scholarly journals Optimalisasi Penggunaan Kitosan Limbah Kulit Udang Vannamei Sebagai Koagulan dalam Perbaikan Kualitas Air Danau

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-310
Author(s):  
Shabriyani Hatma ◽  
Setyawati Yani ◽  
Andi Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Slow Mixing

Danau di Universitas Hasanuddin atau Danau UNHAS  telah mengalami pencemaran sehingga tidak dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Kitosan dari limbah kulit udang Vannamei dari Kawasan Industri Makassar (KIMA) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk proses penjernihan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi kitosan dan kecepatan  pengadukan pada proses penjernihan air danau UNHAS. Metode yang digunakan adalah jar test, rapid mixing dan slow mixing dengan varian penambahan konsentrasi kitosan berturut-turut 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 (% berat) pada kecepatan putar pengadukan cepat berturut-turut 100, 300, 500, dan pengadukan lambat 70 rpm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air danau terbaik dari segi pH dicapai pada penambahan kitosan 0,5%, sedangkan dari segi TDS dan suhu, kualitas air terbaik diperoleh pada penambahan kitosan 2,5%. Kecepatan optimum pengadukan yang memberi kualitas air terbaik dari segi pH dan TDS adalah pada  500 rpm, sedangkan kecepatan optimum yang meberikan kualitas air dengan suhu terbaik diperoleh pada kecepatan 100 rpm. Secara umum, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kitosan kulit udang memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai  koagulan untuk proses perbaikan kualitas air danau.

scholarly journals Moringa oleifera Lam. and Its Potential Association with Aluminium Sulphate in the Process of Coagulation/Flocculation and Sedimentation of Surface Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cardoso Valverde ◽  
Priscila Ferri Coldebella ◽  
Marcela Fernandes Silva ◽  
Letícia Nishi ◽  
Milene Carvalho Bongiovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Mixing Times ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Sedimentation Process ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Slow Mixing

The present study aims to optimize the operational conditions in surface water coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation step, besides evaluating the association between seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera) and the synthetic coagulant aluminium sulphate for surface water treatment. The assays were performed in Jar Test using surface water from Pirapó River basin, Maringá, PR. It was observed that the operational conditions affect the coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation process efficiency. Optimal operational conditions for coagulants association are as follows: rapid mixing velocity (RMV) of 105 rpm, rapid mixing times (RMT) of 1 min, slow mixing velocity (SMV) of 30 rpm, slow mixing times (SMT) of 15 min, and sedimentation time (ST) of 15 min; this enables an improvement in the process, contributing to a reduction in synthetic coagulant aluminium sulphate demand of up to 30%, combined with an increase in M. oleifera dosage, not affecting the coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation process efficiency, considering the water pH range between 7 and 9.

scholarly journals The removal of turbid materials from AMD using bentonite clay, Fe or Al salt, MgCO3 and flocculent with varying agitations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-597
Author(s):  
I. O. Ntwampe
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Slow Mixing

Abstract A series of experiments was conducted using 200 mL of acid mine drainage (AMD) collected from Krugersdorp, South Africa, to determine turbid materials removal efficiency of a combination of bentonite clay, Fe or Al salt and MgCO3. The sample was poured into five 500 mL glass beakers using bentonite clay, FeCl3, AlCl3 and MgCO3 dosage respectively. The samples were treated in jar test at rapid and slow mixing, allowed to settle for 1 hour, then the pH, conductivity, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) were measured (exp A). A second and third similar sets of experiments were conducted with a combination of bentonite clay and MgCO3 (flocculent) dosage (exp B), and FeCl3 with slow mixing only (exp C). Experimental results revealed that the pH of treated effluent with bentonite clay does not exhibit significant increasing trend because of insignificant hydrolysis, whereas the pH of samples with FeCl3, AlCl3 and MgCO3 exhibit a slight decreasing trend, showing a low rate of hydrolysis. The DO and ORP of treated effluent does not show a significant changing trend compared to the untreated AMD sample. Residual TSS of the AMD samples treated with a flocculent is lower than the samples treated with bentonite clay, FeCl, AlCl3 and MgCO3. Residual turbidity of the samples with rapid mixing is identical to that of the corresponding samples with slow mixing. TSS removal efficiency of a flocculent is higher compared to other reagents. The results show that synthetic flocculent is an ideal replacement for inorganic coagulants. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs exhibit slides with dense-sponge like flocs showing high adsorption capacity.

scholarly journals Integration of treatment technologies with Fenton reagent for laboratory effluent remediation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chrystopher Allan Miranda Pereira ◽  
Núbia Natália Brito
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Slow Mixing ◽  
Slow Filtration

This study investigated of the potential value of the integration of the coagulation/flocculation, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) (Fenton reagent) and slow sand filtration technologies, with the aim of treating laboratory wastewater. The treatment system was designed in laboratory scale through coagulation/flocculation. It involved the use of Jar Test equipment with a sequence of two rotational phases: fast mixes to 300 rpm for 20 seconds and slow mixes to 30 rpm for 6 minutes and 10 seconds, with the addition of anionic polymer and sedimentation for 60 minutes at ambient temperature. In the treatment via Fenton reagent, two rotational phases were used: rapid mixing at 300 rpm for 20 seconds with the addition of iron (Fe2+) and slow mixing at 30 rpm for 6 minutes and 10 seconds with the addition of hydrogen peroxide, followed by 60 minutes of sedimentation at ambient temperature. A cylindrical tank of polyvinyl chloride, sands and non-woven synthetic fabrics were used in the slow filtration. The filtration rate adopted was 3 m3 m-2 d-1 with a hydraulic retention time of 264 minutes. The best concentrations of chemical reagents used in the treatments were: 0.80 mg L-1 of polymeric anionic, 200.00 mg L-1 of H2O2 and 13.00 mg L-1 of total soluble iron. The integration of the treatment technologies made it possible to achieve a removal rate of 75.27% of COD and 94.12% of  total phenols. Furthermore, the conjugation of the processes allowed the removal of 87.58% of TOC.

Practical design of flocculator for new polymeric inorganic coagulant - PSI

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ohno ◽  
M. Uchiyama ◽  
M. Saito ◽  
T. Kamei ◽  
Y. Magara
Keyword(s):  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Water Purification System ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Slow Mixing

Physical characteristics of flocs formed by new polymeric inorganic coagulant, polysilicato-iron coagulant (PSI) were investigated using kaolinite clay suspended water as test water. Floc density was determined by measuring floc settling velocity and spherical equivalent floc diameter. The floc density function proposed by Tambo and Watanabe could be applied to PSI. Flocs formed by PSI showed higher floc density than those formed by alum at the same floc size. Floc size distribution after the rapid mixing as also determined. PSI could produce well-grown flocs at the stirring speed of 300 rpm. Stirring at 300 rpm for 7 minutes, residual turbidity after 15 minute sedimentation became lower than rapid mixing at 120 rpm for 5 minutes followed by slow mixing at 40 rpm for 25 minutes. Flocs formed by PSI was much stronger than those formed by alum. Using the data obtained, the design parameters of flocculator by use of PSI were estimated following Tambo and WatanabeÕs procedure. According to the estimation, it was suggested that rapid mixing process alone can make well-grown flocs and slow mixing process, which is essential for the conventional water purification system using aluminium coagulants, can be eliminated by use of PSI.

scholarly journals Treatment of highly turbid water in disaster conditions using coagulation-flocculation process: modeling and optimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-369
Author(s):  
Danial Nayeri ◽  
Seyyed Alireza Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Slow Mixing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Sedimentation Time

Abstract In the present research, the coagulation-flocculation (CF) process was used to eliminate highly turbid water in disaster conditions. To better understand the efficiency of the system, the impact of various numerical factors namely; initial turbidity (10–350 NTU), pH (5–9), coagulant dosage (50–250 mg/L), rapid mixing (120–280 rpm), slow mixing (30–50 rpm), and sedimentation time (10–50 min) were optimized through the central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA), the quadratic model was more suitable for the dataset with R2 = 0.85 for removing turbidity. Moreover, the results of the present study revealed that the highest turbidity removal (99.14%) was observed at pH (9), alum dosage (50 mg/L), initial turbidity (350 NTU), rapid mixing (280 rpm), slow mixing (50 rpm), and sedimentation time (50 min). Furthermore, the residual turbidity at the maximum efficiency of the system was 3 NTU.

Post-Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Polymeric Flocculant-Assisted Coagulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Malakahmad ◽  
Sim Yeong Chuan ◽  
Mahdieh Eisakhani
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Slow Mixing ◽  
Flocculation Process

Typically, palm oil mill industries use conventional anaerobic ponds for treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). But, this method alone cannot produce effluent discharge to an allowable limits set by the authorities. This study aimed to investigate further treatment of anaerobically digested POME (COD = 682±14 mgL-1, TSS = 29±7 mgL-1 and turbidity = 106±3 NTU) by coagulation-flocculation process. Alum, an industrial-accepted coagulant and OC 100 and PC 100W as two industrial-based polymeric flocculants were used in coagulation-flocculation process. Results indicate coagulation process in its optimum conditions (pH = 6, alum dosage = 1800 mgL-1, rapid mixing = 5 min, and slow mixing = 20 min) reduces the COD, TSS and turbidity by 59%, 80% and 86%, respectively. Flocculants OC 100 and PC 100W caused further reduction of TSS (85–88%) and turbidity (97–98%). By application of post treatment, the POME characteristics reached to an acceptable discharge level enforced by Malaysian department of environment (DOE).

Analysis and optimization of flocculation activity and turbidity reduction in kaolin suspension using pectin as a biopolymer flocculant

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Ho ◽  
I. Norli ◽  
Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi ◽  
N. Morad
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Kaolin Suspension ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Surface Graph ◽  
Flocculation Activity ◽  
Flocculating Activity ◽  
Slow Mixing

The performance of pectin in turbidity reduction and the optimum condition were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effect of pH, cation's concentration, and pectin's dosage on flocculating activity and turbidity reduction was investigated at three levels and optimized by using Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Coagulation and flocculation process were assessed with a standard jar test procedure with rapid and slow mixing of a kaolin suspension (aluminium silicate), at 150 rpm and 30 rpm, respectively, in which a cation e.g. Al3 + , acts as coagulant, and pectin acts as the flocculant. In this research, all factors exhibited significant effect on flocculating activity and turbidity reduction. The experimental data and model predictions well agreed. From the 3D response surface graph, maximum flocculating activity and turbidity reduction are in the region of pH greater than 3, cation concentration greater than 0.5 mM, and pectin dosage greater than 20 mg/L, using synthetic turbid wastewater within the range. The flocculating activity for pectin and turbidity reduction in wastewater is at 99%.

Removal of Suspended Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Color from Domestic Wastewater Using Sago Starch as Coagulant

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Wan Izatul Saadiah Wan Kamar ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Siti Fatihah Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Slow Mixing

Sago starch has been widely used in industrial fields, especially in food, non-food, and animal feed biotechnology. Malaysia is one of the highest local sources of sago starch. The alternative use of sago starch as a coagulant for domestic wastewater treatment was investigated in this study. The wastewater sample was collected from the Juru Regional Sewage Treatment Plant in Juru, Penang. The studied parameters include the chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, and color. Standard jar test procedures were conducted. The initial operating conditions were 200 rpm for 3 min of rapid mixing, 40 rpm for 30 min of slow mixing, and 30 min of settling. The optimum conditions included a pH of 7 and dosage of 2000 mg/L, with rapid mixing at 100 rpm for 1 min, slow mixing at 20 rpm for 30 min, and 18 min of settling. The removal rate of COD and color at these conditions was 70%. Simultaneously, 82% of SS was also removed. The results indicated that sago starch has good potential to treat domestic wastewater; the coagulant may also efficiently treat other types of wastewater.

Optimization of the Coagulation Process for Kaolin and Humic Acid Removal Using Polymeric Aluminum Ferric Sulfate

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhen Jiang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Jun Ren Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
Coagulation Performance ◽  
Slow Mixing

In the paper, the optimization of the coagulation process for Kaolin and humic acid removal using polymeric aluminum ferric sulfate (PAFS) was studied. In order to obtain the maximum turbidity and humic acid removal efficiency of Kaolin and humic acid simulated wastewater, the optimum coagulation conditions was investigated with the factors of mixing speed and time. Furthermore, mixing speed and time including parameters affecting the coagulation performance such as rapid mixing speed, rapid mixing time, slow mixing speed and slow mixing time using single factor and orthogonal array L9 (34) analysis were examined. The results showed that the optimum single factor of mixing speed and time indicated rapid mixing speed of 350 rpm, rapid mixing time of 1.0 min, slow mixing speed of 60 rpm and slow mixing time of 20 min. Then the orthogonal optimization experiment of mixing speed and time indicated maximum HA removal efficiency was 97.5% at rapid mixing speed of 350 rpm, rapid mixing time of 1.25 min, slow mixing speed of 60 rpm, and slow mixing time of 20 min.

Microalgal Harvesting by in situ Autoflotation

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 385-387
Author(s):  
E. Sandbank ◽  
L. J. van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Open Channel ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Solution ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Slow Mixing ◽  
Dissolved Air

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) principles were applied to harvest microalgae from high rate algal pond (HRAP) effluents in a highly simplified system which consisted of an open channel and a dosing pump only. Polyelectrolyte solution is dosed into the channel through a diffuser in the vicinity of a paddle wheel, where rapid mixing occurs. Slow mixing takes place in the channel. While flocs grow, oxygen bubbles resulting from algae photosynthetic activity are entrapped. Floating flocs are removed manually at the end of the channel. Removal efficiencies of 90% were obtained at a 10 mg polyelectrolyte dose. The float had 4 to 6% solids which dewatered easily to 10% solids.

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