scholarly journals Silicon Photonic Micro-Ring Resonators for Chemical and Biological Sensing: A Tutorial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Steglich ◽  
Dominik G. Rabus ◽  
Cinzia Sada ◽  
Martin Paul ◽  
Michael G. Weller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Biological Sensing ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Silicon Photonic ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Surface Sensing

Silicon photonic micro-ring resonators (MRR) developed on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, owing to their high sensitivity and small footprint, show great potential for many chemical and biological sensing applications such as label-free detection in environmental monitoring, biomedical engineering, and food analysis. In this tutorial, we provide the theoretical background and give design guidelines for SOI-based MRR as well as examples of surface functionalization procedures for label-free detection of molecules. <br>After introducing the advantages and perspectives of MRR, fundamentals of MRR are described in detail, followed by an introduction to the fabrication methods, which are based on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Optimization of MRR for chemical and biological sensing is provided, with special emphasis on the optimization of waveguide geometry. At this point, the difference between chemical bulk sensing and label-free surface sensing is explained, and definitions like waveguide sensitivity, ring sensitivity, overall sensitivity as well as the limit of detection (LoD) of MRR are introduced. Further, we show and explain chemical bulk sensing of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water and provide a recipe for label-free surface sensing.

scholarly journals Surface Plasmon Resonance Assay for Label-Free and Selective Detection of HIV-1 p24 Protein

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Lucia Sarcina ◽  
Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi ◽  
Fabrizio Torricelli ◽  
Paolo Bollella ◽  
Zahra Gounani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Selectivity Ratio ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayer ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
P24 Protein ◽  
Hiv 1

The early detection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is of paramount importance to achieve efficient therapeutic treatment and limit the disease spreading. In this perspective, the assessment of biosensing assay for the HIV-1 p24 capsid protein plays a pivotal role in the timely and selective detection of HIV infections. In this study, multi-parameter-SPR has been used to develop a reliable and label-free detection method for HIV-1 p24 protein. Remarkably, both physical and chemical immobilization of mouse monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 p24 on the SPR gold detecting surface have been characterized for the first time. The two immobilization techniques returned a capturing antibody surface coverage as high as (7.5 ± 0.3) × 1011 molecule/cm2 and (2.4 ± 0.6) × 1011 molecule/cm2, respectively. However, the covalent binding of the capturing antibodies through a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of alkanethiols led to a doubling of the p24 binding signal. Moreover, from the modeling of the dose-response curve, an equilibrium dissociation constant KD of 5.30 × 10−9 M was computed for the assay performed on the SAM modified surface compared to a much larger KD of 7.46 × 10−5 M extracted for the physisorbed antibodies. The chemically modified system was also characterized in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, reaching a limit of detection of (4.1 ± 0.5) nM and an unprecedented selectivity ratio of 0.02.

One-Dimensional Diffraction Grating of Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Brushes For The Rapid Label-Free Detection of Yersinia Pestis With a Reflective Laser System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Ping Lin ◽  
Hui-Ling Hsu ◽  
Hui-Chung Lin ◽  
Hsin-Hsien Huang ◽  
Chien-Hsing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Diffraction Effect ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Diffraction Intensity ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Label Free Detection

Abstract Background: Because of the low sensitivity of commercial products, development of a facile method to rapidly identify plague on-site remains highly attractive. Line arrays of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were grafted using a photoresist template to fabricate one-dimensional diffraction gratings (DGs). The as-prepared samples first bound protein G to immobilize and orient the tails of the antibody of Yersinia pestis (abY). A laser beam was employed to analyze the 2D and 3D reflective signals of DGs at an incident angle of 45°. The abY-tailed PMAA DG possessed an optical feature with a characteristic diffraction effect along the SII, in which the projection of the laser beam on the plane of the DG chip was parallel to the strips, and ST configurations, in which they were perpendicular. A fluidic diffraction chip based on the abY-tailed PMMA DG was fabricated to examine the ability to detect Yersinia pestis along the ST configuration. Results: Upon flowing through the chip, Yersinia pestis was attached to the abY-tailed PMMA DG, which changed the diffraction intensity. The degree of the diffraction intensity exhibited a linear response to Yersinia pestis at concentrations from 102 to 107 CFU mL−1, and the limit of detection was 75 CFU mL−1, 1000 times lower than a commercial product (Alexter Bio-Detect Test). The diffractive sensor could selectively detect Yersinia pestis in spiked serum samples, with excellent standard deviation and recovery. Conclusion: Our platform provides a simple, label-free method for on-site plague diagnosis to prevent the highly rapid transmission of plague.

scholarly journals Multiplexed microRNA expression profiling by combined asymmetric PCR and label-free detection using silicon photonic sensor arrays

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1618-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Graybill ◽  
Maria C. Cardenosa-Rubio ◽  
Hongwei Yang ◽  
Mark D. Johnson ◽  
Ryan C. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Asymmetric Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Photonic Sensor ◽  
Silicon Photonic ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Analysis methods based upon the quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction are extremely powerful; however, they face intrinsic limitations in terms of target multiplexing.

scholarly journals Rapid label-free SERS detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria based on hafnium ditelluride-Au nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 2041004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Yanxian Guo ◽  
Binggang Ye ◽  
Zhengfei Zhuang ◽  
Peilin Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Sers Substrate ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have captured an increasing attention in biophotonics owing to their excellent optical features. Herein, 2D hafnium ditelluride (HfTe[Formula: see text], a new member of transition metal tellurides, is exploited to support gold nanoparticles fabricating HfTe2-Au nanocomposites. The nanohybrids can serve as novel 2D surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for the label-free detection of analyte with high sensitivity and reproducibility. Chemical mechanism originated from HfTe2 nanosheets and the electromagnetic enhancement induced by the hot spots on the nanohybrids may largely contribute to the superior SERS effect of HfTe2-Au nanocomposites. Finally, HfTe2-Au nanocomposites are utilized for the label-free SERS analysis of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, which realize the rapid and ultrasensitive Raman test of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella with the limit of detection of 10 CFU/mL and the maximum Raman enhancement factor up to [Formula: see text]. Combined with principal component analysis, HfTe2-Au-based SERS analysis also completes the bacterial classification without extra treatment.

scholarly journals Dual-Cavity Triple-Metal Gate-Underlap Dielectric-Modulated Charge-Plasma-based TFET for the Biomolecules Recognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Sahu ◽  
Mamta Khosla ◽  
Neetu Sood ◽  
Girish Wadhwa
Keyword(s):  
Drain Current ◽  
Transfer Characteristic ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Metal Gate ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
High K ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Silvaco Atlas ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Gate Underlap

In this era of technology, biosensors play an essential role in living life. Today’s research and investigation revolved around its higher responsiveness and speed of detection. Normal TFET has many disadvantages like fabrication complexity, random dopant fluctuation, and the lower ON-State current. We are introducing a device that is a Dual-Cavity Triple-Metal gate-underlap DM-CPTFET for label-free detection. This device has a dual cavity for sensing different types of biomolecules simultaneously. We used the tool i.e SILVACO ATLAS TCAD Simulator for the sensing applications. High K material and gate work function engineering help us to improve drain current and better sensitivity. We used this TCAD tool, for analyzing the different parameter variations like energy band variation, surface potential, transfer characteristic, and output characteristic using different biomolecules Gelatin(k=12), Keratin(K=8), Biotin(K=2.63), etc.

scholarly journals Optical Ring Resonators: A Platform for Biological Sensing Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
AzadehKiani Sarkaleh ◽  
BabakVosoughi Lahijani ◽  
Hamidreza Saberkari ◽  
Ali Esmaeeli
Keyword(s):  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Biological Sensing ◽  
Optical Ring Resonators ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Optical Ring

scholarly journals Plasmonic nanocrystals on polycarbonate substrates for direct and label-free biodetection of Interleukin-6 in bioengineered 3D skeletal muscles

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo A Lopez-Muñoz ◽  
Juan M Fernández-Costa ◽  
Maria Alejandra Ortega ◽  
Jordina Balaguer-Trias ◽  
Eduard Martin-Lasierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Potential Benefits

Abstract The development of nanostructured plasmonic biosensors has been widely widespread in the last years, motivated by the potential benefits they can offer in integration, miniaturization, multiplexing opportunities, and enhanced performance label-free biodetection in a wide field of applications. Between them, engineering tissues represent a novel, challenging, and prolific application field for nanostructured plasmonic biosensors considering the previously described benefits and the low levels of secreted biomarkers (≈pM–nM) to detect. Here, we present an integrated plasmonic nanocrystals-based biosensor using high throughput nanostructured polycarbonate substrates. Metallic film thickness and incident angle of light for reflectance measurements were optimized to enhance the detection of antibody–antigen biorecognition events using numerical simulations. We achieved an enhancement in biodetection up to 3× as the incident angle of light decreases, which can be related to shorter evanescent decay lengths. We achieved a high reproducibility between channels with a coefficient of variation below 2% in bulk refractive index measurements, demonstrating a high potential for multiplexed sensing. Finally, biosensing potential was demonstrated by the direct and label-free detection of interleukin-6 biomarker in undiluted cell culture media supernatants from bioengineered 3D skeletal muscle tissues stimulated with different concentrations of endotoxins achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of ≈ 0.03 ng/mL (1.4 pM).

scholarly journals Hybridizing nickel platform using ultra-short pulsed laser: a new paradigm towards biomedical sensing and theranostics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivaprasad Chinnakkannu Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Biomolecular Sensing ◽  
Sensing Applications

A self-assembled 3D nanonetwork of Nickel and Nickel Oxide is synthesized by ultrashort pulsed laser through multiphoton ionization. The synthesized nanonetwork with tunable physiochemical property was investigated for cancer therapeutic and biomolecular sensing applications. In this thesis, the developed 3D nickel nanomatrix effectively regulated HeLa cancer cell adhesion and proliferation mimicking Extracellular Matrix (ECM). This behaviour explicitly demonstrated that the initial incubation period was devoted to baiting fibroblast and HeLa cells to proliferate upon the nanomatrix and subsequently the same nanomatrix exhibited cell trapping behaviour upon HeLa cells after an increased incubation period thereby controlling proliferation. The results brought new insight as to how HeLa cells behaved differently when compared to NIH3T3 fibroblast cells opening pioneering application in drug-free cancer therapy. To delve deeper into nickel nanonetwork for cancer therapy the laser ionization was manipulated to induce two distinct quantum theranosomes. Presently, quantum materials are limited due to 0D & 1D materials lacking biocompatibility resulting in coated materials with labelled tags for fluorescence excitation. The theranosomes mimicked tumor microenvironment by selectively accelerating the proliferation of mammalian fibroblasts cells while inducing cancer therapy. Furthermore, the theranosomes opened up label-free bioimaging probe for differentiating (HeLa & MDAMB-231) from mammalian fibroblast cells for cancer diagnostics. In-addition to label-free bioimaging, the development of an ultrasensitive biosensor for targeted biomolecule sensing was developed addressing the drawback faced with fluorescence imaging using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). We developed a SERS active nano-biosensor to detect chemical dye Crystal Violet (CV) and biomolecule glutathione(GSH). The Raman detection of crystal violet (CV) and glutathione (GSH) molecules was noted with 1 pM (1×10-12M) concentrations at (532 & 785nm) excitation wavelengths with an enhancement factor of 109, not been observed even in plasmonic materials. This extends the limit of detection (LOD), confirming suitability for chemical and biomolecular sensing. Additionally, the quantum confinement effect will result in an ultrasensitive sensor diagnosing and differentiating cancer cells from fibroblast cells. Based on the results in this thesis, the multifunctional feasibility of nano and quantum scale nickel structures arranged in 3D assembly for its direct application in cancer therapeutics, encompassing cancer bioimaging and diagnostics.

A carbon ink screen-printed immunoelectrode for Dengue virus NS1protein detection based on photosynthesized amine gold nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Colloidal Suspension ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Screen Printed

Dengue virus (DENV) is a reemerging mosquito-borne disease that is endemic in more than 125 countries, affecting 200 million people per year. Screening testing has been a good attempt to minimize the impact caused by high morbity and mortality rates of DENV. In this study, a simple and disposable label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on a carbon ink graphite screen-printed electrode (SPE) one-step fabricated was developed for detection of non-structural 1 protein (NS1). The SPE surface was modified by drop casting, depositing a colloidal suspension containing amine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP-NH2). AuNPs were synthetized by a photoinduced physical method, illuminating preformed gold seeds with a light-emitting diode (LED,) at blue region, by using the polyethyleneimine (NH2) as reductor and stabilizing agent. UV-VIS spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the amine AuNPs. Electrocatalytic activity of AuNPs allowed more sensitivity for a label-free detection of NS1 by square wave voltammetry (SWV), with linear response from 0.1 to 2 µg mL-1. It was found a good linearity (coefficient of correlation of 0.995 (p<0.01) and a limit of detection of 0.03 µg mL-1 NS1 for analytical responses. AuNP-NH2 synthesis provided an easy oriented immobilization of anti-NS1 antibodies by Fc portion, resulting in a simple fabrication immunosensor with relative high performance and feasibility for early diagnostic of DENV.

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