EMERGING GAMUT OF CARDIOVASCULAR NANOMEDICINE: FUTURE IS BRIGHT

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Gayathri Ananyajyothi Ambat ◽  
Syed Ilias Basha ◽  
Nazer Y A
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Permeation Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrated Science ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Selective Delivery ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Systemic Degradation ◽  
Therapeutic Selectivity

The aim of cardiovascular nanomedicine- CVN is to reduce off-target toxicity issues with therapeutic selectivity to the heart .The lipophilic barrier of the cellular membranes should be circumvented to deliver cargo inside the cell. Lipidbased NPs, which show low side effects and greater ability to passively accumulate at tissues with higher vascular permeability (enhanced permeation rate), have been largely used since the earlier times of cardiovascular nanomedicine-CVN. Polymeric NPs, silica NPs, carbon nanotubes, polymeric micelles, quantum dots, nanobers and nanocrystals represent other examples of nano-formulations for controlled drug delivery. NP-loaded drugs are expected to be protected from systemic degradation, show reduced toxicity and immunogenicity, possess ameliorated pharmacokinetics and increased half-life and exhibit increased bioavailability and precise bio distribution. Nanodrug formulations are expected to enhance selective delivery to the site of interest and benet from a lower clearance from the body. Nanotechnology represents a convergent discipline in which the margins separating research areas, such as chemistry, biology, physics, mathematics and engineering become blurred with the much needed emergence of integrated science as a new discipline.

Present trends in the encapsulation of anticancer drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Montané ◽  
Karolina Matulewicz ◽  
Karolina Balik ◽  
Paulina Modrakowska ◽  
Marcin Łuczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Low Solubility

Abstract Different nanomedicine devices that were developed during the recent years can be suitable candidates for their application in the treatment of various deadly diseases such as cancer. From all the explored devices, the nanoencapsulation of several anticancer medicines is a very promising approach to overcome some drawbacks of traditional medicines: administered dose of the drugs, drug toxicity, low solubility of drugs, uncontrolled drug delivery, resistance offered by the physiological barriers in the body to drugs, among others. In this chapter, the most important and recent progress in the encapsulation of anticancer medicines is examined: methods of preparation of distinct nanoparticles (inorganic nanoparticles, dendrimers, biopolymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, polymersomes, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and hybrid nanoparticles), drug loading and drug release mechanisms. Furthermore, the possible applications in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and cancer therapy of some of these nanoparticles have been highlighted.

Entrepreneurship in rural hospitality and tourism. A systematic literature review of past achievements and future promises

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Thirumalesh Madanaguli ◽  
Puneet Kaur ◽  
Stefano Bresciani ◽  
Amandeep Dhir
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism

Purpose Entrepreneurship in the rural hospitality and tourism sector (RHT) has received wide attention in the past decade. However, a systematic review on this topic is currently lacking. This study aims to track the progress of the RHT and entrepreneurship literature by examining the various thematic research areas, identifying the research gaps and forecasting avenues of future research on the topic. Design/methodology/approach This paper catalogs and synthesizes the body of literature from the year 2000–2020 using a systematic literature review methodology. After discussing a brief history of RHT and entrepreneurship, the current study presents a review of 101 research articles. Findings The review highlights that RHT and entrepreneurship have received relatively limited attention from entrepreneurship journals. The content analysis revealed different gaps and limitations in the understanding of entrepreneurship in RHT, including a predominance of qualitative studies with limited theoretically-grounded and generalizable empirical studies. Furthermore, a high concentration of studies is from European countries. Six main thematic research areas were identified, namely, barriers and enablers, the roles of an entrepreneur, women in RHT, influencers of firm performance, innovation and value creation and methodological commonalities. The review also advances an RHT entrepreneurship ecosystem framework to summarize the findings. Originality/value Six promising research avenues are outlined based on the six themes identified. The suggested research questions draw from allied literature on small and medium businesses, innovation, women entrepreneurship and institutions to encourage the interdisciplinary cross-pollination of ideas. The findings are summarized in a novel research framework.

3D Fashion Design and Technical Showing of its Characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 774-777
Author(s):  
Huan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fashion Design ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Deformation System ◽  
Exhibition Industry

Clothing has a symbiotic relationship with the body, clothing should be designed to meet the needs of different size, which means that virtual design to construct a three-dimensional garment style and the ability to adjust its key parts. Realistic three-dimensional garment tectonic deformation and showcase not only in computer graphics and virtual reality of a frontier research areas and hot spots for apparel and virtual exhibition industry deformation efficiency, research a suitable costume deformation system. Firstly, starting from the basics of clothing, a 3D garment model, a system design, describes the virtual garment construction method, summarized the main algorithms suitable clothing deformation, which can effectively be parameterized specific clothing deformation show.

Drug Delivery Systems

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Langer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methacrylamide ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

For many years, drug delivery systems were composed of simple pills, eyedrops, ointments, or intravenous solutions. Recently, materials have begun to play a major role in improving drug delivery. Drugs are now chemically attached to polymers, entrapped in small vesicles that are injected into the bloodstream, or put in pumps or polymeric materials that are placed in the body. These new materials-based systems are beginning to change the way drugs can be administered and, in so doing, have improved human health. This article provides a brief review of the major classes of drug delivery systems; a recent paper discusses these issues in detail.Chemically attaching a drug to a polymer may alter such properties as its distribution in the body, rate of appearance in certain tissues, solubility, or antigenicity. For example, drugs have been linked to soluble macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, or synthetic polymers via degradable linkages. This alters the drug's size and other properties, resulting in a different bodily drug distribution pattern. One example involves coupling the antitumor agent neocarzinostatin to styrene-maleic acid copolymers. When this complex was injected intra-arterially in patients with liver cancer, tumor size decreased significantly. In animals, the antitumor agent, doxorubicin, bound to N(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers reduced toxicity. The plasma half-life and the drug levels in the tumor increased while the concentrations in the rest of the body decreased.

Microbial Observatory Research in the International Space Station and Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo”

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Shirakawa ◽  
◽  
Fumiaki Tanigaki ◽  
Takashi Yamazaki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
International Space ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Experiment Module

The International Space Station (ISS) is a completely closed environment that offers a long-term microgravity environment. It is a unique environment where microbes can fly and attach themselves to devices or humans, especially the exposed parts of the body and head. The ongoing monitoring and analysis of microbes and their movement inside the Japanese Experiment Module (named “Kibo”) of the ISS are intended to study the effects of microbes on humans and prevent health hazards caused by microbes during a long-term space mission. This paper describes the current status and future plan of Japanese microbiological experiments to monitor microbial dynamics in Kibo. It also describes the future prospective and prioritized microbiological research areas based on the “Kibo utilization scenario towards 2020 in the field of life science.” Given the microbial research in space being actively conducted by the USA, NASA and international activities are also reported.

Empirical Implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-179
Author(s):  
J. Arvid Ågren
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Organism ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Selfish Genetic Elements ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Individual

The initial success of the gene’s-eye view came from making sense of old problems in evolutionary biology, in particular those related to social behaviour. It also stimulated new empirical research areas. This chapter is about three such new areas. The first is extended phenotypes, which are examples of phenotypic effects that occur outside of the body in which a gene is located. The second area is greenbeard genes, which gets its name from the thought-experiment devised to show that for altruism to evolve it is the relatedness between the actor and the recipient at the locus underlying the altruistic behaviour that matters, not the genome-wide relatedness. Finally, selfish genetic elements are genetic elements that have the ability to promote their own transmission even if it come at the expense of the fitness of the individual organism. The chapter outlines the current understanding of these topics and the role of the gene’s-eye view in uncovering them.

Bioinformatics approach on bioisosterism softwares to be used in drug discovery and development

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson José Freitas da Silveira ◽  
Walter Filgueira de Azevedo Jr. ◽  
Rita Cardoso Guedes ◽  
Leandro Marcos Santos ◽  
Rodolfo Cabral Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

Background: In the rational drug development field, a bioisosterism is a tool that improves lead compounds performance, reffering to molecular fragment substitution that has similar physical-chemical properties. Thus, it is possible to modulate drug properties such as absorption, toxicity, and half-life increase. This modulation is of pivotal importance in the discovery, development, identification, and interpretation of the mode of action of biologically active compounds. Objective: Our purpose here is to review the development and application of bioisosterism in drug discovery. In this study history, applications, and use of bioisosteric molecules to create new drugs with high binding affinity in the protein-ligand complexes are described. Method: It is an approach for molecular modification of a prototype based on the replacement of molecular fragments with similar physicochemical properties, being related to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phase, aiming at the optimization of the molecules. Results: Discovery, development, identification, and interpretation of the mode of action of biologically active compounds are the most important factors for drug design. The strategy adopted for the improvement of leading compounds is bioisosterism. Conclusion: Bioisosterism methodology is a great advance for obtaining new analogs to existing drugs, enabling the development of new drugs with reduced toxicity, in a comparative analysis with existing drugs. Bioisosterism has a wide spectrum to assist in several research areas.

Medical rehabilitation technologies in biomedical research works of scientists of the tula region (literature review)

10.12737/6038 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Еськов ◽  
V. Eskov ◽  
Борисова ◽  
O. Borisova ◽  
Киреев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Control Technologies

The review summarizes the research activity of scientists of the Tula region aimed at creation and development of new biomedical technologies. Areas of research presented in the monographs, patents, discoveries, articles have been identified, examined and implemented in experimental, clinical practice. The research areas are the following: nano-technology, nuclear medicine, technologies of mathematical assessment of complex systems parameters, thesiography of blood and biological fluids, the use technologies of laser radiation in the diagnosis and correction of functional changes, technology of matrix uncooled thermal imaging systems, the spectrofluorimetry autof-luorescence, mechanical simulators, cellular technologies, control technologies of functional systems of the body, biomedical technologies in sport.

Symposium: Advances in Histamine Research

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-745
Author(s):  
A. Wollin
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Research Association ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
French Canada ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Endogenous Histamine ◽  
Histamine Research ◽  
Living Organisms

The function of histamine in living organisms has interested investigators since its discovery shortly after the turn of the century and consequently has lead to the documentation of volumes of published data. It is rather surprising that the overall understanding of the function of histamine is still scant compared with other mediator substances discovered approximately during the same period of time. Perhaps the ubiquitous presence and the many effects of histamine in the body have diluted the efforts of investigators and have prevented a clear definition of all of its function. Both the local actions of histamine as a paracrine transmitter causing indirect responses as well as the multireceptor actions have no doubt also hampered the progress. It has been repeatedly stated that the development of the H2-receptor antagonists was one of the major accomplishments in the histamine field, which has lead to a new wave of increased histamine research activity and provided new meaning to earlier, unexplained data.In a series of symposia initiated by the Canadian Histamine Research Association, an attempt is being made to integrate previous findings with recent advances, and to familiarize those who are interested in histamine with the Canadian investigators and their research areas. The first symposium was held June 14, 1983, in conjunction with the Canadian Federation of Biological Societies and was published in this journal, June, 1984. The present symposium, the second in the series, deals with some aspects of earlier data in light of present knowledge and future prospects, as well as recent observations on receptor action and localization, and the mechanisms of action of drugs involved in the inhibition of histamine release. Because the local action of histamine has posed particular problems for the assessment of histamine concentration in relation to its action, it has become evident that not only histamine concentrations alone but also its metabolites would be of importance to demonstrate a correlation between endogenous histamine and its function. Thus, various assay procedures and methods are reviewed for the measurement of histamine metabolites to illustrate present capabilities in this field.The support for the symposium came from the Canadian Physiological Society, Smith Kline and French Canada Ltd., and Beckman Instruments Inc.

Dementia-Friendly Neighborhood and the Built Environment: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R Y Gan ◽  
Habib Chaudhury ◽  
Jim Mann ◽  
Andrew V Wister
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment

Abstract Background and Objectives There has been a proliferation of research on dementia-friendly communities in recent years, particularly on interpersonal and social aspects. Nonetheless, the neighborhood built environment remains a co-constituent of the lived experience of people living with dementia (PLWD) that is amenable to interventions for health and well-being in the community. This scoping review presents a narrative synthesis of empirical research on dementia-friendly neighborhoods, with a focus on the built environment and its associated sociobehavioral aspects. Planning and design principles are distilled to identify research and policy implications. Research Design and Methods We reviewed 29 articles identified through a systematic search of AgeLine, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Global Health, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and Scopus. Peer-reviewed articles that employed quantitative and/or qualitative methods in community settings were included. Results An equal number of studies focused on behavioral/psychosocial aspects of the built environment and assessment of specific environmental features. The former often used qualitative methods, whereas statistical methods were common in studies on discrete features of the neighborhood built environment. Few studies focused on rural contexts. Emerging research areas include interactions between dementia risk factors and neighborhood environments to support primary and secondary prevention. Discussion and Implications The body of literature needs expansion into planning and design fields to foster community participation of PLWD by optimizing environmental stimuli, minimizing environmental barriers, and engaging PLWD in dementia-friendly community initiatives. While evidence has accumulated on landmarks and social participation at the individual level, research at the community and policy levels is limited. This requires advanced mixed methods.

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