scholarly journals EVIDENCE FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING EFFECTS OF LEAD ON TELEOST CIRRHINUS MRIGALA

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
V. R. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Gland Cell ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Axis ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Lead is one of the elements that can be described as purely toxic. Lead displaces biologically important metals interfering with a variety of body's chemical reactions. A variety of environmental contaminants including heavy metals interfere the endocrine axis of fish. Lead is reported with endocrine disruptive potential. Lead affects the hypothalamus pituitary gonadal axis at multiple sites. In the present work an effort is made to explore qualitative changes in the pituitary gland cell types of Cirrhinus mrigala after an acute and chronic exposure to lead. The study revealed the toxic effects of lead on endocrine functions of a teleost which further affects the fecundity of fish. The present study provides a manifold confirmation on the endocrine disrupting effects of lead in fish

scholarly journals Genotoxicity Detection with Special Reference to Micronucleation in the Erythrocytes of Fish Species due to Water Pollution - A Mini Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumendra Nath Talapatra ◽  
Abantika Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Lotic Ecosystems ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Micronucleus Induction ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Water pollution is a matter of great concern in lentic and lotic ecosystems. Generally water pollutants like heavy metals, organic compounds, etc. generate from industries and domestic activities. All of these pose serious threat to the fish population in freshwater as well as marine water bodies. An impact caused by water pollutants especially genotoxins depend not only upon its concentration, but also on the duration (acute and chronic exposure) and showed individual and/or combination of pollutants or genotoxins. Genotoxicity of fish with special reference to micronucleus induction in the erythrocytes of fish is an easy screening of water pollution. The present review deals with past and present research works of major water pollutants discharge and their impact on several fish species from available literatures.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic exposure to air pollution in relation with incidence, prevalence, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a rapid systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. M. C. Katoto ◽  
Amanda S. Brand ◽  
Buket Bakan ◽  
Paul Musa Obadia ◽  
Carsi Kuhangana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background Air pollution is one of the world’s leading mortality risk factors contributing to seven million deaths annually. COVID-19 pandemic has claimed about one million deaths in less than a year. However, it is unclear whether exposure to acute and chronic air pollution influences the COVID-19 epidemiologic curve. Methods We searched for relevant studies listed in six electronic databases between December 2019 and September 2020. We applied no language or publication status limits. Studies presented as original articles, studies that assessed risk, incidence, prevalence, or lethality of COVID-19 in relation with exposure to either short-term or long-term exposure to ambient air pollution were included. All patients regardless of age, sex and location diagnosed as having COVID-19 of any severity were taken into consideration. We synthesised results using harvest plots based on effect direction. Results Included studies were cross-sectional (n = 10), retrospective cohorts (n = 9), ecological (n = 6 of which two were time-series) and hypothesis (n = 1). Of these studies, 52 and 48% assessed the effect of short-term and long-term pollutant exposure, respectively and one evaluated both. Pollutants mostly studied were PM2.5 (64%), NO2 (50%), PM10 (43%) and O3 (29%) for acute effects and PM2.5 (85%), NO2 (39%) and O3 (23%) then PM10 (15%) for chronic effects. Most assessed COVID-19 outcomes were incidence and mortality rate. Acutely, pollutants independently associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality were first PM2.5 then PM10, NO2 and O3 (only for incident cases). Chronically, similar relationships were found for PM2.5 and NO2. High overall risk of bias judgments (86 and 39% in short-term and long-term exposure studies, respectively) was predominantly due to a failure to adjust aggregated data for important confounders, and to a lesser extent because of a lack of comparative analysis. Conclusion The body of evidence indicates that both acute and chronic exposure to air pollution can affect COVID-19 epidemiology. The evidence is unclear for acute exposure due to a higher level of bias in existing studies as compared to moderate evidence with chronic exposure. Public health interventions that help minimize anthropogenic pollutant source and socio-economic injustice/disparities may reduce the planetary threat posed by both COVID-19 and air pollution pandemics.

scholarly journals miR221 regulates cell migration by targeting annexin a1 expression in human mesothelial MeT-5A cells neoplastic-like transformed by multi-walled carbon nanotube

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ju ◽  
Lijin Zhu ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Min Yu ◽  
Xianhong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Annexin A1 ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
One Year ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Abstract Background Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) is one of the most widely used manufactured nanomaterials, however, its potential harmful effect on human health is of great concern. Previously we have shown the acute and chronic exposure to MWCNT induced different responses in human mesothelial MeT-5A cells. In the current study, MeT-5A cells were continuously subjected to MWCNT exposure at 10 μg/cm2 for 48 h per passage, up to a whole year, to further clarify the carcinogesis and its potential mechanisms of MWCNT. Results After one-year MWCNT treatment, MeT-5A cells exhibited neoplastic-like properties, including morphological changes, anchorage-independent growth, increased cell proliferation and cell migration. Further examination revealed the expression of microRNA 221 (miR221) was gradually decreased, while the annexin a1 expression was increased at both the mRNA and protein level during the exposure. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that annexin a1 is a target for miR221 regulation, and it was confirmed by transfecting cells with miR221 mimics, which resulted in the downregulation of annexin a1. Detailed analyses demonstrated miR221 was involved in the regulation of cell migration, e.g., downregulation of miR221 or overexpression of ANNEXIN A1, contributed to the increased cell migration. In contrast, overexpression of miR221 or downregulation of ANNEXIN A1 slowed cell migration. Conclusions Taken together, these results point to a neoplastic-transforming property of MWCNT, and the miR221-annexin a1 axis is involved in the regulation of cell migration in the transformed cells.

In Vitro Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor of Plant Extracts By Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Geeta Bhandari Garima Negi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Skin Protection ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Sun Protection Factor ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sunscreen Products

Abstract-Acute and chronic exposure to nonphysiological doses of ultraviolet radiation leads to variety of changes of skin ranging from sun-burn, erythema to skin cancer. For skin protection from deleterious effects of sunlight, sunscreen products are used in various forms having chemical and physical filters. However, synthetic sunscreen formulations are reported to cause adverse effects. Thus the present study was planned to evaluate the sun protection factor (SPF) of leaves extract of Murraya koenigii for their application as herbal sunscreens. The results suggested that the occurrence of active compounds responsible for ultraviolet absorption can be extracted for use in sunscreens preparations as better, cheaper and safe alternative to harmful chemical sunscreens. Keywords: UV radiations, SPF, Murraya koenigii

scholarly journals Pregnant Inuit Women’s Exposure to Metals and Association with Fetal Growth Outcomes: ACCEPT 2010–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eva Bonefeld-Jørgensen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Increased Risk

Environmental contaminants such as heavy metals are transported to the Arctic regions via atmospheric and ocean currents and enter the Arctic food web. Exposure is an important risk factor for health and can lead to increased risk of a variety of diseases. This study investigated the association between pregnant women’s levels of heavy and essential metals and the birth outcomes of the newborn child. This cross-sectional study is part of the ACCEPT birth cohort (Adaption to Climate Change, Environmental Pollution, and dietary Transition) and included 509 pregnant Inuit women ≥18 years of age. Data were collected in five Greenlandic regions during 2010–2015. Population characteristics and birth outcomes were obtained from medical records and midwives, respectively, and blood samples were analyzed for 13 metals. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Spearman’s rho, and multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. The proportion of current smokers was 35.8%. The levels of cadmium, chromium, and nickel were higher compared to reported normal ranges. Significant regional differences were observed for several metals, smoking, and parity. Cadmium and copper were significantly inversely related to birth outcomes. Heavy metals in maternal blood can adversely influence fetal development and growth in a dose–response relationship. Diet and lifestyle factors are important sources of toxic heavy metals and deviant levels of essential metals. The high frequency of smokers in early pregnancy is of concern, and prenatal exposure to heavy metals and other environmental contaminants in the Greenlandic Inuit needs further research.

Novel aspects for management of xenobiotic compounds in wastewater treatment plants – linking theory, field studies, regulation, engineering, and experience

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Jacobsen ◽  
T. Guildal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Management aspects for control of environmental contaminants has widened from being focussed on heavy metals to a broader approach including specific organic compounds, inhibition of sensitive bacteria or algae, and newly identified environmental issues, e.g., endocrine disruption and antibiotic resistance. Studies conducted at the Avedøre WWTP confirm the relevance of such newly discovered environmental problems, however, the order of magnitude of the effects do not seem alarming. It is recommended in future research to establish links between occurrence of specific organic compounds and heavy metals to various measures of toxicity and bioaccumulation. Also data for specific biodegradation rates in WWTPs represent a bottleneck for simulating fate of specific organic compounds in the plants.

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