scholarly journals Think Different? Populist Attitudes, Their Antecedents and Consequences on Vote Behaviour and Outcome Evaluation in the 2016 And 2020 Italian Constitutional Referenda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Bertolotti ◽  
Claudia Leone ◽  
Patrizia Catellani
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Vote Behaviour ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Item Scale

Following the rise of populist parties and leaders in the last decade, research has extensively investigated the political and economic factors that have driven some voters towards populism. Less research has been devoted to the individual psychological factors associated with populist attitudes, and to how those can influence political decisions, such as vote choice in an election or referendum. In this study, we analysed data from the 2016 and 2020 ITANES panel surveys, where populist attitudes were measured by a 6-item scale. Findings indicate that populist attitudes were associated with relevant psychosocial factors, such as nationalism, political efficacy, and conspiracist beliefs. Populist attitudes in turn explained part of the variance in vote choice at both referenda, after controlling for reform evaluation and political orientation. Furthermore we found that voters with strong populist attitudes had a tendency to engage in motivated reasoning in the form of the biased evaluation of the foreseeability of the referendum results, making simplified and self-reassuring evaluations aligned with their vote choice. The discussion focuses on how populism as a political phenomenon can be rooted in relevant individual differences in the psychological features of voters.

ROLE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT’S CREATIVE ABILITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Ismail Altynbilek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Creative Activity ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Creative Ability ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Features ◽  
Development Of Students

This article discusses the modern education system, strengthening the requirements for teachers to educate the individual as free, creative, cultural and active, as well as the current role of the development of creative abilities in students. Also, based on scientists’ researches, the meaning and content of concepts such as creativity, creative activity, ability, and the fact that these concepts provide an opportunity to define the concept of “student's creative ability” are written. It was found out that creative ability is a complex of individual psychological features that successfully allow you to implement actions that meet all the requirements for creating material and spiritual values, as well as for inventing new products and findings. In the framework of the study of issues on the restoration and development of students' creative abilities, the components of students' creative abilities development are presented.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSTICS TA SHLYAKHIV FORMUVANNYA VIDPOVIDALNOSTI SPECIFICATIONS MAYBUTNIKH FAKHIVTSIV

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Stepanov ◽  
Albina Venger
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Features

The article studies the psychophysiological features of drivers and their impact on road safety. The levels of psychophysiological “danger” and psychological characteristics of drivers are studied based on the analysis of their professional activity. The individual psychological features of drivers caused by disorders of mental regulation of their behavior are determined. The authors propose to improve the system of psychological training of drivers, taking into account the factors of “dangerous driving”.

scholarly journals Cognitive Style, Selectivity, and Reinforcement: Toward Clarifying the Role of Political Ideology in the Reception of Political Communication

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eike Mark Rinke ◽  
Julia Lück
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Communication Effects ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Political Perceptions ◽  
The Individual

This essay examines the importance of political ideology for the occurrence of political communication effects on the individual level. It is a common assumption in this research area that people tend to be selective about the political information they expose themselves to and also to selectively process it. Selective exposure and selective perception processes are mainly based on the dominant political orientation of the recipient, which usually leads to a reinforcement of preexisting political perceptions and attitudes. We review recent research on selective exposure and perceptions and argue for greater involvement of findings in social psychology regarding differences in cognitive styles that underlie individual policy orientations and justify why and how these findings can promote the study of partisan selectivity in the reception of political communication. We conclude by highlighting theoretical and methodological perspectives arising from the proposed extension of research on selectivity in the process of receiving political communication. [Publication of this chapter in the public domain courtesy of Frank & Timme publishers. Publisher website: http://www.frank-timme.de/verlag/verlagsprogramm/buch/verlagsprogramm/kathrin-mokmichael-stahl-hg-politische-kommunikation-heute/]

scholarly journals Psychological Features of the Tolerance of Future Specialists in Socionomic Professions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Barabashchuk ◽  
Mariana Dushkevych ◽  
Natalia Hutsuliak
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Foreign Language Teachers ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Features

It is a set on the basis of theoretical researchers, that the modern specialist of the sphere of «Man-Man», except the certain volume of professional abilities and knowledge, must own personality-mature qualities: to show readiness for self-development and self-perfection; make a decision on their own; have their own system of values and be able to correlate their own vital persuasions with the senses and stereotypes of society. For this reason, development of their tolerance as a constituent of professionalism is important in the professional preparation of specialists of socio-economic professions. Tolerance is not just a tolerance for others' thoughts, beliefs and behaviour, it is a purposeful effort on the part of the individual to create an information space that promotes harmony, interpersonal cooperation, emotional tact and respect. The empirical study involved 40 second-year students, including psychology students and foreign language teachers. The psychodiagnostic complex of methods presented in the article made it possible to obtain reliable research results. A comparative analysis of respondents' indicators showed that «tolerance» as a personal quality is significant for both groups. It is stated that psychology students are more tolerant of representatives of different social strata, while foreign language students are tolerant of ethnic minorities. The study found that future psychologists seeking to assert their beliefs and considerations, if the situation becomes conflictual, can be harsh. Future teachers are more critical of themselves and their opinions, showing tact and understanding to manifest «paradoxical» actions, even if they do not agree with them. The overall tolerance index of the two groups under study indicates that their behaviour and attitudes towards the world, people and events will depend on the particular social situation they are currently in.

Relationship between team learning and team effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Elizabeth Puente-Palacios ◽  
Raquel Trinchão de Jesus Barouh
Keyword(s):  
Team Learning ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Team Potency ◽  
Collective Process ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is two-fold: first, to demonstrate that learning occurs as a collective process in addition to traditional individual learning and second, to identify its antecedents and consequences at the team level. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered using questionnaires answered by 356 participants organized in 90 teams. Quantitative analytic strategies were applied to verify if individual answers of team members were similar enough to compound team scores and to measure the predictive power of the proposed model. Findings Results showed that team learning is a collective phenomenon: intra-team differences were small and differences between teams were significant. Additional results demonstrated that team learning is predicted by team potency (34%) and, at the group level, explains 5% of the team’s satisfaction. Practical implications The findings of the present research suggest that organizational managers can improve the results of teams by supporting the development of social processes such as potency and learning. Originality/value Learning in organizations has received close attention in recent years. However, publications are focusing mostly on the individual learning that occurs in teams and organizations. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate what characterizes team learning as a collective process and which relations it maintains with other team processes.

Psychological Perspectives on Religious Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-89
Author(s):  
Leslie J. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Attitudinal Dimension

Abstract In this publication the contributions made by the individual differences tradition of psychology over the past 50 years to research in religious education are reviewed and assessed. In this context religious education is conceived broadly to embrace what takes place in schools, within religious communities, and within households across the age span. The opening section roots the analysis within the tradition of developmental psychology and the research that flourished in the area of religious development during the 1960s. It is from these foundations that current interest in the individual differences approach emerges. Subsequent sections examine the centrality of the attitudinal dimension of religion, discuss the place of personality in the individual differences tradition, explore sex as a core individual difference in religion, map the correlates, antecedents and consequences of individual differences in religious affect or attitudes, review research into the distinctiveness and effectiveness of church schools and the family in religious nurture, identify the factors that account for individual differences in attitude toward religious diversity, explore the relevance of the individual differences tradition for adult religious education, and explore the implications of the individual differences tradition for biblical hermeneutics and discipleship learning.

Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Dash) Questionnaire: Determining Functional Activity Profiles in Patients with Upper Extremity Disorders

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JESTER ◽  
A. HARTH ◽  
G. WIND ◽  
G. GERMANN ◽  
M. SAUERBIER
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exploratory Testing ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Standardized Measure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dash Questionnaire

The Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a standardized measure which captures the patients’ own perspective of their upper extremity health status. Based on the scores of the DASH modules: symptoms, function and sport, this follow-up study of 590 hand-injured subjects from 11 diagnostic groups evaluated impairments and disabilities perceived 2 to 5 years postoperatively. Secondly, we explored the relationships between the diagnostic groups at the individual DASH item level. Exploratory testing of statistical significance showed that the DASH modules differentiated well among the groups (ANOVA P-value 0.001) and further differences existed at the item level, so that functional activity problem profiles could be developed for each diagnostic group. Our findings confirm that the DASH is a useful instrument for outcome evaluation. Moreover, in view of the continuing challenge to provide comprehensive care which meets patients’ needs in the shortest space of time, we consider that DASH has potential in the development of patient-centred treatment programmes which are tailored to the individual patients’ requirements and have relevance to their daily activities.

Partisanship, Militarized International Conflict, and Electoral Support for the Incumbent

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane P. Singh ◽  
Jaroslav Tir
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Interstate Disputes ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Militarized Interstate Disputes

Comparative politics scholarship often neglects to consider how militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) shape political behavior. In this project, we advance an argument that considers voter responses to international conflict at the individual level. In particular, we consider how the well-known conditioning effects of partisanship manifest in relation to militarized international conflict. Examining individual- and macro-level data across ninety-seven elections in forty-two countries over the 1996–2011 period, we find consistent evidence of militarized conflict impacting vote choice. This relationship is, however, moderated by partisanship, conflict side (initiator or target), and conflict hostility level. Among non-copartisan voters, the incumbent benefits the most electorally from initiating low-hostility MIDs or when the country is a target of a high-hostility MID; the opposite scenarios (initiator of a high-hostility MID or target of a low-hostility MID) lead to punishment among this voter group. Copartisans, meanwhile, tend to either maintain or intensify their support in most scenarios we examine; when a country is targeted in a low-hostility MID, copartisan support erodes mildly.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HUMOR AS A METHOD OF REGULATING EMOTIONAL STATES OF A PERSON IN DIFFERENT PSYCHOTHERAPY SCHOOLS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Volzhentseva
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychophysiological State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Spiritual Potential ◽  
Psychological Features

The article provides a theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the problem of emotional states and their regulation. As part of the response levels of states – mental, physiological, behavioral - humor is proposed as a method of gelotology / laughter therapy. The positive impact of humor and laughter on the psychophysiological state of a person, his cognitive and spiritual potential is noted. The structure of the use of humor in the framework of gaming activities is given. The positive psychotherapeutic effect of using gerontology in the regulation of emotional states of the individual in different psychotherapeutic schools is analyzed. The use of humor in psychotherapeutic paradigms and counseling is systematized.Keywords: humor, gelotology, emotional states, regulation, psychotherapy schools, counseling.

scholarly journals Corporate Entrepreneurship, Strategy Formulation, and the Performance of the Nigerian Manufacturing Sector

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun OMISORE
Keyword(s):  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Individual

Corporate entrepreneurship is a process that encourages formulating and implementing new ideas, taking risks, and creating new ideas to start new businesses. It is associated with innovation, which results in entrepreneur wealth and adds value for an organisation and the customers that buy the products. The Nigerian manufacturing sector has been underperforming in the past decade with numerous firms in the sector operating at less than 30% of initially installed capacity. Despite various industrial transformation programmes initiated by the successive governments to boost manufacturing outputs, most firms in this sector do not seem to have made any significant progress in response. Reasons for this underperformance is arguably due to the misalignment between ‘externally-driven’ policies and the ‘internal processes’ within the individual firms of various sizes. To explore and unravel the undercurrents impelling the seeming strategy- environment misalignment, this study takes a recourse to the strategic management literature. It draws from the intersectionality of strategy-environment congruence and the attendant moderating effect on performance. In order to drill down to conceptual specifics, it builds on the 3Cs framework (competence, commitment and co-ordination) initially propounded by Jha and Iyer (2007). Based on a sample of 32 manufacturing firms and leaning on the qualitative methodological approach (using interpretative phenomenological analysis), the study sought to gain situated, contextual, insights into the perceptions of the phenomenon as demonstrable in the strategic configuration. It interrogated respective processes of strategy formulation and implementation in the degree to which they are moderated by the contending environmental variables and the cumulative impact on corporate performance. This is the level of analysis at which corporate entrepreneurship behaviour, in terms of both antecedents and consequences, profoundly manifests itself; mirroring management behaviour, sensitivity and predilections towards environmental scanning capabilities. The sample of firms was drawn from firms of varying sizes in four geopolitical zones of Nigeria – South West, South East, South, and North Central. Results indicate profound ambivalences in the nature of the operating environment and the signals emitted there from which, in turn, truncates entrepreneurial behaviours of firms. Essentially, negative perceptions of the environment militated against strategic coherence, thus adversely impacting corporate performances. Essentially, the eclectic 3Cs paradigm holds strong explanatory as well as diagnostic force in explicating the setbacks of the Nigerian manufacturing sector. The analytical prism is a novelty and offers tremendous latitude for sketching out appropriate turnaround intervention strategies.

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