SEROPREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B IN PATIENTS ADMITTED IN SURGICAL UNITS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL OF SEMI URBAN SETUP.

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-67
Author(s):  
Sriushaswini B ◽  
Bandaru Narasinga Rao ◽  
Perala Bala Murali Krishna ◽  
N.Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Rapid Screening Test

BACKGROUND: st st This was a prospective observational study carried over a period of one years(1 . Jan 2019 to 31 . Dec 2019).The aim of this study was screening of Hepatitis B infection in patients admitted to undergo selective/emergency surgery in order to provide both preventive and treatment services and to reduce the transmission to the attending healthcare workers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients dated for elective surgery were taken up for this study. These patients were screened for HBsAg using a commercial rapid screening test kit of lateral ow immunochromatographic method. RESULTS:In our Study we have found that the prevalence of HBVinfection was 1.23%. The male female ratio was 1.3:1. Males are more infected than females. Patients in 20-39 years age group showed highest positivity (1.99%) and least (1.00%) in ≥ 60 years. CONCLUSION: For all surgical procedures, routine pre-operative screening has been recommended for HBV. We therefore recommend screening for hepatitis B infection for all patients who are undergoing surgical procedures to reduce the risk of infection to the surgical team so sas to reduce the prevalence rate in a developing country like India.

scholarly journals Seasonal Evaluation of Antigenic Bacterial Infections Among Working Class in the Inner City of Houston

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 778-784
Author(s):  
Ebere C. Anyanwu ◽  
Mohammed Morad ◽  
Andrew W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Patients At Risk

This paper evaluates the monthly, quarterly, and seasonal variation of antigenic bacterial infections among the working class in the inner city of Houston using the Wellcogen Rapid Test methods. One of the aims was to demonstrate how this method could be used effectively in screening patients at risk and preventing the spread of antigenic bacteria such asStreptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzaeb,Streptococcus(Strep b), andNeisseria meningitidis(mainly group c and b). A total of 2,837 patients were screened for bacterial infections; 908 (32%) were male and 1,929 (68%) were female. The age range was between 2 and 70 years. Of the total group, 356 (12.5%) patients were positive; 203 (57%) were female while 153 (43%) were male (male/female ratio of 1:1.3). Medically underserved and immune suppressed populations are the most affected by these bacterial infections. Blacks are the most affected (48%) compared to Native Americans (1%), but children under 10 years of age have the highest incidence. This research showed, in addition, that the Wellcogen Rapid Tests are effective (356 cases identified) for a rapid screening of infectious bacteria. Explanation for these results was probably due to poor living conditions, poor hygiene, and viral immune suppression in adults and immature immune systems in neonates and children under 10 years of age.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Outcomes of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: Yemen Cohort Retrospective Descriptive Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayada Faisal Nabih ◽  
Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh ◽  
Amrizal Muhammad Nur
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIn 2007, HIV treatment services were established in five main governorates out of twenty-two which resulted in low access to services and poor treatment outcomes. The main goal of this study was to evaluate and analyse the selected treatment outcomes of eight cohorts of PLHIV who were treated with cART during 2007–2014. The method used was a retrospective descriptive study of 1,703 PLHIV who initiated cART at five public health facilities. The results: Retention rate was less than 80%, male: female ratio 1.661, with a mean age of 35 years (±9.2 SD), 85% had been infected with HIV via heterosexual contact. 65% of patients presented with clinical stages 3 and 4, and 52% of them were initiated cART at a CD4 T-cell count ≤200 cells/mm. 61% of cART included Tenofovir and Efavirenz. TB treatment started for 5% of PLHIV, and 22% developed HIV-related clinical manifestations after cART initiation. 67% of PLHIV had experienced cART substitution. The mean AIDS-mortality rate was 15% and the mean LTFU rate was 16%. Conclusion: Although cART showed effectiveness in public health, mobilization of resources and formulation of better health policies are important steps toward improving access to cART and achieving the desired treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Molecular Comparison of Screening Technique for Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Blood Donors in Ibadan, South West, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Buhari Olusegun Anthony ◽  
Azeez Ikimot Adesola ◽  
Owolabi Shola Lawrence ◽  
Boyejo Ayodeji ◽  
Issah Aishat Oluwatosin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
South West ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Rapid Screening Test ◽  
Molecular Comparison

Hepatitis B infection has been a great threat to transfusion medicine and public medicine, especially Nigeria where approximately 18 million Nigerians are chronic carriers. The blood donors in Ibadan are routinely screened with rapid technique or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), there is paucity of information on the use of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR) for the detection of Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for the screening of blood donors. This study was aimed at carrying out molecular comparison of the screening techniques for the detection of HBV infection among blood donors in Ibadan, South West, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 150 potential blood donors at the blood bank, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Rapid immune-chromatographic technique and nested PCR using primer SF, 979 and MF specific for DNA polymerase genome was used to screen the serum of the blood donors. Processing and analysis of data were performed using IBM statistical package for social sciences (IBM SPSS version 21.0 computer software). Descriptive statistics were presented using chart and tables while statistical significance was taken as P<0.05 The Rapid Screening test showed that 16 (10.7%) of the blood donors were positive while 134 (89.3%) were negative. The molecular detection of the Hepatitis B virus-DNA using nested PCR showed that 7 (4.7%) of the blood donors were positive while 143 (95.3%) were negative. It was also observed that 5 (71.4%) out of the 16 donors (10.7%) captured by the rapid screening were also detected by the Nested PCR, while the remaining 2 (28.6%) detected by the PCR were negative with the Rapid Screening test. The age range of 30 to 39 years and 40 to 49 years had the higher rate of infection 42.9% respectively. Result of the effects of different risk factors generated with the aid of questionnaire reflected that multiple sex partner have the highest prevalence of 16.7% compared to other risk factors In conclusion, the detection of HBV-DNA using nested PCR among blood donors that was positive in Ibadan South West, Nigeria has public health implication for prevention of Hepatitis B virus and this confirms the practice of improper screening of blood before transfusion. Nested PCR techniques helps in early detection of hepatitis B virus DNA among blood donors, due to its high specificity and sensitivity than Rapid technique hence it serves as a confirmatory technique.

Hepatitis B sero-prevalence among blood donors in Haryana: a retrospective record based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3827
Author(s):  
P. K. Sehgal ◽  
Anubha Garg
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
North India ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Test Kit

Background: In India, it is mandatory to screen blood donors for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and malaria. Hepatitis B is a major public health problem worldwide. Approximately 30% of the world’s population or about 2 billion persons have serological evidence of either current or past infection with hepatitis B virus. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection in India ranges from 2% to 10% as shown by different studies. India therefore comes under the intermediate to high endemicity category. The objective of this study was to carry out with the aim to find out the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B infection and its trend among the blood donors a hospital based blood transfusion service set up in north India over a period of seven years.Methods: It was record based retrospective study from 2007 to 2013. Before donation "Blood Donation Form" had been filled by every donor and this form had particulars about age, gender, address, and occupation, date of previous donation, any illness and medical treatment taken. The donor blood samples were collected at the time of blood donation from the primary bag and HbsAg screening was done using rapid test kit based on the principle of a one-step immunoassay. Samples showing repeat test reactivity on both methods were considered positive and were included for calculation of seroprevalence.Results: A prevalence of 01.13% of hepatitis B infection was seen among the donors from the period 2007-2013. The trend of hepatitis B prevalence among donors has been fluctuating while ranging from 0.94% to 1.63%.Conclusions: Reduction in seroprevalence among voluntary donors requires an effective donor education and high quality selection programme especially during big blood donation camps. For a safe blood service in our country, where comprehensive laboratory tests are neither possible nor pragmatic, it is best to switch over to 100% voluntary donations, as it is now established that only voluntary non-remunerated regular donation is the safest. Thus, one of our key strategies to enhance blood safety is to focus on motivating non-remunerated blood donors and phasing out even replacement donors.

Rapid screening test for porphyrinuria

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
R. M. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Rapid Screening Test

Suicide in Nógrád County, Hungary, 1970-1994

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Zonda
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
Male Female Ratio

The author examined completed suicides occurring over a period of 25 years in a county of Hungary with a traditionally low (relatively speaking) suicide rate of 25.8. The rates are clearly higher in villages than in the towns. The male/female ratio was close to 4:1, among elderly though only 1.5:1. The high risk groups are the elderly, divorced, and widowed. Violent methods are chosen in 66.4% of the cases. The rates are particularly high in the period April-July. Prior communication of suicidal intention was revealed in 16.3% of all cases. Previous attempts had been undertaken by 17%, which in turn means that 83% of suicides were first attempts. In our material 10% the victims left suicide notes. Psychiatric disorders were present in 60.1% of the cases, and severe, multiple somatic illnesses (including malignomas) were present in 8.8%. The majority of the data resemble those found in the literature.

Update in management of hepatitis B in pregnancy and prevention of mother to child hepatitis B transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naichaya Chamroonkul
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
World Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

Even with two decades of widespread using hepatitis B vaccination, chronic hepatitis B remains a major global health problem. In Thailand, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection was down from 8 - 10% in last decade to 5% recently. Failure to control mother to child transmission is one of the important barriers to the total elimination of hepatitis B infection from world population. In the majority, vertical transmission can be prevented with a universal screening program, immunoprophylaxis by administration of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) for babies born to mothers with HBV. However, in mothers with a high viral load, the chance of immunoprophylaxis failure remains high. To date, there are standard recommendations by all international liver societies including AASLD, EASL and APASL suggest introducing an antiviral agent during the third trimester to CHB pregnant women with a high viral load. Previous US FDA pregnancy category B agents such as Tenofovir and Telbivudine are allowed through all trimesters of pregnancy and are effective for prevention of mother to child transmission. Breastfeeding for patients who receive antiviral agents can be allowed after a risk-benefit discussion with the patient and family.

CLINICAL, ENDOSCOPIC AND PATHOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLORECTAL CANCER AT DA NANG HOSPITAL FROM 2016 TO 2017

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Thanh Trung Nguyen ◽  
Duc Nhan Le ◽  
Van Xung Nguyen ◽  
Hieu Trung Doan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Bloody Stool ◽  
Key Words Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Right Colon ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Classification ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Female Male Female ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Objective: To study the clinical, endoscopy and pathogical characteristics of colorectal cancer at Da Nang Hospital. Methods: A retrospectively descriptive study, performed from 01/01/2016 to 31/12/2017 at Da Nang Hospital. Results: During two years, there were 205 cases of colorectal cancer patients hospitalized to Da Nang Hospital. Male: 59.51%, female: 40.49%, mean age: 65.8 ± 16.07. Male is higher than female, male/ female ratio is 1.4/1. The period from the first symptoms to admission < 3months predominated (83.8%). The predominant symptoms: Abdominal pain (85.85%), bloody stool (63.41%), defecation (62.44%), anemia (34.63%), weight loss (25.85%), fatigue (17.56%), abdominal distention (12.19%), nausea and vomiting (5.36%). Location of Lesions: Rectum (43.42%), sigmoid colon (20%), right colon (10.73%),cecum (10.73%), transverse colon (7.80%), left-colon (7.32%). Type of lesion on endoscopy: Exophytic (63.41%), ulceration-Exophytic (21.95%), ulceration (7.32%), polyp chemotherapy (7.32). Tumor size: ≥ 3/4 perimeter (39%), occupying the whole circumference (37.0%), occupying ≥ 1/2 perimeter (15.6%), accounting for 1/4 Perimeter (8.4%). The colon completely narrowed rate: 70.73%., incompletely was 29.27%. Histopathological classification: adenocarcinoma (85.85%), Mucinous adenocarcinoma: (9.27%) and non-differentiated epithelial carcinoma was 4.88%. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer was quite popular and was usually detected at advanced stages.Therefore, screening for subjects with risk factors for early detection and treatment is recommended. Key words: Colorectal cancer, endoscopy, pathogical characteristics...

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