scholarly journals Against Dignity: An Argument for a Non-Metaphysical Foundation of Animal Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Tomasz Pietrzykowski
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Animal Law ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Viable Model

Animal protection as an emerging field of legislation needs to be constitutionalized as well as comprehensively expounded by legal scholars. As it is a growing body of regulation and accompanying legal theories, it needs to develop a solid conceptual and axiological framework, in particular a set of basic values and principles on which detailed rules are to be founded. Lacking these, the domain of animal law is still in the pre-paradigm stage and remains an assemblage of dispersed ideas, concepts and regulatory measures. It yet has to develop into a coherent whole that may grow to be a mature regulatory and doctrinal domain of the law. In order to reach this stage, it should be founded on clear theoretical and constitutional grounds. Lacking those, its further development, and effective operation may be seriously impeded. There seem to be two basic approaches that may serve as the possible foundations for a viable model of animal protection law. The first may be referred to as the “dignity” approach and the other, as the “sentientist” approach. According to the first of those two approaches, animal protection law should rely on the concept of animal dignity as its philosophical foundation. The second approach rejects the idea that the concept of animal dignity as the basis for the relevant legislation as philosophically dubious and entailing objectionable normative consequences for the scope and content of legal protections of animals. Thus, it aims rather at legal norms and policies being based directly on scientifically informed theories of sentience, evolutionarily developed nervous structures underlying cognitive and emotional capabilities or species-typical biological and psychological needs that condition the subjective well-being of a given creature. The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss both these approaches and to argue that the former is philosophically, conceptually and practically flawed. The second approach, even despite some serious disadvantages, is therefore deemed to be preferable and more promising.

Prosocial tendencies and subjective well-being: The mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Linlin Feng ◽  
Lelin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Needs Satisfaction ◽  
Prosocial Tendencies ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction

We linked self-determination theory and prosociality, and explored the mediating role of three dimensions of basic psychological needs satisfaction, namely, competence, autonomy, and relatedness, in the relationship between prosocial tendencies and subjective well-being. We explored these relationships using a cross-sectional research design with 1,106 Chinese adults. Results show that the public prosocial tendencies of men (vs. women) were higher, and competence, autonomy, and relatedness mediated the positive relationship between prosocial tendencies and subjective well-being. The indirect effect of relatedness was stronger than those of competence and autonomy, demonstrating the importance of relatedness in a collectivistic society like China. Our findings deepen understanding of the underlying mechanisms between prosociality and subjective well-being as mediated by basic psychological needs satisfaction, and may encourage people to engage in prosocial behavior.

Gender Differences in Self-Determined Motivation and Subjective Well-Being of Adapted Sport Athletes Members of the Special with Intellectual and Developmental Difficulties Members (Diferencias de género en la motivación autodeterminada y el bienestar sub

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 328-334
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Martins Domingues ◽  
Jorge Manuel Folgado dos Santos ◽  
João Julio Matos Serrano ◽  
Marco Batista ◽  
João Manuel Duarte Petrica
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Adapted Sports

The Theory of Self-Determination has been used as a theoretical model of support in several studies on motivation in Sport. In this sense, we realize that motivation is a topic to which researchers have devoted much of their time, however, when researching adapted sports, and the person with Intellectual and Developmental Difficulty we observe a shortage in research. This study aimed to verify the levels of self-determination and subjective well-being of athletes members of the Special Olympics of Portugal, and ii) to compare the variables under analysis according to gender. In this quantitative study participated 94 athletes of Adapted Sports, aged between 11 and 63 years (ẋ=32.61 ± SD=13.8) of both genders, competitors of individual and collective sports. The monitoring instruments used were Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNES), Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) and Positive and Negative Attachment Scale (PANAS). Data analysis was based on the verification of the internal consistency of the scales applied through the calculation of alpha and Cronbach, descriptive analysis of data and application for gender comparison through the nonparametric test U Mann-Whitney, as well as a linear regression, meeting a significance level of 0.05. As a result, we observed that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and motivation predict good levels of life satisfaction also of positive attachment. We also found statistically significant differences in life satisfaction and negative attachments when comparing gender outcomes. Resumen. La Teoría de la Autodeterminación se ha utilizado como modelo teórico de apoyo en varios estudios sobre la motivación en el Deporte. En este sentido, nos damos cuenta de que la motivación es un tema al que los investigadores han dedicado gran parte de su tiempo, sin embargo, a la hora de investigar deportes adaptados, y la persona con Dificultad Intelectual y de Desarrollo observamos una escasez en la investigación. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los niveles de autodeterminación y bienestar subjetivo de los atletas miembros de las Olimpiadas Especiales de Portugal, y ii) comparar las variables bajo análisis según género. En este estudio cuantitativo participaron 94 deportistas de Deportes Adaptados, con edades entre 11 y 63 años (ẋ = 32,61 ± DE = 13,8) de ambos sexos, competidores de deportes individuales y colectivos. Los instrumentos de seguimiento utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Regulación Conductual en el Deporte (BRSQ), la Escala de Ejercicio de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (BPNES), la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) y la Escala de Apego Positivo y Negativo (PANAS). El análisis de los datos se basó en la verificación de la consistencia interna de las escalas aplicadas mediante el cálculo de alfa y Cronbach, análisis descriptivo de los datos y aplicación para la comparación de género mediante la prueba no paramétrica U Mann-Whitney, así como una regresión lineal, cumpliendo un nivel de significancia de 0.05. Como resultado, observamos que la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación predicen buenos niveles de satisfacción con la vida también del apego positivo. También encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la satisfacción con la vida y los apegos negativos al comparar los resultados de género.

Mediating Role of Interpersonal Interactions Between Chinese Farmers' Social Networks and their Subjective Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Yu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Interpersonal Interactions ◽  
The Impact

As more than half the population of China lives in rural areas, farmers' subjective well-being is important to the maintenance of socialism in the countryside and the Chinese people's target of comprehensively building a prosperous society. Using data collected in the 2012 Chinese General Social Survey, we built a regression model to examine the impact of farmers' social networks on their subjective well-being, and the mediating effect of their interpersonal interactions on this relationship. Results showed that farmers' social networks had a positive impact on their overall subjective well-being, which was, in turn, mediated by their interpersonal interactions. Farmers with well-developed social networks tended to have effective interpersonal interactions that satisfied their social psychological needs and enhanced their subjective well-being. Our findings provide a valuable reference for enhancing the subjective well-being of farmers in China.

scholarly journals The Ratio of Social Activity and Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs, Subjective Well-being and Social Frustration of Young People

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-195
Author(s):  
R.M. Shamionov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Young People ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Well Being

The study of the ratio of meeting the basic needs, subjective well-being, social frustration and commitment to various forms of activity will help to understand the internal regulation of young people’s social behavior. Such scientific knowledge is necessary to expand the opportunities for social self-determination of young people and risk management of social activity. The purpose is to study the ratio of meeting the basic needs, characteristics of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and happiness experience), social frustration and social activity of young people, to identify direct and indirect effects using structural equation modeling. 305 people took part in the study. We used the questionnaire aimed at evaluating the inclusion in various social activity types, and the Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (Johnston, Finney, 2010), the Life Satisfaction Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin, 1985), the Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, Lepper, 1999), and the Social Frustration Scale (Wasserman, 2004). We have established that meeting the basic needs, life satisfaction, and happiness are associated with commitment to various forms of social activity. The highest level of determination (in terms of the number of correlations and the closeness of connections) was found in relation to leisure, educational and developmental, religious (positive) and radical protest (negative) activity. At the same time, satisfaction of the need for competence is the most im-portant in motivating different forms of activity. Civil, socio-economic, and educational-developmental activities are associated with social satisfaction in various areas (the content of their work, life prospects, services and medical services, leisure activities, etc.), and social frustration is associated positively with protest, radical protest, and only in one case (dissatis-faction with security), with subcultural activity. Satisfaction of basic needs accounts for 2 to 15% of variations in commitment to various forms of social activity, and life satisfaction accounts for about 22% of variations in social activity.

scholarly journals Clarifying the Concept of Well-Being: Psychological Need Satisfaction as the Common Core Connecting Eudaimonic and Subjective Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Martela ◽  
Kennon M. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
Measurement Strategies ◽  
Psychological Need Satisfaction

Interest in the experience of well-being, as both a research topic and as a policy goal, has significantly increased in recent decades. Although subjective well-being (SWB)—composed of positive affect, low negative affect, and life satisfaction—is the most commonly used measure of well-being, many experts have argued that another important dimension of well-being, often referred to as eudaimonic well-being (EWB), should be measured alongside SWB. EWB, however, has been operationalized in at least 45 different ways, using measures of at least 63 different constructs. These diverse measurement strategies often have little overlap, leading to discrepant results and making the findings of different studies difficult to compare. Building on the Eudaimonic Activity Model, we propose a tripartite conception of well-being, distinguishing between eudaimonic motives/activities, psychological need satisfaction, and SWB, arguing that the needs category provides a parsimonious set of elements at the core of the well-being construct. Based on the self-determination theory claim that all human beings share evolved psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, we show that satisfaction of all three needs directly affect SWB and other health and wellness outcomes, can efficiently explain the effects of various behaviors and conditions upon well-being outcomes, and are universally impactful across cultures. We conclude that routinely measuring psychological needs alongside SWB within national and international surveys would give policymakers a parsimonious way to assess eudaimonic dimensions of wellness and provide powerful mediator variables for explaining how various cultural, economic, and social factors concretely affect citizens’ well-being and health.

College students' trait gratitude and subjective well-being mediated by basic psychological needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yanhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Trait Gratitude ◽  
Insight Into

I explored how trait gratitude affects subjective well-being and whether this relationship is mediated by the fulfillment of basic psychological needs. Participants were 481 Chinese undergraduate students, who responded to measures of trait gratitude, basic psychological needs fulfillment, and subjective well-being (SWB). The results revealed that trait gratitude, fulfillment of basic psychological needs, and SWB were significantly correlated with each other. Further, structural equation modeling results indicated that trait gratitude was a significant predictor of SWB, and this effect was partially mediated by the fulfillment of basic psychological needs. My findings provide new insight into the mechanism of how gratitude can promote SWB.

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