Тhe article outlines modern approaches to the problem of the upbringing of a preschool-aged child. The necessity of taking into account the basic principles of humanistic pedagogy, the laws of the child's mental development in the process of its upbringing, and the formation of a value-oriented personality at the stage of preschool childhood is substantiated. Based on a detailed analysis of modern psychological and pedagogical research, the need to take into account the potential opportunities of the preschool period in the shaping of the basic values of the individual is substantiated. The psychological and pedagogical approaches to the problem of raising the valuable attitude towards children of preschool age are revealed. At the current stage of development of the Ukrainian society, the growing person requirements for the ability to behave competently, to show mobility, flexibility and self-confidence in difficult conditions of life have been significantly increased. The change of social priorities and the modernization of the national educational system on the basis of a personally oriented approach have activated the need to increase attention to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of an independent, creative, viable person with a developed self-respect and a sense of self-value in the family and institutions of education. According to the scientists, it could be promoted by the implementation of the principle of activity in pedagogical practice. Given the above, one of the most urgent tasks of the present is the upbringing in the first-years-life children the ability to make their own choices, make independent decisions, be responsible for their actions, trust their own experience and opportunities, be confident in their actions and deeds. The expedience of studying the phenomenon of self-confidence in early ontogenesis is due to the emergence of such new types of formations of consciousness and personality in the senior preschool age as the expediency of behavior, personal consciousness, the subordination of motives. At the same time, the peculiarities of the formation of this quality of personality in the senior preschool age have not been studied sufficiently. Scientific literature does not provide a single view about the nature and mechanisms of shaping of the self-confidence; age-specific is not differentiated clearly, the factors of upbringing of confident behavior in early ontogenesis are not highlighted; pedagogical conditions of the upbringing of this personal quality in preschool age require specification; the characteristics of self-confidence among representatives of different sexes need to be clarified. The problem of forming the self-confidence is very closely linked to the problem of developing the skills of the assertive behavior of preschool children, which is actively explored in modern native psychology and pedagogy. In the context of the above, the theoretical and experimental aspects of the study of the phenomenon of self-confidence of the senior preschoolers through the prism of trust in their own desires, needs, views, experiences as values are relevant.
Analysis of the prevalence, intensity and features of the clinical course of caries in early childhood and preschool children based on the data of preventive medical examinations
