scholarly journals Natural Product Chemistry Research in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali AWAD Al-Jeboory ◽  
Yahya yahya Farid
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Chemistry Research ◽  
Prosopis Farcta ◽  
Experimental Tool ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Better Than

Abstract  Today's west an east scientists developed synthetic drugs but because of problems of the side effects and high cost in addition to resistant developed which not happened in using natural drugs this push the scientist in all over the world to look for new drugs from natural compounds. In Iraq. Since 1980 up today we started a plan led by scientist in Chemistry ,Pharmacology, Physician ,Biology in all universities & medical research centers and we started to develop anew methods for extraction ,isolation,identication of active constituent and trying the active constituent biologicaly and Pharmacologicaly in invitro and invivo on experimental animals . We started screening of more than thousand plants which indigenous in Iraq and take the knowledge from folkloric physician and old information about these from ancient books and references we found around two hundred promising plants we developed methods of extraction , isolation using chromatography and trying to evaluate their efficacy .We managed to prepare drugs to treat warts from ficus caria vitexin from cratagus azorolus, prosoptatin anew antihyperlipidemic drug from prosopis farcta etc. A new method of isolation and identification by new phytochemical methods and new experimental tool for each active constituent are as example how to separate alkaloids, cardiac glycosides inotropic agents , polyphenoles etc. In addition to bacteriological ,toxi-pathological methods then pass to prepare anew natural drugs prepared with highly sophisticated methods and with highly efficiency which may be better than synthetic drugs and more safe .

Rheumatoid Arthritis: History, Stages, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye ◽  
Mohanad Jawad Kadhim ◽  
Imad Hadi Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Natural Drugs

The pharmacological mechanisms of the medicinal plants traditionally used for RA in Persian medicine are discussed in the current review. Further investigations are mandatory to focus on bioefficacy of these phytochemicals for finding novel natural drugs. Rheumatoid arthritis is chronic, progressive, disabling autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation of joints, damaging cartilage and bone around the joints. It is a systemic disease which means that it can affect the whole body and internal organs such as lungs, heart and eyes. Although numbers of synthetic drugs are being used as standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis but they have adverse effect that can compromise the therapeutic treatment. Unfortunately, there is still no effective known medicinal treatment that cures rheumatoid arthritis as the modern medicine can only treat the symptoms of this disease that means to relieve pain and inflammation of joints. It is possible to use the herbs and plants in various forms in order to relieve the pain and inflammation in the joints. There are so many medicinal plants that have shown anti rheumatoid arthritis properties. So the plants and plant product with significant advantages are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The present review is focused on the medicinal plants having anti rheumatoid arthritis activity

Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance

2022 ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
Prashant Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Life Threatening

Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. It is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The global burden is estimated to be around 219 million cases in 87 countries. Natural compounds have been used primarily in the traditional medicine for thousands of years. For the treatment of malaria, natural products were used until the development of synthetic drugs, and most of the currently available anti-malarial drugs have been derived based on the compounds from these traditional medicinal plants. The current chapter tries to briefly indicate the emerging resistance against anti-malarial drugs and to discuss the recent research on natural products that have been evaluated for anti-malarial activity. Rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and safety of traditional medicines is required along with identification of active constituents in order to develop new drugs with novel mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals New therapeutic aspects of steroidal cardiac glycosides: the anticancer properties of Huachansu and its main active constituent Bufalin

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-shan Cheng ◽  
Jiaqiang Wang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Kuei Ting Kuo ◽  
Jian Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Anticancer Properties

scholarly journals Pharmacognosy and Its Role in the System of Profile Disciplines in Pharmacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2094545
Author(s):  
Lucie Cahlíková ◽  
Marcela Šafratová ◽  
Anna Hošťálková ◽  
Jakub Chlebek ◽  
Daniela Hulcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biogenic Material ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
In Silico Methods

The primal discipline from which pharmacy has developed can be considered as pharmacognosy. This review defines pharmacognosy while reflecting on the latest development and discourse about its justifiability in the educational system in pharmaceutical faculties and the history of development of new drugs under the influence of pharmacognosy. The article defines the status quo of the pharmacognosy area, or more precisely its parts (biology, chemistry, production, and technology) and discusses their connections. It underlines the legitimacy of application of natural drugs in therapy, which is undeniable, and proves that whether a new drug was prepared either synthetically or isolated from a natural source is not important. The overview follows the basic requirements of pharmacognosy, especially its methodology (usage of faster and more effective phyto-analytical methods, reverse pharmacology, and reverse pharmacognosy, in silico methods). Pharmacognosy is confronted by three major challenges in the 21st century that can push it significantly forward: ethnopharmacological sources evaluation, evaluation of nutraceuticals, and pharmacognosy of marine organisms. The educational system of universities should correspond to these new demands. However, in some areas the educational system is not prepared to face the challenges of the time. The basic requirement is to adopt a complex attitude to biogenic material and utilize the connections of this complexity in the teaching of modern pharmacy.

scholarly journals Not all cardiac glycosides are equal: Could ouabain prove to be better than digoxin for heart failure?

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S213
Author(s):  
A. Garcia ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
W. Hannam ◽  
N. Fry ◽  
H. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Better Than

Are new drugs for schizophrenia better than old ones?

The Lancet ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 373 (9671) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Anghelescu ◽  
Michael Dettling
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Condensed Tannins Content of Eight Centaurea Species and Their Broad Inhibitory Activities against Cholinesterase, Tyrosinase, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan ZENGIN ◽  
Marcello LOCATELLI ◽  
Simone CARRADORI ◽  
Andrei M. MOCAN ◽  
Abdurrahman AKTUMSEK
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Starting Point

Several bioactive compounds originate from natural sources and their uses are generally related with traditional or folk medicine. Synthetic drugs can have adverse side effects and, for this reason, the investigation of novel, safe, and natural-occurring products can account for the development of new drugs. The genus Centaurea L. is one of the most important genera of the Asteraceae family, containing more than 200 species in the Turkish flora, about 140 of which are endemic. The aim of the present work was to determine enzyme inhibitory potentials of two extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate) from eight Centaurea species against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, and glucosidase. The total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannin contents were also reported for each extract. These components in the extracts varied according to species and extraction solvents as well as enzyme inhibitory effects. The highest level of phenolics was found to be in the chloroform extract of C. pulchella (119.23 mg GAEs/g extract). Generally, chloroform extracts exhibited stronger enzyme inhibitory effects as compared to ethyl acetate. Additionally, possible correlations with total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins content were also highlighted. This paper is the first report of the inhibitory capacities of the eight Centaurea species on the selected enzymes. The present results may be a valuable starting point in the development of new bioactive formulations.

Isolation and Identification of Aeromonas spp. from Ground Meats in Eastern Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMADATT SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beef ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Isolation Medium ◽  
Aeromonas Sobria ◽  
Aeromonas Caviae ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Better Than

Two commercially available media, Ryan's aeromonas medium (RAM) and GSP agar pseudomonas aeromonas selective agar base (GSP) and one laboratory prepared medium, starch ampicillin agar (SAA), were compared for their ability to recover Aeromonas spp. from pure culture, raw ground beef, and spiked autoclaved ground beef samples. In all instances SAA medium proved to be superior for recovery of Aeromonas spp. Selectivity with SAA and GSP was better than with RAM with 100% of typical colonies confirming as Aeromonas spp. The incidence of motile Aeromonas spp. in ground meat samples in Eastern Canada was determined during a 1-year period using SAA as the isolation medium. Aeromonas spp. was found in 4 of 4 ground pork, chicken, turkey, and sausage samples and in 15 of 19 ground beef samples. Two hundred and ten presumptive Aeromonas isolates were characterized biochemically to the species level. Ninety-seven percent of the isolates from pork and 87% from ground beef were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila. Of the isolates from chicken and turkey, 40 and 56% respectively were found to be this latter species. The numbers of Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas caviae isolated from these products were 30 and 20% for chicken and 8 and 16% for turkey respectively.

scholarly journals Gentiopicroside Reduces Pain, Pruritus, and Corticosteroid Addictive Dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1987621
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Zhou ◽  
Weijian Deng ◽  
Guanggang Xiang ◽  
Xuhong Lin ◽  
Lei An
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Better Than

Corticosteroid addictive dermatitis (CAD) has rapidly emerged as a health problem which is difficult to cure. The dermatitis control is general with the tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, and antihistamines, and these synthetic drugs are likely to have some side effects, and how to use the nonirritating natural product to reduce the CAD has been rarely reported. Strong evidence indicates that gentiopicroside (GPS) has been reported to have anti-inflammation and anticancer properties. In the present study, we invented a device to collect GPS to study the effect of GPS on pain, pruritus, and CAD repair in model animals. Our results showed that the data on antipain and antipruritus treated with GPS were better than those of control group, and the inflammation of rabbit skin upon 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene exposure reduced by GPS. In conclusion, GPS could be a factor for antipain, antipruritus, and CAD repair; hence, these findings suggest that it can act as a protective factor for CAD.

Fastidious Anatomization of Biota Procured Compounds on Cancer Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-363
Author(s):  
Anand Thirupathi ◽  
Chandra M. Shanmugavadivelu ◽  
Sampathkumar Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Drug Approval ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Natural products are the rootstock for identifying new drugs since ancient times. In comparison with synthetic drugs, they have abounding beneficial effects in bestowing protection against many diseases, including cancer. Cancer has been observed as a major threat in recent decades, and its prevalence is expected to increase over the next decades. Also, current treatment methods in cancer therapy such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy cause severe adverse side effects among the cancer population. Therefore, it is exigent to find a remedy without any side effects. Methods: In recent years, research has focused on obtaining naturally derived products to encounter this complication. The current pace of investigations, such as gene identification and advancement in combinatorial chemistry, leads to the aberrant access to a wide range of new synthetic drugs. In fact, natural products act as templates in structure predictions and synthesis of new compounds with enhanced biological activities. Results: Recent developments in genomics have established the importance of polymorphism, which implies that patients require different drugs for their treatment. This demands the discovery of a large number of drugs, but limited sources restrict the pharmaceutical industry to overcome these major obstacles. The use of natural products and their semisynthetic and synthetic analogues could alleviate these problems. However, the lack of standardization in terms of developing methods for evaluating the chemical composition, efficacy, isolation and international approval is still a major limitation in this field. In the past few years, several drug-approval authorities, including the FDA and WHO have allowed using these naturally derived compounds in humans. Conclusion: In this review, we described the use of some natural products from plant and marine sources in cancer treatment and shed some light on semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds derived from natural sources used in cancer therapy.

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