scholarly journals Biochemical changes in pear fruits during storage at ambient conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Avninder Kaur ◽  
Sucheta Sharma ◽  
Navprem Singh
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Pectin Content ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Fruit Harvest

‘Patharnakh’ (PN) (Pyrus pyrifolia Burm. Nakai) and ‘Punjab Beauty’ (PB) [Pyrus communis L. × Pyrus pyrifolia Burm. (Nakai)] are leading low-chill pear cultivars of subtropics of India. Diurnal temperature and relative humidity during fruit harvest period is high which considerably affect the shelf life of fruits. Fruits of ‘PN’ and ‘PB’ pear harvested at physiological maturity were stored for 12 days at ambient temperature and effects of storage temperature on physical and qualitative parameters were studied. Both cultivars showed reduction in fruit weight and firmness, reducing sugars, sucrose, starch and pectin content. However, total soluble solids and juice acid content increased during storage. Sucrose synthase activity and sucrose content showed significant positive correlation in ‘PN’ cultivar. Activities of fruit softening enzymes such as polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase was enhanced; whereas, pectinmethylesterase (PME) was reduced during storage. Fruit firmness was negatively correlated with PG in both the cultivars. In ‘PN’ cultivar, fruit firmness was positively correlated with cellulase and negatively with PME enzyme but reverse trend was observed in ‘PB’ cultivar. Fruit minerals content didn’t show any substantial disparities in both the cultivars during storage. ‘Patharnakh’ and ‘Punjab Beauty’ fruits maintain desirable quality parameters up to 6-9 days and 3-6 days, respectively, during storage at ambient conditions.

scholarly journals (338) Effect of Germanium Supply by Trunk Injection on Tree Growth and Fruit Quality of `Niitaka' Asian Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1084A-1084
Author(s):  
Wol-Soo Kim ◽  
Jung-An Jo
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Asian Pear ◽  
Trunk Injection ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Flesh Browning

Many trials to supply germanium to fruit have been carried out since tests have confirmed germanium's role as a medical substance. Supplying germanium in orchards by soil and foliar application was not effective because of loss from rainfall. In order to increase germanium absorption by fruit, this study carried out tree trunk injections during the growing season. Two types of germanium, GeO (inorganic type) and Ge-132 (organic type), in concentrations of 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg·L–1 were supplied to `Niitaka' pear trees by trunk injection (1.5 L/tree), four times at 15-day intervals from June 2004. The treatment with 50 mg·L–1 GeO showed decreased fruit weight, but 50 mg·L–1 Ge-132 showed no difference to the control and other treatments. Fruit lenticels were increased in size by all of the Ge treatments in comparison to control fruit. Soluble solids as well as Hunter value `a' of the fruits of all Ge treatments were higher than that of the control. Flesh browning after peeling the fruit was delayed by the germanium treatment, and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activities were lowered. Postharvest potentials were maintained at high levels for fruit firmness, physiological disorders, and decayed fruit during cold storage at 0 to 1 °C for 2 months.

scholarly journals Effect of Post-Harvest Degreening on Quality Parameters of Acid Lime Cv. Balaji

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Pooja Yaddanapudi ◽  
Kiran Kumar Adapa
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Acid Lime

Analyze the effect of post-harvest degreening on quality parameters of Acid lime cv. Balaji. The present research was conducted at Post harvest laboratory of College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during the year 2018-2019. Experiment was designated with two factorial completely randomized design with two factors viz., (A) Ethylene concentrations, (B) Number of pulsings were taken for test and executed with the objective: Effect of post-harvest degreening on quality parameters of Acid lime cv. Balaji. The Acid lime cv. Balaji fruits were harvested and subjected to degreening treatments for one day. The treated Acid lime fruits were stored for sixteen days at ambient conditions. Acid lime fruits picked randomly from treated lot and evaluated for Physiological loss in weight %, Peel thickness mm, Fruit firmness Kg/cm2, Total soluble solids °Bx, Titratable acidity %, Ascorbic acid mg/100 g, Juice recovery % at four days interval by adopting the respective methods. Among all the quality parameters there were gradual increase in Total soluble solids (TSS), Juice recovery, Physiological loss in weight (PLW) and there were decreased trend in Titratable acidity, Peel thickness, Fruit firmness and Ascorbic acid content. Ethylene @ 15 ppm proved the better results for the above parameters. Among different number of pulsings, 1 pulsing in 24 hours @ 24 hrs interval and 2 pulsings in 24 hr @ 12 hrs interval was best.

scholarly journals Peach Fruit Quality Is Affected by Shade during Final Swell of Fruit Growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Donald Sowers ◽  
Michele Choma Marini
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
The Relationship

Girdled or nongirdled `Biscoe' peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) secondary scaffold branches were covered with shade fabric to provide a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) from 44 to 20 days before harvest (DBH), from 20 to 0 DBH or 44 to 0 DBH. Fruit quality was affected differently by the various periods of shade during the final swell of fruit development. Shading 40 to 20 DBH did not affect fruit weight or quality, whereas shading 44 to 0 DBH had the greatest effect on fruit weight and quality. Fruit quality was generally similar on branches exposed to 100% and 45% incident PPFD (IPPFD). Fruit on” girdled branches generally responded to shade more than fruit on nongirdled branches. Fruit weight was positively related to percent IPPFD for girdfed but not nongirdled branches shaded 20 to 0 DBH and 44 to DBH. On nongirdled branches, fruit exposed to 45% IPPFD for 44 to 0 DBH had 14% less red color and 21% lower soluble solids content (SSC) than nonshaded fruit. Harvest was delayed >10 days and preharvest fruit drop was increased by shading to <23% IPPFD. Shading branches for 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH altered the relationship between flesh firmness and ground color: Firmness declined as ground color changed from green to yellow for fruit shaded 44 to 20 DBH, but firmness declined with little change in ground color for fruit shaded 20 to 0 or 44 to 0 DBH. Girdling results indicated that fruit weight and SSC partially depended on photosynthate from nonshaded portions of the canopy, whereas fruit redness, days from bloom to harvest, and ground color depended on PPFD in the vicinity of the fruit.

scholarly journals Effect of Shading on Red Colour and Fruit Quality in Blush Pears “ANP-0118” and “ANP-0131”

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Peavey ◽  
Ian Goodwin ◽  
Lexie McClymont ◽  
Subhash Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
A Value ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Colour Development

Some cultivars of Pyrus communis develop mature fruit with a distinctive red blush. Investigating the patterns of pear colour development in response to sunlight has implications for orchard management of these pears. The objectives of these experiments are to study the seasonal patterns of colour development and investigate the influence of shade and sunlight exposure on the red colour and harvest quality of blush pears “ANP-0118” and “ANP-0131”. Several long, medium and short shading treatments were applied at different stages of fruit development from 28 (“ANP-0131”) and 29 (“ANP-0118”) days after full bloom (DAFB) until harvests at 119 DAFB (“ANP-0118”) and 175 DAFB (“ANP-0131”). Fruits were measured every three weeks for colour parameters (a*, hue angle, chroma) and at harvest for quality parameters (fresh weight, visual assessments of percentage blush coverage and blush intensity, flesh firmness and soluble solids concentration). In the unshaded control, red colour increased during the growing season (increase in a* value and decrease in hue angle), as well as increasing in chroma value. Periods of shading during the season negatively affected red colour in both cultivars, as evidenced by significant decreases in a* value and increases in hue angle. Shaded fruits that were subsequently re-exposed to sunlight reacted with a dynamic increase in a* value and decrease in hue angle. Fruit shaded for the length of the experiment or prior to harvest had significantly lower a* values than the control at harvest. Visual assessment at harvest of percentage blush coverage and blush intensity were significantly affected by shading in both cultivars. Shading treatments applied early in the experiment had a negative effect on the fresh fruit weight of “ANP-0118”.

scholarly journals Blackberry and Raspberry Cultivar Evaluations in Coastal California

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Oleg Daugovish ◽  
Mark Gaskell ◽  
Miguel Ahumada ◽  
Anna D. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Harvest Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Successful Production

Increased productivity of recently developed primocane raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and blackberry (Rubus sp.) cultivars have been accompanied by dramatic improvements in fruit firmness, shape, size, color, and flavor. These traits have contributed to the establishment of these crops throughout California. In this study, we evaluated publically available raspberry and blackberry cultivars for fruit yields, postharvest quality, and production in response to pruning management, at two locations in the central coast of California. Among raspberries, ‘Imara’ and ‘Kweli’ were the highest yielding cultivars at both trial locations while ‘Kwanza’ produced 30% to 50% larger fruit, by weight, with postharvest shelf life superior to that of ‘Vintage’. Among blackberries, ‘Prime-Ark® 45’ was the top-yielding cultivar and had the largest fruit at both locations during both years. ‘Prime-Ark® 45’ and ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ had comparable weights after 13 days in cold storage in 2018, while in 2019 ‘Prime-Ark® 45’ and ‘APF 268T’ had comparable fruit weight. Greater and earlier fruit yields of both blackberries and raspberries were obtained with combined production from floricanes and primocanes compared with primocane production alone. However, increase in cane density in combined production can complicate management of pests, fertigation, and fruit harvest efficiency. With increased interest in primocane cultivars, the information generated in this study has provided new resources to guide successful production by small, independent, and direct-sale growers.

scholarly journals (309) Effect of Chitin-incubated Solution (CIS) Spray on Tree Growth and Fruit Quality of `Niitaka' Asian Pear

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025E-1026
Author(s):  
Wol-Soo Kim ◽  
Jung-An Jo ◽  
Soon-Ju Chung ◽  
Kil-Yong Kim ◽  
Hyun Sug Choi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pyrus Pyrifolia ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Asian Pear ◽  
Flesh Browning

The shells of crab, shrimp, beetles, etc., could be decomposed by chitinase to chitin, calcium, and protein, respectively. We incubated the mixture solution of 1.5 kg crab shell, 1.5 kg multinutrient, 2 kg compost with microorganisms to decompose the chitin substance, 3 kg sugar, and 700 L water at room temperature for 7 days. During the incubation, aeration with an air pump was essential. We sprayed the chitin-incubated solution (CIS) after filtering to `Niitaka' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) trees at 15-day intervals from May to Sept. 2004. Leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf specific weight, and chlorophyll contents were increased by the treatment with CIS. In fruit characteristics, fruit weight, soluble solids, fruit firmness, and Hunter values “a” and “b”were increased by the CIS treatment. Flesh browning after peeling the fruit was delayed by the CIS treatment, and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activities were lowered.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (Avg), Plastic Wrapping Dan Suhu Simpan Terhadap Masa Simpan Dan Mutu Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) ‘Mutiara’

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soesiladi E. Widodo ◽  
Kuswanta F. Hidayat ◽  
Zulferiyenni Zulferiyenni ◽  
Sherly I. Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Single Application ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures

The research was aimmed at studying the effects of (1) single application AVGs,plastic wrappings, and storage temperatures, (2) interactions among AVGs andplastic wrappings, AVGs and storage temperatures, and plastic wrappings andstorage temperatures, and (3) interactions among AVGs, plastic wrappings, andstorage temperatures in extending fruit self-life and maintain qualities of‘Mutiara’guava fruits. The research was arranged in a completely randomized designin 2 x 2 x 2 factorial with three replications. The first factor was AVGs (with 1,25ppm and without AVG), the second factor was plastic wrappings (without and withone layer of plastic wrapping), and the third factor was storage temperature (a coldtemperature of 21, 53 ºC and a room temprature of 26,57 ºC). The result showed that(1) the application of AVG 1,25 ppm did not significantly affect fruit self-life, fruitfirmness, fruit weight loss, ºBrix, acid contens, and sweetness of ‘Mutiara’guava’fruits, (2) storage at cold temprature of 21, 53 ºC did not significantly affect fruit self-life, fruit firmness, fruit weight loss, ºBrix, acid contens, and sweetness of‘Mutiara’guava’ fruits, (3) the application of plastic wrapping was able to extend fruitself-life by 17 days longer than without plastic wrapping and supressed fruit weightloss of ‘Mutiara’guava, but accelerated softening and not able to maintain ºBrix, andalso did not significantly affect acid contens, and sweetness of ‘Mutiara’guava fruits,(4) there were no interaction effects among AVGs with plastic wrappings, AVGs withcold tempratures, and plastic wrappings with cold tempratures on self-life, fruitfirmness, fruit weight loss, ºBrix, acid contens, and sweetness of ‘Mutiara’guavafruits, and (5) there were no interaction effects among AVGs, plastic wrappings, andcold temperatures on fruit self-life, fruit firmness, fruit weight loss, ºBrix, acidcontens, and sweetness of ‘Mutiara’ guava fruits.

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen for Improving Yield and Fruit Quality of `Redspur Delicious' Apple

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 613b-613
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
John K. Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning

Effects of three times and five rates of urea application on productivity, tree growth, soil nitrate movement, nutrient partitioning, and postharvest fruit quality of `Redspur Delicious' apple on M.7 rootstock over several years were studied. Time of application did not have significant effects on most fruit quality factors or yield. However, significant differences were observed for quality and yield measurements among different quantities of N. Fruit firmness decreased with every increment in N increase. Trees with N at 0.045 kg/tree had lower yield and higher fruit firmness than those with higher quantities of N. Fruit weight and color decreased with each increment increase in the quantity of N. Trees with N at 0.045 and 0.18 kg/tree had significantly better (more red) color and lower fruit N and leaf N than those with higher quantities of N. Bud tissue nutrients were affected by quantity of N application. Fruit from trees with N at <0.18 kg/tree had lower soluble solids. High N increased fruit ethylene and respiration. Nitrogen application affected 2-methyl butyl acetate of fruit. Monitoring nitrate movement through the soil showed that application of N at >0.45 kg/tree, particularly in fall resulted in excess levels of nitrate, increasing the possibility of underground water contamination. Applying N at ≤0.32 kg/tree did not result in excess soil nitrate at 1.52-m depth.

Wood-based biochar for small fruit production in southern Quebec, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Shang ◽  
Chih-Yu Hung ◽  
Barry Husk ◽  
Valerie Orsat ◽  
Joann K. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Small Fruit

The market for small fruits (grapes, blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries) is valued at more than CAD100 million per year in Quebec, Canada. Wood-based biochar is an amendment that improves soil quality, which may boost small fruit growth and production. The objective of this research was to determine if wood-based biochar could increase the yield and quality of grape, blueberry, strawberry, and raspberry in southern Quebec. We evaluated the fruit yield as well as the quality parameters like average fruit weight, fruit firmness, color, juice pH, total soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Field trials were established on commercial farms with grape, blueberry, strawberry, and raspberry production systems in plots that received wood-based biochar and no biochar in spring (April to May). Small fruits were harvested at their ripening stage for yield and quality evaluation in fall (July to October). Biochar application did not improve yield and quality parameters of small fruits except it gave a marginal higher yield of grape (3.7 vs. 4.4 t ha-1, P = 0.08) and a higher average fruit weight of strawberry (11.9 vs. 13.2 g, P < 0.05). There was no difference in the quality of the fruit from biochar-amended and control plots in the first year of biochar application, possibly because the quality parameters are affected more by weather conditions, handling, and storage than by soil quality. This work suggests that wood-based biochar (<5 t ha-1) has a limited first-year impact on small fruit yield and quality in southern Quebec, Canada.

scholarly journals Effect of sucralose and biostimulant on pre-and postharvest of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Elliot ) under organic and conventional production systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Nelson Eduardo Loyola lópez ◽  
Flavio Aguirre Poblete ◽  
Oscar Godoy Astudillo
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Conventional Production

<p><em></em>Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Elliot) from organic and conventional sources were subjected to either a pre-harvest application with an organic biostimulant or a post-harvest coverage with sucralose. Fruits were assessed in terms of firmness, dry matter, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, sensory attributes and color, during storage at 0 °C and RH of 90%, for a period of 21 days. Each trial with three treatments: T0correspondingto the control, T1to an application of biostimulant, 22 days before harvest, and T2 to a post-harvest coverage with sucralose. Fruits were evaluated in sensory aspect, with the participation of thirteen panelists, on day fifteen after being harvested and stored. Evaluations of both maturity and quality parameters were performed on days 1,7, 14and 21post-harvest.Pre-harvest treatment with the organic biostimulant showed a higher variation in dry matter and soluble solids, but these variations are not significant. The group with a coverage of Sucralose showed a significant increase in fruit firmness. The best sensory evaluation, was given by the panelists to the organic farming. Fruit measurements, such as color, ascorbic acid and colorimetry showed no significant differences in the results</p><p> </p>

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