scholarly journals Income of the Russian Treasury on Materials of the Lower Corps of the Derbent Garrison

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
Sharafetdin Magaramov ◽  
◽  
Elena Inozemtseva ◽  
Nikolay Chekulaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Central State ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Foreign Merchants

Introduction. The paper deals with one of the aspects of the economic policy of the Russian Empire in its Peri-Caspian provinces, annexed as a result of the Persian campaign of Peter the Great. The aim of the study is to analyze the main income items of the imperial treasury based on the materials of the Derbent garrison of the Lower Corps, to establish the share of income received in Derbent in the structure of all income of the Lower Corps. Tasks: to characterize all income sources of the Derbent garrison, to show the activities of commandants and other military leaders in streamlining the income structure, in replenishing the imperial treasury, to consider the interaction of the Russian authorities of Derbent with foreign merchants and domestic salesmen, to describe the daily life of the garrison in Derbent. Methods and materials. The study is based on the archival documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan, mainly from fond 18 “Derbent commandant”, most of which are introduced for the first time. Additionally, the modern achievements of historical science on the subject have also been considered. The methods of the study are the following: the principles of historicism and objectivity, an integrated approach, a systematic method, methods of criticizing historical sources. Based on the analysis of the documentary material, it was possible to restore the picture characterizing the everyday life of the military personnel in the Derbent garrison of the imperial army. Analysis. The fiscal activity inside the Derbend garrison was controlled by the commandant, whose duties, in addition to military-political ones, included collecting taxes and fees, reporting on them to the central imperial authorities and administration. The amount of incomes for the reporting periods are described in detail, the role of Derbent customs in replenishing the Russian treasury and the trade of the Derbent administration with foreign merchants are shown. Considerable emphasis is put to the activities of the military leadership of the Lower Corps and the Derbent Garrison, directly aimed at increasing financial revenues of the imperial treasury. Results. As a result of the study, valuable archival documents were introduced into the scientific circulation, reconstructing the daily life of the Derbent garrison, the main sources of income in this garrison were identified. It was established that the revenues of the imperial treasury in the Derbent garrison were clearly differentiated and structured. Customs duties accounted for more than half of the revenue in Derbent, while the other part was collected from the sale of wine, vegetables, oil, and court fines. The “Persian” incomes were spent on salaries and remuneration to the Caucasian political elite loyal to the Russians, to keep the amanates (hostages) from Caucasian rulers, to pay wages to masters for the repair and reconstruction of fortresses, to maintain postal communications, etc. Despite the emperor’s ambitious plans for the economic development of the “newly conquered” former Persian provinces, many of the projects he started were not completed and scraped after his death. A pressing example of it would be the abandonment of the construction of the Derbent port enclosed from sea storms.

scholarly journals Military Routine in Rear City in 1941–1945 (Case of Alma-Ata)

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Zharkynbayeva ◽  
Nadezhda Dulina ◽  
Evgeniya Anufrieva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Central State ◽  
City Life ◽  
System Method ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to highlight the features of daily life in cities of rearguard during World War II (as exemplified by Alma-Ata), the strategy of survival of people in the extremely difficult war years (1941–1945). Methods and materials. The study of features of daily city life in the extreme wartime from the point of view of the systematic approach is a basis for analytical generalizations and scientific hierarchization of the collected historical material. The system method is inextricably linked with the macro-and micro-approach, the combination of which allows to reveal the general and the particular in the studied processes, both from the point of view of the state-institutional view – “from above” and from the point of view of their ordinary participants and witnesses – “from below”. The micro-level of the research allows to study the problem in different projections: economic, political, socio-cultural one, helps to show the humanitarian dimension of the city daily life in wartime. Using the multifaceted approach to the formation of the research source base, introducing new declassified archival documents into scientific circulation allows to restore the daily life of Alma-Ata during the Great Patriotic War, to approach its objective and multidimensional understanding. As the main group of sources the authors use documents extracted from the archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty) (CSA RK), the National archive of Kazakhstan (Astana) (NA RK). Analysis and Results. The result of the research is a demonstration of the daily life of ordinary citizens who bravely endured all the hardships of war both at work and at home, in the family, helping fellow citizens who were evacuated to the city during the war.

scholarly journals Children’s Memories of the Leningrad Blockade in the Materials of the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Uvarov
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

The article offers the previously unpublished memoirs of eleven Leningrad residents who were children during the German blockade of the city. All of them were collected in 1998-1999 by Nina Aleksandrovna Koroleva, and are today kept in her collection in the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic. After the war, Nina Aleksandrovna came to live in Udmurtia, where she started to record memories about wartime. Conventionally, her documents can be divided into two groups. The first includes the memories of those who were evacuated to Udmurtia during the Great Patriotic War. The second group consists of memories of those who ended up in the republic after the end of the war. All documents are preserved in the author's edition. The memoirs reflect childhood impressions of the siege period. Their authors share their feelings from the beginning of the blockade, and report details of their daily life during the siege; they also reveal the coping strategies of the respective families. Descriptions of the labor conducted by children invite for conclusions about their contribution to the Soviet victory. Very emotional are the reports about the lifting of the blockade. Some memoirs contain details of the evacuation from Leningrad to the mainland. From the perspective of the history of everyday life, the publication of these memoirs expands our knowledge about the Great Patriotic War and, in particular, about the blockade of Leningrad.

scholarly journals «The Klutkoism». Saransk Case of 1934.

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
P. S. Ucvatov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Documents ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Central State ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The article is devoted to the events of the first part of 1930-ies in the Mordovian Autonomous Region. The politics struggle between different groups of the soviet and party ruling elite, which accompanied the process of the formation of Mordovian statehood and the korenization of the State machinery are considering as well. On the example of Mordovian oblast committee and Saransk town committee of VKP(b) some features inherent in the regional Soviet nomenclature of the 1930s are shown. The article acknowledges that in Mordovia, the struggle between various groups of the Soviet and Party elite was significantly influenced by the national factor and the process of indigenization of the administrative apparatus. At the same time, there was tension between the First secretary of the regional Party Committee sent from the outside, who tried to rely on his own proteges, and the regional nomenclature clans formed from local national cadres. Meanwhile, in the existing system of close-knit corporate groups and bureaucratic clans based on personal ties and mutual responsibility, there was a rapid degeneration of Party and Soviet executives. This led to the spread of such negative phenomena as leaderism, embezzlements, abuse of official position, etc. In preparing the article, the method of analyzing historical documents, historical and systemic, historical and comparative methods were used. Archival documents (from the Central State Archives of the Republic of Mordovia), as well as materials of the Soviet periodicals from the newspapers Volzhskaya Kommuna and Krasnaya Mordovia served as the basis for the source base of the article.

Archival Documents on the European Prisoners of World War I in the Semirechye Oblast of the Turkestan General Governorship: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 996-1008
Author(s):  
Gulnara M. Mendikulova ◽  
◽  
Yevgeniya A. Nadezhuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The article uses the method of case study and draws on documents discovered by the authors in the fonds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (TsSA RK) to reconstruct the captivity in Semirechye of a party of prisoners of war from German and Austro-Hungarian armies. The purpose of this work is to study microhistory and history of the everyday life of the European prisoners of World War I in Kazakhstan: their welfare and economic conditions, social and ethno-confessional relations in their world, their interactions with local population, material evidence of their activity, which is still partially preserved in present-day Almaty. The authors have drawn on the following types of sources: archival documents and photographs from the fonds of the TsSA RK (some of them are introduced into scientific use for the first time); materials of periodicals of the studied period; statistical data, etc. Analysis of these sources allows to reconstruct the full picture of captivity of a group of European POWs in the Semirechye Oblast of the Turkestan General Governorship. The POWs participated in road laying and road repair in Verny and in the Pishpek uezd. Their living conditions, although comfortless, little differed from those of the local population. When at work, the POWs were provided with hot meals, which were even modified according to their national tastes. Medical services were elementary and fell almost completely to the POWs themselves. Their treatment by locals was ambiguous, but not hostile. There seemed to be no ideological tinting to their interactions with building authorities or locals. In the authors’ opinion, to reconstruct a more complete and detailed picture of interactions and mutual influences of different races, every one which had their own influence on the course of the Kazakhstan history, further research is necessary.

scholarly journals MYRHOROD DOCUMENTS FROM THE “BOOK-ARCHIVE” OF THE SAVIOR-TRANSFIGURATION MGARSKY MONASTERY OF THE XVII-XVIII CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Yurii Mytsyk
Keyword(s):  
City Government ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Central State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

This article presents archival documents of the Cossack era from the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv. These are the universals of hetmans and colonels concerning the Mhar Monastery, its estates, its relations with Lubny and Zaporizhzhia Sich. The immediate task is the introduction into scientific circulation, the actualization of hitherto unknown historical sources that are important for the history of Ukraine, especially for the history of such a region as Poltava region. In the above-mentioned archives, hitherto unknown documents were discovered and published for the first time. The vast majority of documents belong to other categories of act documents — gifts, merchants, wills, court rulings. They shed light on the city government of Lubnу, the history of the relationship of general and regimental power with the Church, especially with the Mhar Monastery, the mechanism of increasing its land ownership. In general, the documents published here shed additional light on the history of Poltava region of the last third of the 17 — early 18 centuries. The article also contains previously unknown documents concerning the past of Poltava region of hetman times, towns and villages of Lubny, Myrhorod and Poltava regiments, Mhar monastery, their socio-economic, political history.

scholarly journals THE FORTRESS OF THE HOLY CROSS: SUPPLY SYSTEM IN 1724–1735 (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE CENTRAL STATE ARCHIVE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN)*

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
M.-P. B. Abdusalamov ◽  
N. D. Chekulayev
Keyword(s):  
Information Source ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Supply System ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

The article features the problem of supply of the garrison of the Fortress of the Holy Cross on the basis of materials of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan. As a result of the Caspian campaign of Peter the Great (1722–1723), the Seaside Dagestan, including the Kumyk regions (the Shamkhalate of Tarki and the Zasulak Kumyk lands) entered the jurisdiction of the Russian Empire. To protect the new territories, a system of military fortifications was built. The Fortress of the Holy Cross was founded by Peter the Great in September, 1722, in the estuary of the Sulak River. It gradually became one of the economic, administrative, and political centers of the Caucasus.The main information source on the matter remains the archive of the garrison headquartered in the Fortress of the Holy Cross. It includes numerous warrants, official reports, and other military documentation. The authors use the data to draw a complete picture of the military supply system invented by Peter the Great. The system provided both combat troops and regular garrisons with everything they needed to protect the borders of the Russian Empire. In fact, the system was based on logistic support (intendance) of imperial troops in peace and war time with ammunition, arms, food, medicines, finance, fuel, etc. The last-in first-out system of supply made it possible to reserve food and fodder in the country in advance and systematically bring them to the combat troops. 

scholarly journals Regional and local authorities’ activity in the field of nature protection in 1918-1950s (on materials of the archives of the Middle and Lower Volga region)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Ecaterina Dmitrievna Makeeva
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Central State ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic

The study of various aspects of interaction between society and nature at the present time is not only of interest to ecologists, but also for specialists in the field of Humanities, particularly historians. This article discusses the history of formation and development of a regional system of management of nature protection in the Middle and Lower Volga region. The author describes main issues related to the state forest Fund of the region in 1918-1950-s and the measures taken by the Executive committees of local Soviets at various levels to address their consequences. The main directions of environmental activities of local governments are considered: protection of forests against fire, theft and infestations of pests, the creation of protected areas, to combat poaching, the accomplishment and gardening of settlements. The sources for the preparation of the article were, basically, documents of regional archives of the Central state archive of Samara region, the State archive of Ulyanovsk region, the State archive of Penza region, the State archive of Saratov region, the National archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, Samara oblast state archive of socio-political history, as well as materials of local periodicals. A significant number of archival documents are for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, which is the scientific novelty of the research.

scholarly journals M. M. Bakhtin in literary life of Mordovia in the 1940–1960s

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-641
Author(s):  
S. A. Dubrovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Central State ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Personal Library

Introduction: the article concentrates on the understudied topic of M. Bakhtin’s role in the literary process of Mordovia, where the scholar spent almost 25 years (1936–1937, 1945–1969). By drawing on the published and archived materials, inscribed books from Bakhtin’s personal library and reports of the department that Bakhtin presided over, the author defines the scholar’s place in the literary life of Mordovia, analyses his pedagogical and scholarly activity as part of the literary process, demonstrates the role that Bakhtin played in the development of Mordovian literary studies. This approach allows the author to introduce a number of unknown or little-known archival documents, the fragments of memoirs of Bakhtin’s contemporaries and other materials which help to visualize the atmosphere of Bakhtin’s life and work in the latter 1940s–1960s. Objective: to characterize contexts of the long-standing dialogue between Bakhtin and the community of Mordovian writers, to demonstrate the scholar’s role in the literary life of Saransk and the republic. Research materials: documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia, inscribed books from the personal library of Bakhtin, reports of the department Bakhtin presided over, materials reflecting the cultural and literary life of Mordovia. Results and novelty of the research: the cultural and literary contexts of the Saransk period in Bakhtin’s life are reconstructed and problematized. Based on the analysis of the social and cultural-educational activities of the thinker, the character of the literary process in Mordovia, the intellectual culture itself and the role of Bakhtin in it are reinterpreted. Archival materials that have not previously been the subject of special research are introduced.

scholarly journals The Significance of the Bernardine Fund in the Study of Historiographical Narratives on Kmicic’s Armia Krajowa Brigade

Knygotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 96-122
Author(s):  
Tomaš Božerocki
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
World War ◽  
Central State ◽  
Armed Resistance ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
The Military

During World War II, in 1939–1944, there was a Polish armed resistance movement in Eastern Lithuania, which was called Armia Krajowa (Home Army) in the abstract. In researching the activities of Armia Krajowa (AK) in Eastern Lithuania, not only historiography is valuable, but also surviving documents and memoirs, as well as the Bernardine Fund preserved in the Lithuanian Central State Archives. So far, this Fund does not seem to receive much attention from scientists researching the activities of AK in Lithuania, as well as archives compiled by Poles residing in other countries. Based on the concept of storage medium, the article analyzes the case of the Bernardine Fund in the context of archival research of the Polish diaspora. During the analysis of the documents kept in the Bernardine Fund, it was observed that the said Fund held significant documents that could supplement / replace the existing narrative about Kmicic’s AK partisan brigade. Kmicic’s AK partisan brigade is noteworthy, as it is the first armed AK unit to launch a consistent armed resistance, but so far there are no separate studies dedicated to the activities of this brigade. The storage medium is the basis of memory communication that gives authenticity to the constructed memory narrative. The Bernardine Fund is a storage medium that originated in the past and reached the present unchanged / slightly changed, and that contains a certain memory narrative about AK. The Bernardine Fund and the documents contained in it are valuable storage media that can help reveal the situation of the residents of Eastern Lithuania during World War II and shed new light on the military activities of AK. In the context of research and preservation of the written heritage of the Polish diaspora, this medium has not yet received the attention of scientists, although the example of the Kmicic’s AK brigade proved that this Fund contains documents that reveal hitherto unknown aspects of AK activities. A fact turns into an event only when certain groups draw their attention to it, when they give meaning to it and start talking and writing about it, and it begins to be remembered. All significant events are just someone’s creations, created just to justify the present in a way that is convenient for the collective, the political elite, or the heads of state. The case of Kmicic’s brigade has proven that no fact is completely lost. If a fact is not currently updated and used, it does not mean that it will be the case all the time. The documents kept in the Fund reflect that during the formation of the historiographical narrative, the collective memory of the said brigade, part of the events was deliberately omitted in order to give integrity to the narrative being formed.

scholarly journals OSSETIANS – CAVALIERS OF THE PERSIAN ORDER OF THE LION AND THE SUN

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
И.Т. МАРЗОЕВ
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Military

Актуальность исследования историко-культурных отношений народов Осетии и Ирана в наши дни во многом обусловлена историческим развитием взаимоотношений этих этносов на протяжении предшествующих веков и особенно активизировавшихся в XIX – начале XX вв. Основное внимание в работе уделено анализу опубликованных исторических источников и архивных материалов, в которых нашли отражение факты награждения персидским орденом Льва и Солнца представителей военной интеллигенции осетинского народа. Научная новизна работы заключается в выявлении максимально полной информации о фактах награждения персидским орденом Льва и Солнца представителей Осетии, принимавших участие в формировании основ иранской регулярной армии. Целью данной работы было синтезирование материалов, полученных из опубликованных исторических источников и архивных документов, касающихся награждения персидским орденом Льва и Солнца представителей Осетии – военнослужащих Российской императорской армии. Для достижения обозначенной цели нами использовались общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза: описательно-повествовательный, историко-биографический, историко-сравнительный, историко-типологический и сравнительно-исторический. В результате проведенного исследования делается следующий вывод: ряд представителей осетинской военной интеллигенции в XIX – начале XX вв. за заслуги на военном поприще был представлен к высокой награде Персидского государства – ордену Льва и Солнца. Это говорит не только о социально-политических отношениях, этнокультурных и экономических связях, складывавшихся в указанный хронологический период между представителями осетинского и иранского народов, но и об участии осетин в процессе становления регулярной армии Персидского государства. The relevance of the study of the historical and cultural relations of the peoples of Ossetia and Iran today is largely due to the historical development of the relationship of these ethnic groups during the previous centuries and especially intensified in the 19th – early 20th centuries. The main attention in the work is paid to the analysis of published historical sources and archival materials, which reflect the facts of awarding representatives of the military intelligentsia of the Ossetian people with the Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun. The scientific novelty of the work lies in revealing the most comprehensive information on the facts of awarding the Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun to the representatives of Ossetia who took part in the formation of the foundations of the Iranian regular army. The purpose of this work was to synthesize materials obtained from published historical sources and archival documents concerning the awarding of the Persian Order of the Lion and the Sun to the representatives of Ossetia – servicemen of the Russian Imperial Army. To achieve this goal, we used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis: descriptive-narrative, historical-biographical, historical-comparative, historical-typological and comparative-historical. As a result of the study, the following conclusion is made: a number of representatives of the Ossetian military intelligentsia in the 19th – early 20th centuries for merits in the military field, were distinguished by the high award of the Persian state – the Order of the Lion and the Sun. This speaks not only of the socio-political relations, ethnocultural and economic ties that developed in the indicated chronological period between representatives of the Ossetian and Iranian peoples, but also of the contribution of Ossetians into the process of the formation of a regular army of the Persian state.

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