scholarly journals The Russian Period in the Life and Work of Sergei Metalnikov

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Г. Шебырова
Keyword(s):  
Young Scientist ◽  
Central State ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Adequate Coverage ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Scientific Emigration ◽  
Work Abroad

Статья посвящена российскому периоду биографии Сергея Ивановича Метальникова, выдающегося ученого – зоолога, протистолога, микробиолога, иммунолога и философа. На основании архивных и опубликованных документов с использованием классических теоретических методов исторического исследования подробно восстановлены основные события его жизни (вплоть до момента эмиграции во Францию): детство, университетские годы, создание семьи, формирование научных интересов, начало работы в науке и постепенная адаптация в научном социуме, зарубежные командировки и стажировки, становление как исследователя и крупного деятеля науки и образования. Особое внимание уделено деятельности ученого на Высших женских (Бестужевских) курсах. Показано, что исследуемый период в жизни С. И. Метальникова был весьма успешным с точки зрения его научной карьеры, однако обстоятельства и последовательные политические взгляды вынудили его в конце концов покинуть страну. The article is devoted to the Russian period of the biography of Sergei Ivanovich Metalnikov, an outstanding Russian scientist, who emigrated to France after the revolution. He was a zoologist, protistologist, microbiologist, immunologist and philosopher. The personality of the scientist is interesting both for biologists and for historians of science and technology, as well as for the history of Russian scientific emigration. His life was also connected with the South of Russia: his family owned the Artek estate in Crimea, and he is deservedly considered to be one of the founders of Taurida University. The aim of the current article is to reconstruct the main events of his life, first of all those that formed his personality as a scientist, starting from childhood and continuing with the university years and the first independent steps in science, those related to his activities in the field of science and education. The article is based on archival and published documents, the main events of his life until the moment of emigration to France are reconstructed in details using classical theoretical methods of historical research. Among archival documents, his two autobiographies from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Manuscripts Department of the Institute of Russian Literature should be mentioned. Besides them, the article is based on other documents from the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg, the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its Saint Petersburg branch, the Manuscripts Department of the National Library of Russia. The article covers in detail his childhood, family, university years, the formation of scientific interests, the beginning of his work in science and adaptation in the scientific community, foreign trips and trainee ship, his formation as a scientist from a junior researcher to a prominent person in science and education. Particular attention in the article is devoted to Metalnikov’s activities at the Higher Women’s (Bestuzhev) courses, which have not received an adequate coverage in the literature yet. It is shown that the relevant period in Metalnikov’s life and work can be described as a very successful career. He managed to develop from a young scientist to a professor, a prominent and respected specialist of a wide scientific range. Nevertheless, the turbulent events in the life of the country and the personal civil position of the scientist led to his desire to emigrate from Russia and work abroad, and scientific achievements became the basis for the fact that he successfully succeeded.

scholarly journals Alexander Stepanovich Ardemasov: Party director of the Leningrad Pharmaceutical Institute in 1940-1942

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Igor A. Narkevich ◽  
Stanislav V. Stepanov ◽  
Alla O. Volgusheva ◽  
Yuri Zvyagin Y. Zvyagin ◽  
Svetlana Vorobeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central State ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Applied Chemistry ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Institute ◽  
State Chemical ◽  
Post War

Based on unpublished archival documents from the Central State Archive of Party Historical Documents, the article reconstructs the biography of A.S. Ardemasov, a party worker, the Director of the Leningrad Pharmaceutical Institute (now Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University) in the pre-war period, during the Great Patriotic War (WWII) and the post-war years. During his path of life, A.S. Ardemasov headed the leading chemical enterprises of the USSR: the Leningrad Laminated Plastics Plant (now the Laminated Plastics Plant, LLC, St. Petersburg), the State Institute of Applied Chemistry (now the Russian Scientific Center of Applied Chemistry).

THE ILLUMINATING OF THE EDUCATION ISSUES OF SURKHAN OASIS IN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS(1920-1930 YEARS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Oybek Isaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Archival Documents

The materials which were stated in this article is about 1920-1930 and it discusses processes ofeducational system in Surkhan valley on the basis of data from Uzbek Republic Central State Archive, as well as regional Archive of Surkhandarya province, and Archives of districts. The article reveals clear understanding about how educational affairs went on in the valley, constructions of schools, and liquidation of old traditional schools and establishment of the novelsoviet educational school system.

STUDY OF ITALIAN-LIBYAN RELATIONS IN RUSSIAN SCIENCE LITERATURE FROM THE LATE 20TH TO THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Vysochina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Moment

The main purpose of the article is to review the most complete and holistic scientific works of Russian authors which are devoted to the study of Italian-Libyan relations. To carry out the research a broad historiographic base on the topic was involved, the author turned to both the “classic” works of Soviet scientists, and to the most modern scientific figures. One of the main tasks in the study of the topic is to identify the historiographic issues associated with the lack of modern Russian scientific literature on the referred theme. The article analyzes the specific features of the literature published from the end of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century in Russia, highlighting the issue of interaction between two countries in different spheres of international relations. The methodological basis of the work is the issue-chronological and complex analysis of the used literature, the establishment of the cause-effect relationships and patterns in the Russian authors approaches to their research, as well as their interpretation for the current stage of development of relations between the two countries. During research it was revealed that most of the scientific works of our compatriots are devoted to a certain, rather narrow, range of issues: the Italian–Turkish war of 1911–1912, cooperation between Libya and Italy in the control of illegal migration from Africa to Europe, Italian military intervention in the civil war in Libya 2011. At the same time, not many Russian authors cover and analyze the Italian-Libyan cooperation in the politi- cal, cultural, social, and economic fields during the long-term period of Colonel Gaddafi’s rule in Libya. In this regard, the author of the article notes that there is a great amount of historical data: the diplomatic documents, resolutions, offi- cial letters of top public executives, treaties and agreements between the coun- tries, including documents of international organizations that are not studied at present sufficiently. The article identifies the most perspective areas for further research of Italian-Libyan relations, what emphasizes the importance and relevance of the chosen topic. The author comes to a conclusion that at the moment it seems quite difficult to find a well-founded, comprehensive scientific literature designed to determine the nature and options for the development of relations between Libya and Italy at the modern stage.

THE PROJECT OF STAGING "KHOVANSHCHINA" BY M. P. MUSSORGSKY IN B.V. ASAFYEV’S ORCHESTRATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
V. A. Aleksandrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
National Museum ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Orchestral Score ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the history of an unrealized performance of M. P. Mussorgsky’s opera "Khovanshchina" orchestrated by B. V. Asafyev. On the basis of archival documents, stored in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts, the Russian National Museum of Music, Central State Archive of Literature and Art of Saint Petersburg, the Bolshoi Theatre Museum, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, studied the circumstances under which the opera was planned to be staged in the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet (nowadays — the Mariinsky Theatre). Fragments from the reports of the Artistic Council of Opera at the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet meetings, the correspondence between B. V. Asafyev and P. A. Lamm, the manuscript "P. A. Lamm. A Biography" by O. P. Lamm and other unpublished archival documents are cited. The author comes to the conclusion that most attempts to perform "Khovanshchina" were hindered by the difficult socio-political circumstances of the 1930s, while the existing assumptions about the creative failure of the Asafyev’s orchestration don’t find clear affirmation, neither in historical documents, nor in the existing manuscript of the orchestral score.

scholarly journals Compartment optics for the development of personal correspondents

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
В.О. Піскун
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Central State ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Archives

Mass media play a significant role in society, performing the role of "fourth power". The format of relations between the media and society is made in accordance with the political regime. In the conditions of a totalitarian state, which was the USSR, the media were always at the center of attention, because it was they who provided an ideological basis for the ruling political party and the vigilance of the journalist staff was an extremely important part of this "attention". The article attempts to identify the main areas of the CPSU's personnel policy regarding media coverage of journalists, the presence / absence of essential features of party leadership in the staff in general and journalists-specifically, the current assessment of the effectiveness of the Communist Party leadership and its impact on the media. The archival documents of the Central State Archives of Public Associations of Ukraine (Fund of the Central Committee of the CPU) and a number of published documents, sufficiently diverse in their format, were processed: memoranda, information, preparatory documents for plenums, meetings, resolutions of the republican and local party leaders. The conclusions summarize the main historical lessons that will help society, the authorities of today and the media to build relationships that are inherent in the democratic stage of civilization development.

scholarly journals The Revival of Russian Scientific Research in Papua New Guinea at the beginning of the 21st century

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
N.N. Miklouho-Maclay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article describes two scientific expeditions to the Maclay Coast (Madang region) in Papua New Guinea in the 21st century organized by the Russian non-profit organization Miklouho-Maclay Foundation for the Preservation of Ethnocultural Heritage with the participation of the scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences from Moscow and St. Petersburg in the footsteps of great Russian scientist, humanitarian and ethnographer Nikolay Miklouho-Maclay. The article represents the first research results and outlines the prospects of cooperation in the scientific, cultural and humanitarian spheres.

scholarly journals On the Education of Surkhan Oasis in Archival Documents (in 1920-30)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
O. Isaev
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
School System ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
The Novel ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Archival Documents

The materials which were stated in this article is about 1920–1930 and it discusses processes of educational system in Surkhan valley on the basis of data from Uzbek Republic Central State Archive, as well as regional Archive of Surkhandarya province, and Archives of districts. The article reveals clear understanding about how educational affairs went on in the valley, constructions of schools, and liquidation of old traditional schools and establishment of the novel soviet educational school system.

scholarly journals Reform of a Russian science as an institutional constructing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Mikhail F. Chernysh
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Global Science ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The article analyzes theoretical and methodological aspects of the ongoing reforms of the Russian science. The reforms are based on a set of ideas (myths) whose implementation was supposed to raise the effectiveness of the Russian science, form its new institutional structure, similar to the structure of science in more developed countries. The “sacral” mytholodical component of the reforms had no foundation in the traditional practices that had been shaped by the Russian scientific community in its long history. The reforms took no heed of the specific separation of science and education that had historically emerged in Russia helping to concentrate scientific assets in the most promising directions and most effective institutions. The myth of the “global science” stressing intermingling and interaction of scientific projects across the world played its negative role. The universalist project of reforms did not reflect on the basic differences between the “natural sciences” and “sciences of the spirit”. The “sacral” perception of the Western science as an ideal mechanism of selection boosting scientific achievement led to performance measurement indicators thatignored the interests of sciences and researchers in social sciences and humanities. The ongoing reforms are fraught with developments that can weaken the Russian science and its human potential, downgrade its research agenda.

scholarly journals Income of the Russian Treasury on Materials of the Lower Corps of the Derbent Garrison

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Sharafetdin Magaramov ◽  
◽  
Elena Inozemtseva ◽  
Nikolay Chekulaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Central State ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Foreign Merchants

Introduction. The paper deals with one of the aspects of the economic policy of the Russian Empire in its Peri-Caspian provinces, annexed as a result of the Persian campaign of Peter the Great. The aim of the study is to analyze the main income items of the imperial treasury based on the materials of the Derbent garrison of the Lower Corps, to establish the share of income received in Derbent in the structure of all income of the Lower Corps. Tasks: to characterize all income sources of the Derbent garrison, to show the activities of commandants and other military leaders in streamlining the income structure, in replenishing the imperial treasury, to consider the interaction of the Russian authorities of Derbent with foreign merchants and domestic salesmen, to describe the daily life of the garrison in Derbent. Methods and materials. The study is based on the archival documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan, mainly from fond 18 “Derbent commandant”, most of which are introduced for the first time. Additionally, the modern achievements of historical science on the subject have also been considered. The methods of the study are the following: the principles of historicism and objectivity, an integrated approach, a systematic method, methods of criticizing historical sources. Based on the analysis of the documentary material, it was possible to restore the picture characterizing the everyday life of the military personnel in the Derbent garrison of the imperial army. Analysis. The fiscal activity inside the Derbend garrison was controlled by the commandant, whose duties, in addition to military-political ones, included collecting taxes and fees, reporting on them to the central imperial authorities and administration. The amount of incomes for the reporting periods are described in detail, the role of Derbent customs in replenishing the Russian treasury and the trade of the Derbent administration with foreign merchants are shown. Considerable emphasis is put to the activities of the military leadership of the Lower Corps and the Derbent Garrison, directly aimed at increasing financial revenues of the imperial treasury. Results. As a result of the study, valuable archival documents were introduced into the scientific circulation, reconstructing the daily life of the Derbent garrison, the main sources of income in this garrison were identified. It was established that the revenues of the imperial treasury in the Derbent garrison were clearly differentiated and structured. Customs duties accounted for more than half of the revenue in Derbent, while the other part was collected from the sale of wine, vegetables, oil, and court fines. The “Persian” incomes were spent on salaries and remuneration to the Caucasian political elite loyal to the Russians, to keep the amanates (hostages) from Caucasian rulers, to pay wages to masters for the repair and reconstruction of fortresses, to maintain postal communications, etc. Despite the emperor’s ambitious plans for the economic development of the “newly conquered” former Persian provinces, many of the projects he started were not completed and scraped after his death. A pressing example of it would be the abandonment of the construction of the Derbent port enclosed from sea storms.

scholarly journals PERSONAL FUNDS OF STATE ARCHIVES OF THE SAMARA REGION: GENERAL OVERVIEW AND CLASSIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
N.A. Sannikova
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Life Path

The material of the article contains a classification, a review and a brief source-vedic characteristic of funds with documents of personal origin, which are permanently stored in the Samara regional archives: the Central State Archive of the Samara Region (TsGASO) and the Samara Regional Archive of Social and Political History (SOGASPI) ... Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the SOGASPI funds. The analysis made allows us to present the information potential of the documents of the named funds deposited according to the author's and thematic principles, their number, chronological framework, life path and professional composition of fund-builders, categories of documents of specific funds. The content of the analysis will help researchers to navigate in finding and using a significant layer of archival documents.

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