). The results of the test reveal that the portable power production based on renewable energy has enough capacity to create electricity during a power failure as well as provide adequate loads such as LED lights, mini fans, and phone chargers. This study can also be improved by creating a higher-voltage micro turbine motor and a higher-voltage solar panel for the solar system to increase the operation time.

PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOCLAVE REACTOR AGITATOR

Machines are an important factor in the industrial world to produce a product in a company. PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the food industry for sweeteners processed from tapioca flour and corn flour where, through research observations, data is obtained that there are problems that are often faced such as damage to the Agitator Autoclave machine, unavailability of spare parts ( spare parts) needed when there is a breakdown and a breakdown schedule for maintenance workers who have to work overtime. The purpose of this study is to determine the current condition of machine maintenance to reduce damage or failures, the level of machine effectiveness and provide alternative solutions to increase machine effectiveness. The research method used is quantitative using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) method, Six Big Losses, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. The results of the study resulted in an Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) value of 75.07%. The low OEE value on the Agitator Autoclave machine is due to the low performance factor because the engine speed does not match its ideal speed and also the low idle and minor losses in the losses factor caused by frequent breakdowns. Suggestions and suggestions that can be recommended are to periodically evaluate machines and replace old machines.

PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL USING SIX SIGMA (DMAIC) METHODS TO MINIMIZE WAST IN BIMA MANDIRI CIGARETTE COMPANY REMBANG, PASURUAN REGENCY

Quality is a key to be able to compete in the industrial world [16. Quality control is needed to reduce the number of defective products produced by the company, thus reducing losses experienced by the company. The Bima Mandiri Rembang Pasuruan cigarette company is a company that produces cigarettes, one of which is INNO cigarettes. The number of defective products produced by the company so that the company must make an increase in quality by using a method to reduce the number of defects that occur. The number of defective products causes the company to suffer losses. For that, we need a method that can reduce cigarette defective products which in turn can improve the quality of the company's production[12]. Six Sigma with the DMAIC stage (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) is a method used in this research. Based on these steps, defects that often occur are less dense cigarettes as many as 289 sticks with a percentage of 25%, tearing on the cigarettes as many as 227 cigarettes with a percentage of 20% and peeling cigarettes as many as 208 sticks with a percentage of 18%. Factors that cause defects include humans, machines, methods and materials. After calculating using the Six Sigma method, before the improvement, the DPMO value is 113988.1 and the Sigma Level value is 2.722. After the improvements were made, the DPMO value decreased to 76488.1 and the Sigma Level was 2.94715. To achieve the six sigma target, the company is expected to be able to carry out improvements with a focus on the factors that cause product defects and always carry out regular control to reduce product defects. The corrective steps taken in the Bima Mandiri Rembang Pasuruan Regency cigarette company are human: regular training for machine operators and employees; methods: inspection of raw materials, blending machines and glue residue in the teat; engine: inspection of engine components; material: reprocessing less refined raw materials and using better quality glue.

ENZIMATIC HYDROLYSIS PROCESS FOR INCREASING GLUCOSE LEVELS FROM COCONUT HUSK WASTE

Coconut husk waste is waste that has not been used optimally, generally only as a craft material. Seeing the composition of coconut husk, it has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel, one of which is to produce bioethanol products. The purpose of this research was to utilize coconut husk waste as raw material for bioethanol production and to assess the effect of the number of enzymes and time of hydrolysis on the glucose levels produced. In this research, the authors focused on obtaining glucose levels from coconut husks by hydrolysis using cellulase enzymes with an activity of 700 EGU/g. The variations used in this research were the volume of cellulase enzymes (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) ml and the hydrolysis time (4, 8, 12) hours. After the coconut husk undergoes physical and chemical treatment using 10% NaOH, there is a decrease in lignin levels from 44% to 14% and there is an increase in cellulose levels from 24% to 38%, and the use of a cellulase enzyme volume of 2 ml with a hydrolysis time of 4 hours was more optimal with a glucose level of 0.32%.

ADDITION OF MAGNESIUM (Mg) WITH ALUMINA (AL2O3) REINFORCER IN ALUMINUM MATERIAL COMPOSITES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICRO STRUCTURES

Aluminum is a widely used and applied material in daily life or in the industrial and automotive world. In order to improve the performance and properties of the application to be used, it needed an alloying element to improve the mechanical properties of the aluminum. Aluminum Matrix Composite (AMC) or better known as aluminum matrix composite is one type of material that has great potential to be developed, due to its good combination and properties such as high strength and hardness, low density, low density, capable of good machining, and its basic ingredients are easily found on the market and cheaper than other materials. This research was conducted using the stir casting process to be able to mix all the compositions contained in aluminum matrix composites and to help the distribution of alumina reinforcing particles (Al2O3) and aluminum matrices be evenly distributed. The parameters used in this casting process are varying the volume fraction of the Al2O3 amplifier by 0.5%; 1.5% and 2.5% plus the magnesium content remains 0.9%. The results showed that the addition of Al2O3 can increase the value of hardness and reduce the value of tensile strength. The highest hardness value was 75.3 HRB at the addition of Al2O3 by 2.5% and the lowest tensile strength value was 7.17 Kgf / mm2 with the percentage of Al2O3 addition of 0.5%.

FACTORS AFFECTING PARTICIPATION IN A COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAM: PADANG CITY-WEST SUMATRA'S EXPERIENCE

Improving the quality of life of a community or an individual is an important aspect for society. This can be achieved in a number of ways that involve the participation of a number of parties. One way is through a community-based sanitation program (SANIMAS). However, community participation is another challenge that we should consider in order to ensure the success of promoting participation in a community-based program as one of the ways to improve the quality of life of society as a whole. The aim of present study is therefore to identify factors influencing community participation in a SANIMAS program. Community participation was measured in the form of frequency and quantitative descriptive distribution on the basis of the Likert scale. Findings discusses a number of internal and external factors related to community participation in the SANIMAS program. It contributes to the current literature review of various internal and external factors that promote the participation of the community in improving their quality of life. This study may be used as a reference for the Government and may be established at other locations for the development of environmental infrastructure in the context of the participation of the urban community.

THE DESIGN OF WORK FACILITIES BASED ON WORKERS POSTURE ANALYSIS IN TOFU PRODUCTION MSME

Work facilities following the user's needs are critical because they support the production process for increased productivity. Currently, the tofu production process at Mr Samingin's MSMEs uses manual equipment to feel pain in their body parts when doing work every day. Making tofu begins with washing the soybeans thoroughly, then soaking the soybeans in water for 2 to 3 hours. Sometimes, it needs 7 hours, depending on the type of soybeans. In this soaking process, the soybeans will expand and then cleaned again by washing them several times. The next step is to grind the soybeans into powder with a grinding machine then boiled them. Then, filter the soybean porridge with a cloth to separate the pulp to be processed and the rest of the cooking water. This stage is very tiring as it is done manually by filtering in a shake. In addition, in the process of pressing tofu, there is a lack of attention to workers' work posture, which will impact work-related pain, especially if it is done monotonously and repeatedly. This study used the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) analysis method as a guide in designing tofu screening work facilities. It is expected that improvements to work facilities can increase worker productivity at tofu production MSME.

EFFECT OF ELECTRODE DISTANCE AND VOLTAGE ON CR, COD, and TSS REDUCTION IN WASTE WATER TANNING INDUSTRY USING ELECTROCOAGULATOR BATCH

Wastewater from the tanning industry has relatively high Cr, COD, and TSS metal pollutants. According to the regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014 concerning the quality standard of wastewater for industrial activities, the standard quality value is 0.6 mg/L of Cr, 110 mg/L of COD, and 60 mg/L of TSS. This research aimed to determine the effect of electrode distance and voltage on reducing Cr, COD, and TSS levels in the wastewater from the tanning industry using batch electrocoagulation. The electrocoagulation method used in this research with fixed variables was the number of 2 plate electrodes and the changing variables; it was the distance between the electrodes (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 cm) and the electric voltage (3, 6 and 9 volts). The research was conducted on a laboratory scale in batches with a capacity of 10 litres. The electrodes used were aluminium (Al) as the anode and the cathode in plates. The analysis showed that the highest percentage reduction in COD reached 88.8889% and the highest Cr reached 83.4712% occurred at a distance of 2 cm with 9 volts voltage, the highest percentage reduction in TSS reached 85.0746% with a distance of 3 cm with 9 volts voltage. From the results of this research, it could be concluded that the electrocoagulation method in the batch electrocoagulator was efficient enough to reduce the levels of Cr, COD, and TSS with variable electrode distance and electric voltage.

INFILTRATION WELLS ALTERNATIVES TO REDUCE WATER PUDDLE IN LOWOKWARU DISTRICT, MALANG CITY

Surface waters give a plentiful supply of waters ready to be utilized for residence, farmland, fishery, industry, and electric generating machine, and most importantly, to deal with the problem of water scarcity (crisis). Rain is one of the hydrological cycles that help to preserve groundwater (shallow groundwater). During the rainy season, most waters go directly to the river and the sea without processing, creating inundations and flood in some places. Water resources, however, begin to lose their supporting capacity. Water supply is no longer balanced with the demand that starts to bulge up excessively. This disrupted balance is indicated by many critical lands that are less productive and incapable of absorbing waters to the ground. Considering this outline, the implementation of environmentally friendly infiltration wells can be a strategic option to solve the water balance issue. Some alternatives of infiltration wells are proposed as the solution to the problem that this research deals with. It is estimated that these wells can reduce 10%-15% of surface runoff rate in Lowokwaru District of Malang City, especially around Soekarno-Hatta Street that always leaves massive water puddle, especially during the rainy season. This research gives the relevant institutions and user community information about drainage construction, drainage network, and land use above drainage network. Through this information, it is expected that the follow-up can be given efficiently to produce an optimum and effective drainage network. Community participation, therefore, is needed to maintain the benefits of alternative infiltration wells to ensure their sustainability in the future.

ANALYSIS OF MUSCULOSCKELETAL COMPLAINTS DISORDERED WITH REBA METHOD AND RULA METHOD

Class furniture, namely tables and chairs, are significant physical facilities because the furniture is used for teaching and learning activities. Pain in the neck, waist, right upper arm, right forearm and right wrist during the learning process due to non-ergonomic facilities. Therefore, this research aims to minimize the complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorder with the Ergonomic Learning Chair. In this study, descriptive research with the REBA method and the RULA method was used. With the REBA method, the final score obtained in Group C is 8, then this value is entered at Action Level 3, after which researchers can only find out that the student's body posture level is in the High category so that action is needed immediately. With the RULA method, the student's body activity results are at a Group C score of 7. The value is entered for Action Level 4 so that the student's posture is in the dangerous category for safety, health and comfort. Therefore, action is needed now to overcome this problem with the suggestion manufacture of Ergonomic Study Chair. From the results of the chair use test design analysis by distributing questionnaires to 35 students as a sample, it was found that there was a decrease in complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorder in the student body. With the contribution of the study table, it can be adjusted up and down (adjustable) to make the chair more comfortable.