scholarly journals Epidemiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
T. N. Bilichenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Research Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Course Outcomes ◽  
Official Sources

An analysis of epidemiology coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Russia and the world was carried out to identify the main factors contributing to morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease. Statistical data were used from official sources (Rospotrebnadzor, WHO, US CDC, China NHC, ECDC, DXY). Research information from different countries about the course, outcomes, spread, and risk factors of the disease is presented.The study of epidemiology, risk factors, causes of increased incidence of COVID-19, mortality rate is of great importance for assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures.

scholarly journals Awareness on Tricky Fungal Infections Coexisting with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Sree Kavya Godise ◽  
Sowjanya Maddukuri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Looking Back

As we know that the whole world is fighting against SARS-CoV-2, here another new battle starts i.e., the fungal co-infections which throw a challenge to the world. In many cases, people who are recovered from COVID-19 are more prone to develop these co-fungal infections. Looking back on SARS –CoV in 2003, we found that the fungal infections was the main cause of death for SARS-CoV patients, accounting for 25% - 73.7% in all causes of death, while in COVID-19 patients, only few studies have been reported. The most common fungal infections associated with COVID-19 patients are mucormycosis (black fungus), candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. The main motto of this article is to present the detailed description about these fungal infections in aspects of their definitive species, associated risk factors, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and their preventive measures. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, fungal co-infections, mucormycosis (black fungus), candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 PANDEMIC – AN UPDATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Spl-1-SARS-CoV-2) ◽  
pp. S219-S245
Author(s):  
Ramya Shanmugam ◽  
◽  
Sangeetha Thangavelu ◽  
Zareena Fathah ◽  
Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Biology ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), set it foots in China during December 2019 as a high-alert public health emergency. This malady had thereafter spread rapidly across the globe in more than 215 countries, affecting more than 50 million people and causing the death of nearly 1.3 million as of 9th November, 2020 and resulted in a massive panic, fear, and economic crashes in most of the world. A better understanding of the disease, the virus, structural biology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and management can be extrapolated from the literature review of the research up to date. In addition, deliberations on animal linkages, spillover and zoonotic implications for exploring the actual origin of the disease and all possible animal-human interfaces, intermediate host; diagnosis for devising specific and sensitive tests of ease, accessibility and affordability; advances in the development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics for prevention and treatment; management of COVID-19 practicable in all countries; application of traditional or regularly used modalities including plant-based products and medicinal herbs against SARS-COV-2; nutritious dietary foods against this disease; and socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 can provide valuable information on these various aspects. Most of the research currently focuses on disease, development of a vaccine or therapeutic modalities. But the future mortality rate and virulence of virus not only depends on the evolution of the virus, but also on how we develop preventive measures and effective treatment as well as in advance preparedness. The present review highlights salient aspects of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19, pathology, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, potential treatment, and alternative / supportive therapeutic options.

The Comparison of Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection between Pediatric and Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Zandi ◽  
Saber Soltani ◽  
Mona Fani ◽  
Haniye Shafipour ◽  
Samaneh Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The World ◽  
Smoking Susceptibility ◽  
The Relationship

SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the recent pandemic in the world. It has been recently recognized as a challenge for public health and a significant cause of severe illness in all age groups. Young children and older people are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, children usually present mild symptoms compared to adult patients. The relationship between age, severity, and COVID-19 transmission is compared to determine whether there is any reasonable relationship between age and COVID-19. It should be mentioned that some risk factors may increase the probability of developing severe COVID-19 by advancing age, such as pathophysiological changes in the respiratory system, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in the nasopharynx, and smoking. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection is independent of age, but the mortality rate of COVID-19 depends on age.

scholarly journals Complications in Surgery of the Small Intestine

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Carlos Manterola ◽  
Sebastián Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Intestinal Surgery ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Pathology

Performing a surgical procedure of the small intestine, whether it is a scheduled elective or an emergency event, may be associated with the occurrence of disorders of diverse etiology; either as a result of prior illness, the onset of systemic pathology associated with the surgical event or complications related to the surgery itself. The development of morbidity in patients undergoing intestinal surgery has been outlined in this article on medical and surgical complications. These will be discussed based on clinical manifestations, potential risk factors associated with their occurrence and certain preventive measures.

scholarly journals Essentials of bladder cancer worldwide: incidence, mortality rate and risk factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Sadeghi Gandomani ◽  
Abed Asgari Tarazoj ◽  
Fatemeh Hadavand Siri ◽  
Ali Karimi Rozveh ◽  
Soheila Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Systems Studies

Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. An increase in the incidence and recurrence of BC has led to massive pressure on health care systems. Studies have shown that the geographical and ethical distributions of BC are variable in different parts of the world. However, most studies have focused more on clinical challenges and treatment strategies in BC management. Due to the limited number of studies conducted on the incidence rate, mortality and risk factors of BC worldwide, it is necessary to carry out studies in these areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the global incidence rate, mortality rate and risk factors for BC.

scholarly journals Oral cancer: etiology, precancerous lesions and treatment: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-292
Author(s):  
Joe Javier Lalangui Matamoros ◽  
Doménica Alejandra Solano Maldonado ◽  
Andrea Elizabeth Quito Zhinín ◽  
Fernando Mauricio Villalta Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Digital Repositories ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Other Substances

Introduction: Oral cancer is one of the most common malign neoplasia around the world. However, despite current diagnosis tools, a high morbidity and mortality rate is present due to a late diagnosis and a lack of population consciousness about tobacco, alcohol, and other substances consumption. Objective: The current review aims to provide updated information about precancerous lesions, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of oral cancer. Methodology: A bibliographic research on peer review articles were done in five digital repositories considering publications from 2015 up to date. Conclusion: Oral cancer is a frequent pathology with severe consequences for its affected patients. A wide knowledge on pre-malign lesions, risk factors, and early diagnosis is key to prevent the presence and development of this pathology.

scholarly journals Fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia in patients with hematologic diseases and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia ZHU ◽  
Lulu Wang ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Rongrong Chen ◽  
Xueying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hematologic Diseases ◽  
Hemorrhagic Pneumonia ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Level ◽  
Clinical Records

Abstract Background Fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia is one of the most severe manifestations of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) infections. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of SM bacteremia and to identify the risk factors of hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by SM in patients with hematologic diseases. Methods The clinical records of 55 patients diagnosed with hematologic diseases and SM bacteremia were retrospectively reviewed. We compared patients’ clinical characteristics and outcomes between the hemorrhagic pneumonia group and non-hemorrhagic pneumonia group. Results Twenty-seven (49.1%) patients developed hemorrhagic pneumonia. The overall mortality rate of SM bacteremia was 67.3%. The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with hemorrhagic pneumonia than those without hemorrhagic pneumonia (85.2% and 50.0%, respectively, P = 0.003). Compared with the non-hemorrhagic pneumonia group, patients in the hemorrhagic pneumonia group were older and showed clinical manifestations as higher proportions of isolated SM in sputum culture, neutropenia and elevated procalcitonin. Multivariate analysis showed that neutropenia, high levels of procalcitonin, prior tigecycline therapy within 1 month were independent risk factors associated with hemorrhagic pneumonia. Conclusions Hematologic patients with SM bacteremia who have neutropenia, high level of procalcitonin and prior tigecycline therapy within 1 month should be early treated with combined effective antibiotics and best supportive interventions to avoid life-threatening hemorrhagic pneumonia.

Epidemiology and global burden of infective endocarditis

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad M. Tleyjeh ◽  
Aref A. Bin Abdulhak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
The World ◽  
Emerging Risk ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Case Fatality Risk

Infective endocarditis (IE) is still considered to be an infrequent but fatal and debilitating disease if left untreated. It is estimated that IE affects 3–7.5 people per 100,000 person-years and its incidence is reported to be increasing in some parts of the world. IE incidence appears to vary significantly as reported from different geographic areas even within the same country. IE is a disabling and lethal disease with an overall mean proportion of IE-related stroke of 15.8% ± 9.1%, a mean proportion of patients that have undergone valve surgery of 32.4% ± 18.8%, and a mean case fatality risk of 21.1% ± 10.4%. IE incidence remains largely unknown from many parts of the world due to a paucity of data from several countries. Intravenous drug use, advanced age, intracardiac electronic devices, degenerative valvular heart disease, cardiac transplant with development of valvulopathy, haemodialysis, HIV infection, and diabetes mellitus are among the new emerging risk factors that have recently been shown to be implicated more frequently than the traditional risk factors in IE development. Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of IE worldwide and has taken predominance over viridans group streptococci in many parts of the world. Globally, IE is associated with a significant burden and was responsible for 45,000 deaths in 1990 and 65,000 deaths in 2013. The mortality rate from IE is significantly high, with an in-hospital mortality rate of up to 22% and a 5-year mortality rate of 45%.

scholarly journals Toxocarosis as a possible cause of gastrointestinal diseases in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
E. O. Utenkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Stomach Ulcers

Toxocarosis is a widespread geohelminthiasis in the world. In the body of children, the eggs of the parasite usually fall with the soil. Larvae enter the bloodstream through the intestinal wall and are carried by blood to various organs, where they cause inflammation and necrosis. The diseaseis characterized by non-specific clinical manifestations, as a result of which the diagnosis is not always timely. In children, toxocarosis often occurs againstthe background of various diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems.The article presents a case of a combined course of gastric ulcer and visceral toxocarosis in a child of 2 years and 4 months. Taking into account the uncharacteristic disease for this age and the absence of risk factors for the development of stomach ulcers in this patient, it is suggested that toxocarosis may cause the development of stomach ulcers in children.

scholarly journals Knowledge And Awareness Of Breast Cancer And Mammography Among Women In Klang, Selangor.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Nurul Fadhlina Ismail ◽  
Dhaarshini A/P Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
The World ◽  
Breast Cancer Knowledge

Breast cancer (BC) is considered as one of the most common cancers among women and almost 2.1 million women are diagnosed with it each year around the world. The high mortality rate by breast cancer is mainly because of the late diagnosis of breast cancer which is because of the lack of awareness and knowledge about breast cancer itself and its screening methods among women. The gradually increasing mortality rate can be decreased by early detection of breast cancer. A validated questionnaire was adopted from a similar study that was done in Shah Alam, Selangor. The questionnaire consists of three sections namely sociodemographic status, knowledge about breast cancer and awareness of mammography. Most of the respondents (84.1%) stated that breast cancer is the most common cancer in Malaysia. In terms of risk factors, the majority (96.2%) of the respondents stated that genetic and family history is a risk of breast cancer while only 3.8% of them did not. 15 respondents received knowledge scores of which are less than 8 (very poor), 46 respondents have obtained scores from 8 to 11 (poor), 56 respondents have obtained scores from 12 to 16 (moderate) and 15 respondents have obtained scores from 17 to 20 (good). None of the respondents obtained scores of more than 20 (very good). This study shows that the respondents have very poor to moderate level of breast cancer knowledge. Mammography awareness was acceptable among the respondents as more than half of them knew about it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document