scholarly journals Developing endurance among children in preschool period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jera Gregorc ◽  
Maja Meško ◽  
Mateja Videmšek
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Average Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Introduction: Prior research generally confirms the importance of endurance exercises in preschool period and suggests shorter and less intensive exercises. However, little research has been conducted to show and evaluate different types for developing endurance in preschool period. Our research aims to find out which type of exercise is more suitable for developing endurance for a preschool age child compared to an adult, taking into account developmental characteristics. Material and methods: A total of 69 preschool children (40 children aged 3 years and 29 children aged 5 years) were included in the study. We measured their heart rates during two types of endurance exercises (uninterrupted walking vs “method of game”). We compared the average heart rate and the actual frequency curves. Results: Endurance exercise according to the “method of game” allows the child to adjust the effort more individually compared to uninterrupted walking when both exercises are performed with a group of pre-school children. A comparison of heart rate curves showed that when children partook in the “ method of game”, they achieved different heart rate values at the same time. A further analysis of heart rate with 5 selected “time stamps” between the two exercises showed that children achieved statistically significant higher heart rates when performing the “method of game” (1’: Z = 2.20; p = 0.028, r = 0.19; 3 ‘: Z = 4.64; p = 0.00, r = 0.39; 5’: Z = 3.23; p = 0.001, r = 0.27; 8’: Z = 3.82 p = 0.00, r = 0.32; 13 ‘: Z = 3.33; p = 0.001, r = 0.28). The comparison of the mean heart rate values over the entire 13-minute time interval between the execution of the “method of game” (M = 143, SD = 14) and uninterrupted walking (M = 132, SD = 9) was statistically significantly higher in favour of the “method of game” (Wilcox test: Z = 5.83, p = 0.00, r = 0.24). The Mann-Whitney-Test showed that 3-year-old children achieved statistically significantly higher average heart rate during the “method of game” (Z = -2.34 p = 0.020, η² = 0.08) as well as during uninterrupted walking (Z = 3.17 p = 0.002, η² = 0.15). No statistically significant differences between boys and girls were confirmed. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, we believe that endurance exercise according to the “method of game” is more suitable for a developing preschool child than uninterrupted walking. The “method of game” also allows the simultaneous implementation of endurance exercise in heterogeneous groups, since the children adapt to the effort themselves, regardless of age. We believe that other types of endurance exercises should be researched and all age groups of preschool children should be included in the research.

A Longitudinal Investigation of Speaking Rate in Preschool Children Who Stutter

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Dailey Hall ◽  
Ofer Amir ◽  
Ehud Yairi
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Rate Of Speech

Both clinical and theoretical interest in stuttering as a disorder of speech motor control has led to numerous investigations of speaking rate in people who stutter. The majority of these studies, however, has been conducted with adult and school-age groups. Most studies of preschoolers have included older children. Despite the ongoing theoretical and clinical focus on speaking rate in young children who stutter and their parents, no longitudinal or cross-sectional studies have been conducted to answer questions about the possible developmental link between stuttering and the rate of speech, or about differences in rate development between preschool children who stutter and normally fluent children. This investigation compared changes in articulatory rate over a period of 2 years in subgroups of preschool-age children who stutter and normally fluent children. Within the group of stuttering children, comparisons also were made between those who exhibited persistent stuttering and those who eventually recovered without intervention. Furthermore, the study compared two metrics of articulatory rate. Spontaneous speech samples, collected longitudinally over a 2-year period, were analyzed acoustically to determine speaking rate measured in number of syllables and phones per second. Results indicated no differences among the 3 groups when articulation rate was measured in syllables per second. Using the phones per second measure, however, significant group differences were found when comparing the control group to the recovered and persistent groups.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTISTIC AND ACTIVITY CRITERION OF FORMATION OF CREATIVITY OF A CHILD OF PRESCHOOL AGE BY MEANS OF A MODERN ARTISTPLAYER

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
V. KRAMARENKO
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
Art Game

The article analyzes the contemporaneity and relevance of the point of creation of preschool children. In the framework of scientific and pedagogical research, creativity considers as a qualitative change in human ability that corresponds to the psychophysical and psycho-emotional processes of the preschool period of personality formation. With the help of the conducted experimental work based on children’s preschool institutions of Poltava region, the art-activity criterion of creativity of children of 5-7 years with the involvement of modern art-game material has been revealed. Particular attention has been paid to modern scientific research, which is devoted to the matter of children’s creativity, which is developing in creative activities. As a result of experimental work, we identified indicators of artistic and creative criteria of creativity of preschool children, namely the indicator of artistic and game literacy, the indicator of artistic and playful actions, and the indicator of improvisation and creative activity.Special attention should be paid to identifying the levels of indicators of artistic and creative criteria of creativity of preschool children with the involvement of contemporary art and game material in the experiment - high, medium, and low levels of creativity, their features, and quality examples. Our article contains a diagnosis of the problems faced by preschool children when playing, as a leading activity or when getting acquainted with the developmental potential of modern art and game material from the standpoint of an artistic and creative criterion of creativity. Prospects for further development in the direction of forming the creativity of preschool children using modern art and game material are aimed at preparing a curriculum in this thematic area.

scholarly journals Study to Assess Age Predilection of Malnutrition in Preschool Children

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Anil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
The City

Background : Age of children is the important demographic factor that is involved in nutritional status of children. The preschool age of children is the formative period in which growth and development of children occur. The deficiency of calories and minerals in the preschool age could result in to malnutrition in children. Participants and Methods : Present study was comprised of total 440 children which were selected through two stage random sampling method. The children between 2 years to below 5 years were the sampling units. The study was conducted at the city Fazilka in Punjab in Indi Results and Discussion : The study population was comprised of total 440 preschool which were categorized into three age groups as 2y to 3y with children (n/N=169/440) representing 38.4% in schools, other age group between above 3y to 4y with children (n/N=146/440) representing 33% in anganwadis and the age group above 4y to below 5 years with children (n/N=125/440) representing 28.4%. The stunting in children in 2-3 years age group showed 2.47 times higher chances than the stunting probability in children above 3 to below 5 years age. The Odd ratio between age groups and pallor in preschool children was (OR=0.1986/0.4728) = (0.42) at 95%C. I. of (0.260 to 0.628). Conclusion : Age of children is significantly associated with stunting, pallor and dental caries in children.

Heart Rate Variability During a Simulated Assembly Task; Influence of Age and Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1853-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel M. Nardolillo ◽  
Amir Baghdadi ◽  
Lora A. Cavuoto
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Prolonged Fatigue ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Assembly Tasks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

Attention has been concentrated on productivity in manufacturing settings with assembly line tasks being a common area of focus. Prolonged fatigue can occur during various assembly tasks both cognitively and physically. This can place a damper on efficiency and productivity for workers in manufacturing. Intercession can subsequently take place centered on reducing excessive workload tasks to assure a worker’s mental and physical thresholds are not contravened. Fatigue can be better understood by a person’s physiologic measures specifically their heart rate. Heart rate variability (HRV) which consists of calculations taken from each heartbeat can objectively quantify human capacity levels and the onset of fatigue. This study considers HRV during an assembly line task and compares differences in cardiac parameters between younger and older participants. The results obtained from this study were used to better understand the pattern of fatigue during the task at each segmented time interval. The HRV outcomes exhibited an index for each interval which gave the ability to make improved task demand decisions within the assembly line task. Statistical differences between age groups were also prominent which gave notion that workplace tasks should consider age classification when designing work structures for employees. This study assessed the potential function of HRV during a simulated task by examining the autonomic responses of the heart. The relationship between the autonomic nervous system to HRV was examined.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SKILLS AND ABILITIES OF OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE PROCESS OF APPLICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (67) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
M. Senkina
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Application Process

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that at present the education system is focused on the development of a person's personality. It is at the preschool age that the foundations of the artistic and aesthetic development of the child are founded, creative consciousness is formed. Therefore, the use of productive forms of activity in the organization of education and leisure of preschoolers is very important, one of which is application. This article analyzes the theoretical and practical experience of using the application in preschool education. The author examines the methods, means and techniques that ensure the development of technical skills and abilities of older preschool children in the process of application. Particular attention is paid to the development of aesthetic perception through interaction with objects of art and the surrounding reality. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author substantiated the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the successful implementation of application activities by preschoolers, for the formation of technical skills and abilities in children during the application process, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, and shows the specificity of performing application work in different age groups of preschoolers. The article offers recommendations for the development of technical skills of older preschool children in the process of application, which can subsequently be used in their pedagogical activities by preschool educators and parents.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF A TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY ON CHANGES IN THE HEART RATE OF RATS SUBJECT TO VARIOUS MODES OF MOTOR ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3310-3315
Author(s):  
Bulat Ildarovich Vakhitov
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
First Time

For the first time, studies have been conducted to study the reaction of animal heart rate to various modes of motor activity after a traumatic brain injury. It was revealed that on the first day after modeling an open head injury in rats of all age groups, a pronounced increase in heart rate was observed. In this case, the smallest heart rate response to brain injury is observed in animals of immature age. It was found that the implementation of systematic dynamic exercises by animals of mature and preschool age after modeling a craniocerebral injury contributes to a significant decrease in heart rate. A more pronounced formation of training bradycardia is observed in immature animals. It was revealed that limiting motor activity and performing isometric exercises after a traumatic brain injury maintain heart rate at an increased level in all age groups of animals and significantly inhibits the natural, age-related decrease in heart rate in immature animals.

Osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in preschool children with delayed speech development

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Abramova ◽  
I. A. Aptekar
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Head Neck

Introduction. Speech disorders are currently observed in an average of 30 % of children of the fi rst grade of school. It means that objectively during the preschool period, one third of the entire population of children have speech function that does not reach the norm and requires additional correction by specialists. In recent years birth injury has been considered one of the possible reasons for the high frequency of speech disorders. As practice shows, the possibilities of drug therapy for children with speech disorders are very limited. That is why it is relevant to expand non-drug methods for the restoration of speech functions. The goal of research — to justify the use of osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in order to improve sound pronunciation in preschool children.Materials and methods. In the period from 2012 to 2018, a prospective controlled randomized study was performed on the basis of Tyumen Institute of Manual Medicine. The work is based on the results of examination and treatment of 98 preschool children with delayed speech development. 18 people were excluded from the study in accordance with exclusion criteria. Depending on the treatment method used, all patients were divided by simple randomization using the envelope method into two comparable groups (main and control) of 40 people. Patients of both groups underwent a complete speech therapy correction and training course, which included individual lessons. Patients of the main group underwent the same speech therapy, as well as the osteopathic treatment in accordance with the developed algorithm. All patients underwent osteopathic examination and a combined assessment of the severity of speech disorders before and after the treatment.Results. The study showed that the presence of global, regional and local somatic dysfunctions was typical for children of preschool age with a delay in speech development. Somatic dysfunctions of head, neck and thoracic regions were most often observed. In the course of the treatment, patients of the main group showed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of detection of somatic dysfunctions of head, neck, and thoracic regions, of local somatic dysfunctions of the cranial sutures and the thoracoabdominal diaphragm (p<0,05). In patients of the control group, there was no statistically significant decrease in the number of somatic dysfunctions. In children with impaired speech development who underwent complex therapy, which included osteopathic correction and individual lessons with a speech therapist, there was a significant decrease in the severity of speech disorders compared with patients of the control group (p<0,00001).Conclusion. Osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions (with a certain sequence of techniques aimed to treat connective tissue disorders, including decompression, elimination of edema and hypoxia in children with delayed speech development), allows to achieve a statistically signifi cant improvement in children′s condition compared with standard treatment.

Children’s Heart Rates during British Physical Education Lessons

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity levels of schoolchildren during physical education lessons, using heart rate telemetry. Girls (n = 108) and boys (n = 69), age 9 to 15 years, were assessed over 66 physical education lessons. Lessons that achieved a heart rate (HR) of ≥ 150 bpm for 20 minutes or 50% of lesson time were deemed sufficiently active to promote cardiorespiratory fitness. Netball, 11- to 12-year-old girls’ gymnastics, and soccer lessons achieved the HR ≥ 150 level for over 50% of lesson time. A Sex × Age × Lesson Activity ANOVA indicated significant overall interaction for sex, age, and lesson activity for the percentage of lesson time spent in HR ≥ 150. Significant differences between age groups and lesson activities were evident. Invasion games seem more likely to attain MVPA goals than are dance, track and field, fitness, or gymnastics lessons.

scholarly journals Health status and some indices of the day mode of preschool children as predictors of readiness for school learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-386
Author(s):  
Galina A. Sugrobova ◽  
Yuliia N. Komkova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Health Group ◽  
Systematic Training

Introduction. Low health potential and irrationally organized daily routine of preschool children can be predictors in the structure of causes of violations of cognitive development and behavior of the child. Material and methods. An analysis of the health status of children aged 6 to 7 years old divided by age into three groups: 6-6.5, 6.5-7, and 7-7.5 years. Some indices of the preschool children’s daily routine, including sleeping and walking, were evaluated from the data taken from a questionnaire of parents and teachers. Results. Analysis of the health groups of children aged 6 to 7.5 years old revealed the predominance of group II (48.46%). The number of children who fit into the first health group decreases from 6 to 7.5 years of age. The abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system of the body and ENT diseases, most chronic diseases, prove to be dominated conditions. Boys under seven years of age are significantly more likely to have functional mental disorders and ENT diseases. In general, according to the availability of daytime sleep, the mode of stay of preschoolers differs by 80.0% sleep during the day in kindergarten; 36.3% sleep at home. The length of night sleep in 77.7% of children does not meet the age norms. During the day outside of a preschool educational institution, the outdoor walks are noted in 76.1% of six to seven-and-a-half-year children. The duration of the walk, only in 24.1%, corresponds to the norm. The survey results did not reveal significant differences in the availability of daytime and nighttime sleep in children, depending on age. The number of children who have outdoor walks in their routine daily increases from 6 to 7.5 years of age. The duration of walks is dominated by boys in older age groups. Conclusion. Children’s health potential and daily routine have their own characteristics during the preschool period, which can be considered a risk of developing maladaptation in upcoming systematic training at school.

scholarly journals Analysis of the prevalence, intensity and features of the clinical course of caries in early childhood and preschool children based on the data of preventive medical examinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
O. M. Davidian ◽  
A. V. Fomina ◽  
E. A. Lukyanova ◽  
E. M. Shimkevich ◽  
D. A. Nazarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Preschool Period ◽  
Voluntary Consent ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Medical Examinations

Aim. To study the prevalence, intensity and features of the clinical course of caries in children from 1 to 5 years old, to improve the registration of dental morbidity.Materials and methods. An epidemiological and clinical examination of the child population was carried out as part of preventive medical examinations of minors. The study involved 1930 children from Moscow, aged from 1 to 5 years. The epidemiological survey was carried out to study the dental morbidity in children of early childhood and preschool age. Clinical research methods were carried out to determine the dental status of the subjects. All studies in children were performed with informed voluntary consent. Parents or legal representatives signed their consent to the survey. Results. Analysis of the results of preventive medical examinations of minors made it possible to determine the prevalence, intensity and characteristics of the clinical course of caries in the period of early childhood (preschool period) and preschool age among the children's population of Moscow.Conclusions. It was found that the prevalence and intensity indicators increase as children grow up, the depth of the lesion and the localization of carious lesions change at different age periods.

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