scholarly journals Research Using Metal Detectors at the Battlefield of Muhi : Community Archaeology, Battlefield Investigation and Related Methodological Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
József Laszlovszky ◽  
Tibor Ákos Rácz
Keyword(s):  
Community Archaeology ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Hungarian Society ◽  
New Information ◽  
Historical Episode ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
Indirect Information ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Written Sources

The defeat of the Hungarian forces at the battle of Muhi was a key historical episode, since it opened the country to the Mongol invasion. This event had complex consequences that have not yet been fully clarified regarding the further development of Hungarian society and its economy. The identification of the site of the battlefield has contributed to the better understanding of the events of 11 April 1241. The known course of events has been established through subjective written sources that were often based on indirect information. The identification of certain elements of the battle can provide new information, since it may be possible to reconstruct the tactical options provided to the leadership of the Hungarian and Mongolian forces by the geographical circumstances and how the location influenced the outcome of the battle. The research on the battlefield of Muhi gained momentum through the assistance of volunteers associated with a number of museums using metal detectors. In this article, we investigate the following question: what kind of opportunities does community archaeology provide in the interdisciplinary investigation of an Árpád Period (1000–1301) battlefield, and what kind of practical and methodological problems face research using metal detectors?

scholarly journals The Relationship between Autopoiesis Theory and Biosemiotics: On Philosophical Suppositions as Bases for a New Information Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-433
Author(s):  
Yohei Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
New Information ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses methodological issues related to a possible framework for a unified theory of information. We concentrate on the relationship between systems theory and semiotics, or to put it more concretely, the relationship between autopoiesis theory and biosemiotics. These theories give rise to two decisive viewpoints on life that seem poten- tially contradictory and consequently provoke a fruitful controversy, which is conducive for the consideration of philosophical suppositions vital for a new information theory. The following three points are derived in the context of basic principles: epistemology rather than ontology, constructivism rather than metaphysics, meta-theoretical recursiveness rather than linear consistency.

scholarly journals SHINGLE TRACING BY A NEW TECHNIQUE

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Peter Wright ◽  
J.S. Cross ◽  
N.B. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Tracer Recovery ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Trial Field ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Further Development

A major drawback of all existing tracer techniques for monitoring shingle movement, except that of labelling with radioactive isotopes, is that tracer recovery rates are invariably low, (commonly less than 15% of the total injected) because recovery is limited to the beach surface. Investigations were made into the possibilities of developing a new tracer that might overcome this problem. The paper describes the results of, and the conclusions drawn from two trial field experiments carried out using metal tracer pebbles. These had specific gravities, size and shape similar to the indigenous beach pebbles, and were recovered both on and beneath the beach surface using metal detectors. By assessing the relative merits and drawbacks of the technique it was concluded that the use of metal pebbles as tracers for shingle beaches is more practical than other methods for most tracing purposes. At present the technique is best suited to investigations ranging in length from a few days to a few months and requiring small to medium-scale injections of 5000 tracer pebbles or less. The considerable scope for the further development and application of the technique is discussed.

scholarly journals Logical and Methodological Issues Affecting Genetic Studies of Humans Reported in Top Neuroscience Journals

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara R. Grabitz ◽  
Katherine S. Button ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
Dianne F. Newbury ◽  
Cyril R. Pernet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Standardized Reporting ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Methodological Problems

Genetics and neuroscience are two areas of science that pose particular methodological problems because they involve detecting weak signals (i.e., small effects) in noisy data. In recent years, increasing numbers of studies have attempted to bridge these disciplines by looking for genetic factors associated with individual differences in behavior, cognition, and brain structure or function. However, different methodological approaches to guarding against false positives have evolved in the two disciplines. To explore methodological issues affecting neurogenetic studies, we conducted an in-depth analysis of 30 consecutive articles in 12 top neuroscience journals that reported on genetic associations in nonclinical human samples. It was often difficult to estimate effect sizes in neuroimaging paradigms. Where effect sizes could be calculated, the studies reporting the largest effect sizes tended to have two features: (i) they had the smallest samples and were generally underpowered to detect genetic effects, and (ii) they did not fully correct for multiple comparisons. Furthermore, only a minority of studies used statistical methods for multiple comparisons that took into account correlations between phenotypes or genotypes, and only nine studies included a replication sample or explicitly set out to replicate a prior finding. Finally, presentation of methodological information was not standardized and was often distributed across Methods sections and Supplementary Material, making it challenging to assemble basic information from many studies. Space limits imposed by journals could mean that highly complex statistical methods were described in only a superficial fashion. In summary, methods that have become standard in the genetics literature—stringent statistical standards, use of large samples, and replication of findings—are not always adopted when behavioral, cognitive, or neuroimaging phenotypes are used, leading to an increased risk of false-positive findings. Studies need to correct not just for the number of phenotypes collected but also for the number of genotypes examined, genetic models tested, and subsamples investigated. The field would benefit from more widespread use of methods that take into account correlations between the factors corrected for, such as spectral decomposition, or permutation approaches. Replication should become standard practice; this, together with the need for larger sample sizes, will entail greater emphasis on collaboration between research groups. We conclude with some specific suggestions for standardized reporting in this area.

New axiomatic approach to the concept of grey information

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Mierzwiak ◽  
Naiming Xie ◽  
Marcin Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Axiomatic Approach ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Grey Systems Theory ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
New Research ◽  
Fundamental Categories ◽  
Further Development

Purpose Considering current development of Grey Systems Theory (GST), we can come up with the following thesis: practical applications are a dominant subject of research. Thus, what seems to be symptomatic for relatively young knowledge disciplines, the authors observe the presence of imbalance between the development of GST application tools and theory’s epistemological and methodological background. As for GST, epistemological and methodological problems are becoming visible especially in the issues of determining a clear criterion of demarcation of this kind of a theory from others. In other words, this problem can be reduced to the issue of a precise determination of what the category of a grey system and grey information is. This problem is of great importance for further development and popularisation of GST in the world of science. Realising its significance, the purpose of this paper is to create a general overview of Grey Systems epistemology and afterwards create axiomatic and formal frames for a category of greyness. Design/methodology/approach In order to achieve set goals, two research approaches were accepted. In the area of inference about epistemology of GST an approach characteristic of an analytical philosophy was used, whereas in the case of axiomatic and formal frames for a category of greyness the authors referred to terms of a set theory and the principles of a pragmatic logic. Findings The result of research is to formulate a concept of a grey system and a concept of grey information in the context of a process of cognition. Moreover, a function of greyness and other fundamental categories of GST will be defined in an axiomatic way. Originality/value The paper presents a new consistent frame for the issues of methodological and epistemological backgrounds of GST. An original concept is to refer in considerations to a newly proposed grey space. This space was used for a formal justification of such elementary categories as grey numbers, a weight function of whitenization or grey sequences. The value of achievements shown in the paper is underlined by the fact that proposed theoretical constructions require further development and they can potentially open up new research trends in the GST.

Methodological Issues in MIS Cross-Cultural Research

2011 ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Karahanna ◽  
Roberto Evaristo ◽  
Mark Srite
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Measurement Artifacts ◽  
Comparative Nature

This paper presents a discussion of methodological issues that are relevant and idiosyncratic to cross-cultural research. One characteristic that typifies cross-cultural studies is their comparative nature, i.e., they involve a comparison across two separate cultures on a focal phenomenon. When differences across cultures are observed, the question arises as to whether the results are true cultural differences or merely measurement artifacts. Methodological considerations in cross-cultural research focus on ruling out alternative explanations for these differences and thus enhancing the interpretability of the results. The paper presents an overview of key methodological issues in cross-cultural research and reviews methods of preventing or detecting methodological problems.

Advance Organizers: A Review of the Research—Part I

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Williams ◽  
Earl C. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Advance Organizers ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Meaningful Context ◽  
Methodological Problems

This article reviews previous research on advance organizers, introductory text adjuncts intended to provide the reader of expository text with a meaningful context within which to process unfamiliar, or difficult, new information. Research conducted during the past thirty years well documents the fact that advance organizers do, indeed, inspire significant increases in comprehension among readers whose prior knowledge “subsumers” are inadequate to provide a necessary assimilative context. One issue on which theorists yet disagree, however, is the efficacy of advance organizers in facilitating the acquisition of subordinate text detail, or facts. Definitional inconsistencies and methodological deficiencies in previous research have clouded this issue. Subsequently in this journal, Part II of this article will present the results of two empirical studies that resolve these methodological problems and specifically address the question of the effects of advance organizers on the acquisition of text detail.

Perceptions of older people among Chinese adolescents: conceptual and methodological issues

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Man So ◽  
Daniel T.L. Shek
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Older People ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Methodological Problems

Abstract Ageism against older people exists worldwide almost among all age groups and adolescents are of no exception. Numerous studies with specific reference to adolescents of different age, gender, educational level, socioeconomic background, knowledge about aging and experiences with older people showed that they had different perceptions of and attitudes toward older people, but such findings are not entirely conclusive. The situation of Hong Kong is even more confused as there are few studies examining this topic. It is argued that the conflicting findings are largely due to conceptual and methodological problems in the studies. This paper examines the conceptual and methodological issues in this area and outlines suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Methodological issues in contemporary sociology of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavo Kukić
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Contemporary Sociology ◽  
Methodological Problems

Contemporary sociological science is increasingly being characterized by apositivist, therefore, the orientation on the empirical research of social problems.If there is, however, about the Bosnian-Herzegovinian sociology, thereare many unexplored issues in the fi eld of empirical sociological research - andthe greater is the number of causes of it. Methodological problems, of course,are one of the major manifestations of those causes- the problems in the areaof quantitative as well as those in the fi eld of qualitative sociological research.Some of the other dimensions of the problem should not be ignored - the issueof ethics in sociological research, the problem of a single database in the fi eldof sociology, as well as the research in the fi eld of social sciences in general, andthe like. And all of that is analyzed in the context of this paper.

scholarly journals Asentamientos fortificados en el Rif Oriental (siglos VIII-XV). Nuevos datos sobre Ghassasa y Tazouda (Nador, Marruecos)

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Sarr ◽  
Luca Mattei ◽  
Yaiza Hernández Casas
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
North African ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
New Information ◽  
Medieval Pottery ◽  
Written Sources

Fortified settlements in Eastern Rif (eighth-fifteenth centuries): new data on Ghassasa and Tazouda (Nador, Morocco)The present paper attempts to aproximate to the archaeological research of two of the most relevants fortified settlements of the Medieval Rif (north of Morocco), Ghassasa and Tazouda. Reviewing the written sources –Ibn Ḥawqal, al-Bakrī, al-Idrīsī, Ibn Ḥayyān, al-Bādisī, etc.– and comparing the data they offer with the archaeological records of surface, we report here the recent hypothesis deduced from the analysis of their emerging structures and pottery, trying to trace some new information of the fortification process in the Rif since Early Medieval centuries  to the fifteenth century and to detect the development of the interrelations and influences by the commercial exchanges between twice Mediterranean coasts: North African and al-Andalus. So, we offer the planimetry of both settlements, Ghassasa and Tazouda, which haven´t been documented before, and also some typologies of Magrib’s medieval pottery founded there, contributing with an original research to the study of medieval urbanism in Magrib al-Aqṣā and the role that they take on the trade routes existing between Bilād al-Sūdān, to Siŷilmāsa, and al-Andalus.

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of Applied Ethics (Summary of the Session of Presidium of the Russian Federal Educational and Methodological Association of the Cluster “Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies”)

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Olga S. Myagkova ◽  
Ekaterina O. Rozova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Philosophical Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
Further Development

The summary focuses on topical educational and methodological issues discussed at the meeting of the presidium of the Federal Educational and Methodological Association (cluster “Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies”) held in November 2019 in Saint Petersburg. The authors reviews the process of realization of new federal educational standards. Special attention is paid to applied ethics education, the specifics and current problems of teaching it in Russia. The authors also discuss the current state of philosophical education in Belarus, its current problems and possible ways for further development. In addition, the summary outlines various issues related to the work of higher education institutions in Russia.

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