scholarly journals Phenological features of development for the apricot cultivars in connection with the changing climate

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
V. V. Korzin ◽  
N. V. Mesyats
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
June July ◽  
Term Data

The aim of the research was to study the influence of weather and climatic environmental factors on the formation of the apricot productivity of various origins. The objects of research were 45 apricot cultivars planted on the collection area in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. Phenological observations, yield accepting and determination of plant productivity of different apricot cultivars were done in accordance with generally accepted methods. When analyzing the data of phenological observations during the past 13 years due to climate change, acceleration of flowering and ripening have not been identified. The excess of monthly average precipitation with low monthly average air temperatures leads to a delay of the beginning of flowering of apricot plants by 1-3 weeks. The excess of monthly average air temperature during the period of formation (April-May) and fruit ripening (June-July), as well as a significant decrease in the amount of precipitation relative to their long-term average, accelerates the fruit ripening period. For the studied cultivars, it ranged from 1 to 3 weeks, in comparison with long-term data. Apricot cultivars and forms that better adapted to new growing conditions and have several valuable characteristics were selected: Large Early, Bucuria, Magister, Mandule Kajszi, Sanatate, Stokk, Ketch-Pshar (early or late ripening is combined with high yield; later flowering is combined with early or late fruit ripening). They are of interest for production testing, amateur gardeners and breeders.

The Shift towards Smart, Green and Integrated Raw Materials Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Eva Oravcová ◽  
Miroslav Zelko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Supervision System ◽  
Requirements Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Term Data

Comprehensive environmental observation, eco-innovation and smartization are essential to ensure the delivery of the long-term data and information required to address the shift towards smart, green and integrated raw materials efficiency. For this reason we need the mine-wide digitalization and informatization base model, an advanced mine-wide decision support system and a smart supervision system to supervise and control the production, back to predefined short-term production targets with most likelihood and optimal approaches. There are three main steps to be taken: analysis, evaluation and determination of the shift requirements, development of the models as well as modeling of the scenarios and connection to the smart platform for the support of the decision makers. The paper aims to consider what would be required for a raw materials area to operate as a modern smart technology-supported business. It attempts to provide a vision of some future smart architectures scenarios.

scholarly journals Genotypic assessment of productivity and quality of berries of strawberry varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Vadim Lapshin ◽  
Valentina Yakovenko ◽  
Sergey Shcheglov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
High Responsiveness ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics ◽  
Term Data

The genotypical potential of strawberry varieties is the basis for the implementation of economically valuable crop indicators in specific growing conditions. Assessment of the variability of productivity traits and quality of berries is one of the key directions in many modern studies on the selection and variety study of garden strawberries. The goal of this work was to assess strawberry varieties by a complex of characteristics of the yield structure and fruit quality, taking into account their genotypic characteristics, as well as to identify of their hereditary potential in regional cultivation conditions. The analysis of long-term data on 17 varieties of strawberries has been carried out. Using the methods of two-way analysis of variance, contributions of the principal components and Ward’s cluster analysis, an assessment was made of the variability of the taken into account traits in strawberry varieties. Combining the studied varieties into groups made it possible to identify the best forms by the valuable traits. A high responsiveness to the cultivation conditions in the Krasnodar region was established for the varieties Nelli, Alba, Florence, Elegia, Honeoye, Onda and Vima Xima in accordance with their genotypic potential.

scholarly journals Features of the phenological phases of introduced strawberry cultivars in the conditions of the Orel region

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
M. I. Zubkova ◽  
S. D. Knyazev ◽  
I. E. Evtikhova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars ◽  
Phenological Phases

Relevance. The study of the timing and duration of individual phases of the development of strawberry cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin in these climatic conditions is of great practical importance. The purpose of the study was the determination of the timing of the main phenophases of introduced strawberry cultivars in the Orel region, the compliance of the phenorhythms of the studied cultivars with climatic conditions, as well as the ranking of the cultivars by the terms of flowering and maturation.Methods and materials. The article presents the results of phenological observations for the period 2016-2019. 34 strawberry cultivars of domestic and foreign selection were studied. The research was carried out at the VNIISPK site of primary variety study.Results. Based on long - term observations, on the time of entry into the flowering and fruiting phase, the cultivars were ranked into early, medium and late-maturing. The influence of effective temperatures on the onset of phenophases was analyzed. The sum of effective temperatures necessary for the beginning of flowering of strawberry cultivars of different maturation periods in the conditions of the Orel region was determined. For the onset of strawberry flowering, it takes from126.68 to 260.37°effective temperatures. Early cultivars need the sum of effective temperatures of 126.68-197.55°, cultivars of middle maturation need 146.31-225.44°, late cultivars - 159.93-260.37 depending on the year of study. Fruiting occurs at the sum of effective temperatures in early cultivars from 351.73°C to 465.43°C, in middle-maturing cultivars from 390.96 to 535.44°C, in late-maturing cultivars from 450°C to 649°C.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the carrot gene pool for yield and quality indicators at Volgograd Experiment Station of VIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
V. E. Pryanishnikova ◽  
T. V. Khmelinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Yields

The Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain is among the areas with insufficient rainfall, where high air temperatures in summer are coupled with low humidity. An urgent task is to select carrot cultivars adapted to irrigated cultivation conditions. For this purpose, 101 carrot accessions of diverse origin were studied at Volgograd Experiment Station. The study was accomplished according to the guidelines developed by VIR.The tested carrot accessions demonstrated different responses to abrupt changes in the temperature and water regimes. At the same time, differences were found in the yield and quality of roots. An important indicator was the stability of root yield. High-yielding cultivars with relatively stable yields were identified: ‘Nesravnennaya’ (k-1528, Russia), ‘Leninakanskaya’ (k-1936, Armenia), ‘Asmer Early market’ (k-2304, UK), and ‘Konservnaya-63’ (k-2320, Moldova). High yields and good marketability were shown by cvs. ‘Nantes’ (k-1438, Bulgaria), ‘Leninakanskaya’ (k-1936, Armenia), ‘Danvers’ (k-2167, USA), ‘Konservnaya-63’ (к2320, Moldova), ‘All Season’ (k-2598, Australia), and ‘Rogneda’ (k-2611, Russia). These cultivars originated mostly from arid areas. The content of chemical compounds in roots was highly variable, depending on the cultivar (hybrid) and, in particular, on the growing conditions. For example, the sugar content ranged from 3.0 to 6.85%, ascorbic acid from 7.9 to 12.2 mg/100 g, and carotene from 9.5 to 17.9 mg/100 g. The tests revealed a considerable variability in main agronomic characters of the carrot accessions, especially when high-yielding cultivars were concerned: they were the most sensitive to cultivation in arid environments and suffered a decrease in marketability. As a result of the study, carrot accessions combining high yield, good marketability and beneficial chemical composition were identified. They are promising for breeding programs aimed at the development of cultivars adaptable to high summer temperatures and low humidity. 

scholarly journals Control of butters in lines culinaris medic

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
V. Reznik ◽  
S. Moshkovska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Goal. To develop an effective system for the protection of crops of lentils from weeds by chemical methods. Objective: to investigate the dynamics of the processes of weed infestation, the species composition of weeds, the structure, number and mass of weeds; to study the factors of the negative impact of weeds on lentil plants in the process of their joint vegetation; search and evaluation in field conditions of the effectiveness of herbicides and their compositions on edible lentil crops. Methods. Common and special methods: field — the study of the influence of growing conditions and winter hardiness on the performance indicators of edible lentils; laboratory — determination of quantitative and qualitative signs; statistical — the establishment of mathematical models and statistical dependencies between the studied factors and processes. Results. It has been established that with the use of the herbicide Zenkor, 70WG, the consumption rate of 0.6 kg / ha of edible lentil yield was 1.45 t / ha and was the highest in the experience with the use of herbicides. Conclusion. Edible lentil weeds are dangerous competitors for life factors of plant crops. The presence of weeds in crops during the entire vegetation can reduce the yield of seeds by 86.7%. For a high yield of lentil seed, reliable protection against weeds is a prerequisite.

scholarly journals Mean age of stratospheric air derived from AirCore observations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Engel ◽  
Harald Bönisch ◽  
Markus Ullrich ◽  
Robert Sitals ◽  
Olivier Membrive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Significant Positive Trend ◽  
Stratospheric Balloon ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Mean age of stratospheric air can be derived from observations of sufficiently long lived trace gases with approximately linear trends in the troposphere. Mean age can serve as a tracer to investigate stratospheric transport and long term changes in the strength of the overturning Brewer-Dobson circulation of the stratosphere. For this purpose, a low-cost method is required in order to allow for regular observations up to altitudes of about 30 km. Despite the desired low costs, high precision and accuracy are required in order to allow determination of mean age. We present balloon borne AirCore observations from two mid latitude sites: Timmins in Ontario/Canada and Lindenberg in Germany. During the Timmins campaign five AirCores sampled air in parallel from a large stratospheric balloon and were analysed for CO2, CH4 and partly CO. We show that there is good agreement between the different AirCores (better than 0.1 %) especially when vertical gradients are small. The measurements from Lindenberg were performed using small low-cost balloons and yielded very comparable results. We have used the observations to extend our long term data set of mean age observations at Northern Hemi-sphere mid latitudes. The time series now covers more than 40 years and shows a small, statis-tically not significant positive trend of 0.15 ± 0.18 years/decade. This trend is slightly smaller than the previous estimate of 0.24 ± 0.22 years/decade which was based on observations up to the year 2006. These observations are still in contrast to strong negative trends of mean age as derived from some model calculations.

Surviving under pressure and protection: a review of the biology, ecology and population status of the highly vulnerable grouper Epinephelus daemelii

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm P. Francis ◽  
David Harasti ◽  
Hamish A. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Rock Pools ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Reef Habitat ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Complex Habitat ◽  
Term Data

Epinephelus daemelii is a threatened serranid grouper species that is restricted to the south-western Pacific Ocean, ranging from eastern Australia to northern New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands. Declines in its abundance due to fishing pressure were reported as early as 1916. Aspects of this species’ biology and behaviour that make it vulnerable include its longevity, late age at maturity, protogynous hermaphroditism, territoriality and limited shallow reef habitat. Adults prefer complex habitat with caves and overhangs at depths of less than 50m, whereas juveniles live in rock pools, shallow intertidal reefs and estuaries. Epinephelus daemelii lives at least 65 years and reaches 170-cm total length. Individuals change sex from female to male at ~100–110cm and ~25 years. Absence of large (>100cm) fish across a large part of their range has implications for reproduction. Although nearly fully protected, incidental bycatch still occurs. A lack of long-term data hinders determination of population status, but abundance appears to be much lower than before, except in remote regions (Kermadec Islands, Elizabeth and Middleton reefs) with extensive no-fishing areas. Further prohibitions on fishing in key locations are likely to be important for the recovery and long-term survival of this species.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Long-Term Changes in Air Temperatures Near the Ground Surface in the Central Baltic Coastal Area

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Agu Eensaar
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Term Change

The peculiarities of the long-term change of the annual and monthly average air temperatures until 2017 in five cities of the coastal area of the Central Baltic region—Stockholm, Tallinn, Riga, Helsinki, and Saint Petersburg—were studied. The anomalies of the annual and monthly average air temperatures in relation to the average characteristics 1961–1990 were analyzed. The trends in the air temperature changes during 1980–2017, which come to 0.5 °C per ten years, have been found in the cities of the Central Baltic coastal area. The average air temperature in the Central Baltic cities has grown faster than the global and northern hemisphere. For the longer period of 1850–2017, the average annual rise of air temperature was within the range of 0.1 °C per ten years. The rise in temperature in different months is different, and the rise of the of the average temperature in the summer period has not occurred (at a significance level of 0.05). With the analysis of the frequency distributions of the average annual air temperatures and Welch’s t-test, it is demonstrated that the air temperature (at a significance level of 0.05) has risen in all the months only in Saint Petersburg during 1901–2017 in comparison to the 19th century. There has been no reliable rise of the air temperature during the century in February and from June to September in Riga, from June to October in Helsinki, from June to September in Stockholm, and in August and September in Tallinn. It was found that the average air temperature trends have a certain annual course. The air temperature has risen most in March and April, reaching 0.09 °C (Stockholm, Tallinn) up to 0.23 °C (Saint Petersburg) per ten years. From June to September, the rise of air temperature is considerably lower, remaining below 0.04 °C per ten years. The changes in air temperature are small during the summer and mid-winter; the air temperature has significantly risen in autumn and spring.

Millet pollen quality depending on the growing conditions and varietal characteristics

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
V. Dryga
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Pollen Formation ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Rock Variety

The aim of the study is to find out the features of forming the quality of pollen grains, namely their size and viability, depending on the growing conditions and varietal characteristics of switchgrass. The research deals with the peculiarities of millet pollen grains formation, depending on the conditions of vegetation and varietal composition, as the pollen quality – its size and viability – affects the seeds germination. It was established that the pollen quality depended both on the conditions of the growing season and varietal composition. Thus, in the 2018 growing season the weather conditions in the flowering phase (July) were favorable for the viable pollen formation, and high temperatures in August, exceeding 35 oC after 11:00 am at the absence of precipitation affected the viability of the pollen. In all the varieties, the viability of pollen was low. The most viable pollen was in the Morozko variety and the least viable – in the Cave-in-Rock variety, which negatively affected the seed germination. Pollen grains are spherical in form and colorless. They were not uniform in size both depending on the genotype and the growing conditions. In 2018 the pollen grains size ranged from 29 to 60 microns, in 2019 – from 5.2 to 57.2 microns. In 2019, the smaller pollen formed compared to 2018 due to high average daily air temperatures that exceeded average daily long-term values and due to significant moisture deficiency. Millet pollen is not homogeneous, depending on the both genotype and vegetation conditions. In 2018, which was favorable for pollen formation, the size varied from 29 to 60 microns, and in the less favorable 2019, it was smaller and ranged from 5.2 to 57.2 microns. The largest size of pollen grains formed in the Sunburst variety compared to other varieties. The most uniform – 85.3 % of the total amount – was the pollen in the Cave-in-Rock variety. Key words: pollen grains, quality, pollen size, viability, pollen form, variability, uniform.

Preparation And elemental analysis of ancient fibers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Allen Angel ◽  
Kathryn A. Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging

Fabrics recovered from archaeological sites often are so badly degraded that fiber identification based on physical morphology is difficult. Although diagenetic changes may be viewed as destructive to factors necessary for the discernment of fiber information, changes occurring during any stage of a fiber's lifetime leave a record within the fiber's chemical and physical structure. These alterations may offer valuable clues to understanding the conditions of the fiber's growth, fiber preparation and fabric processing technology and conditions of burial or long term storage (1).Energy dispersive spectrometry has been reported to be suitable for determination of mordant treatment on historic fibers (2,3) and has been used to characterize metal wrapping of combination yarns (4,5). In this study, a technique is developed which provides fractured cross sections of fibers for x-ray analysis and elemental mapping. In addition, backscattered electron imaging (BSI) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS) are utilized to correlate elements to their distribution in fibers.

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